Síndrome de Ramsay Hunt: revisión narrativa / Ramsay Hunt Syndrome: Narrative Review

El síndrome de Ramsay Hunt (SRH) corresponde a la asociación de la parálisis facial periférica con una erupción vesicular localizada en el pabellón auricular, causada por el compromiso del ganglio geniculado secundario a una infección por el virus de la varicela-zóster (VVZ). Este síndrome es la segunda causa más común de parálisis facial atraumática y representa aproximadamente el 10 %-12 % de las parálisis faciales agudas, con una incidencia anual de 5 por cada 100 000 habitantes en Estados Unidos. El diagnóstico es principalmente clínico y entre las manifestaciones más destacadas se encuentran síntomas neurológicos como otalgia, tinnitus, hipoacusia asociada con parálisis facial junto a lesiones herpéticas características. Dentro de las complicaciones que se pueden presentar en esta entidad se encuentra, principalmente, la neuralgia posherpética, seguida de otras menos frecuentes como la encefalitis, el herpes zóster oftálmico y la mielitis. El manejo actual del SRH se basa en la aplicación de terapias duales con corticosteroides asociados a terapia antiviral, lo cual ha demostrado que el inicio temprano del tratamiento mejora el pronóstico y disminuye la aparición de complicaciones. El pronóstico de esta patología es inferior en comparación a patologías menos severas que comprometen el nervio facial (como la parálisis de Bell) y se ve impactado por varios factores como el inicio oportuno de tratamiento, el grupo etario y la presencia de comorbilidades.

Ramsay Hunt syndrome corresponds to the association of peripheral facial paralysis with a vesicular eruption located in the pinna, caused by the involvement of the geniculate ganglion secondary to infection by the varicella zoster virus. This syndrome is the second causes of atraumatic facial paralysis, representing approximately 10 %-12 % of acute facial paralysis, with an annual incidence of 5 per 100,000 inhabitants. The diagnosis is mainly clinical and among the most prominent manifestations are neurological symptoms such as otalgia, tinnitus, hypoacusis associated with facial paralysis together with characteristic herpetic lesions. Among the complications that may occur in this entity is mainly postherpetic neuralgia, followed by less frequent ones such as encephalitis, ophthalmic herpes zoster and myelitis. Current management of Ramsay Hunt syndrome is based on the application of dual therapies consisting of corticosteroids associated with antiviral therapy, showing that early initiation of treatment improves prognosis and reduces the appearance of complications. The prognosis of this pathology is inferior compared to less severe pathologies that compromise the facial nerve (Bell's palsy) and is impacted by several factors such as the timely initiation of treatment, the age group, and the presence of comorbidities.

Parálisis facial periférica. Incidencia y etiología / Peripheral facial paralysis. Incidence and etiology / Paralísia facial periferal. Incidência e etiologia

INTRODUCCIÓN: La parálisis facial periférica implica una disfunción del VII par. Predomina la forma idiopática o de Bell. Su tratamiento se basa en el uso de corticoides y en las demás causas depende de la patología de base. El presente estudio describe la incidencia, la etiología y el grado de afectación de la parálisis facial en la población del Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín. MÉTODO: Revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes que concurrieron a la guardia del Servicio de Otorrinolaringología entre enero de 2013 y septiembre de 2017, y revisión bibliográfica...

INTRODUCTION: Peripheral facial paralysis implies a dysfunction of the seventh pair. The idiopathic or Bell form predominates. Its treatment is based on the use of corticosteroids; and in the other causes depends on the underlying pathology. The present study describes the incidence, etiology and degree of involvement of facial paralysis in the population of the Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín. METHOD: Review of medical records of patients who attended the otorhinolaryngology service ward between january 2013 and september 2017, and literature review…

INTRODUÇÃO: A paralisia facial periférica implica uma disfunção do sétimo par. Predomina a forma idiopática ou de Bell. O seu tratamento baseia-se no uso de corticosteróides; e nas outras causas depende da patologia subjacente. O presente estudo descreve a incidência, etiologia e grau de envolvimento da paralisia facial na população do Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín. MÉTODO: Revisão dos registros médicos de pacientes atendidos na sala de atendimento de Otorrinolaringologia entre janeiro de 2013 e setembro de 2017 e revisão da literatura...

Facial paralysis due to Ramsay Hunt syndrome - A rare condition / Paralisia facial secundária à síndrome de Ramsay Hunt - Uma condição rara

Summary Ramsay Hunt syndrome (or herpes zoster oticus) is a rare complication of herpes zoster in which reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus infection in the geniculate ganglion occurs. Usually, there are auricular vesicles and symptoms and signs such otalgia and peripheral facial paralysis. In addition, rarely, a rash around the mouth can be seen. Immunodeficient patients are more susceptible to this condition. Diagnosis is essentially based on symptoms. We report the case of a diabetic female patient who sought the emergency department with a complaint of this rare entity.

Resumo A síndrome de Ramsay Hunt (ou zóster auricular) é uma complicação rara do herpes-zóster em que ocorre reativação de uma infecção latente pelo vírus varicela-zóster no gânglio geniculado. Geralmente, estão presentes vesículas auriculares e sintomas como otalgia e paralisia facial periférica. Além disso, mais raramente pode haver rash ao redor da boca. Pacientes com imunodeficiência apresentam maior susceptibilidade para essa condição. O diagnóstico é essencialmente pelo quadro clínico. É apresentado o caso de uma paciente diabética que compareceu ao setor de emergência com essa manifestação rara.

Síndrome de Ramsay-Hunt: descrição de caso / Ramsay-Hunt syndrome: case report

A síndrome de Ramsay Hunt apresenta-se com erupções vesiculares no ouvido externo, otalgia e paralisia facial periférica devida à reativação do vírus varicela-zoster (VZV), presente em estado latente no gânglio sensorial do nervo facial. Esta síndrome ocorre geralmente em idosos, diabéticos e imunodeprimidos. Neste artigo, descrevemos um caso de um paciente de 17 anos com diagnostico clínico e laboratorial tratado com prednisona e aciclovir, com boa evolução.

The Ramsay Hunt syndrome envolves a vesicular eruption on the external, middle and inner ear reported to the reativation of latent varcela-zostervirus (VZV) retained in a dormant state within sensory ganglia of the facial nerve, causing facial paralysis. This syndrome commonly affects elderly, diabetics and immunedeprimed patients. In this article, an younger patient with Ramsay Hunt syndrome is described. This patient was treated with prednisona and acyclovir having a good evolution.

Ramsay hunt syndrome complicated by contralateral cerebral infarction

Varicella-zoster virus has been associated with a variety of neurological manifestations. We describe a patient with the Ramsay Hunt Syndrome who developed a contralateral cerebral infarction.

Ramsay Hunt syndrome with aseptic meningitis.

A case of Ramsay Hunt Syndrome with characteristic vesicles on the lateral aspect of the left pinna, evidence of infranuclear palsy of the left 7th cranial nerve, associated with same sided loss of taste sensation in the presulcal area of the tongue and perceptive deafness without vestibular disturbances is reported here. The patient had evidence of aseptic meningitis.

Herpes zoster oticus associated with facial, auditory and trigeminal involvement.

We report a case of herpes zoster oticus with involvement of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve and loss of taste sensation in the anterior two third of the tongue. Infranuclear facial palsy and sensorineural deafness were also present.

Ramsay Hunt syndrome: a rare cause of Bell's palsy

Herpes zoster [Shingles] can affect almost every nerve but facial nerve involvement is rare leading to Bell's palsy Recovery may take weeks to months. Early use of systemic sterois and local application of anti-viral preparations are quite effective