Surto de compactação primária de abomaso em bovinos leiteiros associado ao consumo de silagem de girassol / Outbreak of primary abomasal impaction in dairy cattle associated with consumption of sunflower silage

Um surto de compactação primária de abomaso associada ao consumo de silagem de girassol ocorreu num rebanho bovino leiteiro do estado de Minas Gerais, do qual seis de 21 vacas secas em fase final de gestação e que recebiam silagem de girassol morreram. Os bovinos que adoeceram apresentaram distensão abdominal, fezes ressecadas e escassas e, nos bovinos que morreram, eram pastosas, escuras e fétidas; nesses havia também desidratação acentuada e palidez de mucosas. Três bovinos foram necropsiados e os achados patológicos eram constituídos principalmente por distensão acentuada do abomaso associada a grande quantidade de conteúdo alimentar ressecado coberto por coágulos de sangue. No abomaso havia úlceras, com perfuração da parede em um dos bovinos. A alimentação de bovinos de maior exigência nutricional com silagem de girassol de características indesejáveis como única fonte de volumoso foi o principal fator para a compactação de abomaso nos casos apresentados.

An outbreak of primary abomasal impaction associated with consumption of sunflower silage occurred in a dairy cattle herd from the state of Minas Gerais. Six of 21 dry cows in late pregnancy fed with sunflower silage died. Cattle that became ill presented abdominal distension and scant and dried feces. In the animals that died, severe dehydration, pale mucous membranes, dark, sticky and stinking feces were seen. Three cows were necropsied and the main pathological findings consisted of severe abomasal distension associated with a large quantity of dried alimentary content covered by bloody clots. Ulcers were found in abomasum, with perforation in one cow. Feeding cattle with high nutritional needs, with sunflower silage of undesirable characteristics as unique source of roughage was the main cause for the abomasal impaction.

Egyptian artichoke volatile compounds: protect against lead-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in male rats

Lead is a widely used chemical for the preparation of a number of industry and household-based products. The toxicity of lead compounds, like all other heavy metals, has been implicated in the etiology of different disorders in humans. The present study was designed to investigate the potential protective effect of Egyptian artichoke against the hepatorenal toxicity of lead in male albino rats. Twenty three compounds were identified as volatile compounds of artichoke with benzeneacetaldehyde and selinene as major constituents, 19.97% and 16.80% respectively. Four groups of rats were used, group 1 to serve as control, group 2 intraperitoneal injected with lead acetate [20 mg/kg B.W], group 3 lead injected rats given artichoke head extract with drinking water [10 g/1 liter] and group 4 lead injected rats given artichoke leaves extract. The experiment continued for 30 days. The plasma total protein, cholesterol, urea and creatinein were determined. The activities of each of Alanine aminotansferase [ALT] aspartate amino transferase [AST], gamma-glutamyltransferase [gamma-GT] were followed. The level of plasma oxidation products of malondialdehyde was estimated. The histopathological changes were examined. Artichoke [leaves or head] co-treatment to the lead - administered rats attenuated the increase of ALT, AST, gamma-GT activities. Also the change in cholesterol, urea, creatinine and protein levels was less marked. The values reported were near to normal. In addition, the morphological damage in the liver and kidney was reduced and the tissues appeared like those of controls. The present study suggests that, because the presence of volatile constituents with antioxidative properties, artichoke may be useful in combating damaging effect of lead toxicity

Silagens de girassol e de milho em dietas de vacas leiteiras: consumo e digestibilidade aparente / Sunflower and corn silages in lactating cow diets: intake and digestibility

Avaliaram-se o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente de dietas, contendo diferentes proporções de silagem de girassol em substituição à silagem de milho, para vacas leiteiras em lactação. Foram utilizadas cinco vacas da raça Holandesa, que produziam 25kg leite/dia, distribuídas em um delineamento em quadrado latino 5´5. Os tratamentos foram compostos por: 100 por cento de silagem de girassol e concentrado (100SG), 66 por cento de silagem de girassol mais 34 por cento de silagem de milho e concentrado (66SG), 34 por cento de silagem de girassol mais 66 por cento de silagem de milho e concentrado (34SG), 100 por cento de silagem de milho e concentrado (100SM) e 100 por cento de silagem de milho mais caroço de algodão (16,5 por cento da matéria seca) e concentrado (SM+CA). A ingestão de matéria seca (17,8kg para 100SG e 21,6kg para 100SM), a ingestão de matéria orgânica (15,5kg para 100SG e 20,2kg para 100SM), a ingestão de fibra insolúvel em detergente neutro (8,1kg para 100SG e 9,9kg para 100SM), a digestibilidade aparente da fibra insolúvel em detergente neutro (30,7 por cento para 100SG e 51,4 por cento para 100SM) e da fibra insolúvel em detergente ácido (28,4 por cento para 100SG e 49,4 por cento para 100SM) foram menores para a dieta 100SG comparada à dieta 100SM (P<0,05). A substituição parcial da silagem de milho pela silagem de girassol pode ser uma alternativa viável na alimentação de vacas leiteiras.

The intake and the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and the intake of crude protein were evaluated in lactating Holstein cows fed sunflower silage (SS) in replacement of corn silage (CS) in their diets. Five ruminal cannulated cows, 60 to 82 days in milk, were arranged in a 5 x 5 latin square design. The treatments werethe following: 100 percent corn silage (100CS) and concentrate; 34 percent sunflower silage plus 66 percent corn silage (34SS) and concentrate; 66 percent sunflower silage plus 34 percent corn silage (66SS) and concentrate; 100 percent sunflower silage (100SS) and concentrate;and 100 percent corn silage plus whole cotton seed (CS-WCS) and concentrate. Dry matter (17.86kg for 100SS and 21.62kg for 100CS) and organic matter intake (17.5kg for 100SS and 20.2kg for 100CS), intake and apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were lower for 100SS compared to 100CS (P<0.05). Apparent digestibility of organic matter for treatment 100SS was the lowest (54.8 percent). Increasing levels of corn silage in the diets increased the dry matter intake, the organic matter intake and the apparent digestibility. Parcial replacement of the corn silage with sunflower silage could be a viable option for lactating cows diets.