Fatores associados ao comportamento alimentar de frequentadores de academias de Taubaté - SP / Factors associated with eating behavior in users of fitness centers of Taubaté city SP

A relação da atividade física e da alimentação com a saúde é estudada há muitos anos e os resultados confirmam que a prática regular de exercício físico e uma alimentação equilibrada atuam diretamente na prevenção de doenças. Objetivo - Identificar os fatores associados ao comportamento alimentar dos frequentadores de academias de ginástica do município de Taubaté, SP, segundo idade, gênero e estado nutricional. Métodos - Estudo transversal, quantitativo e com uma amostra não probabilística, constituída por 160 frequentadores de academias do município de Taubaté-SP. Para a obtenção dos dados utilizou-se questionário padronizado de múltipla escolha com questões demográficas, socioeconômicas, comportamentais, nutricionais e sobre saúde; o teste Como está a sua alimentação? do Guia Alimentar de bolso do Ministério da Saúde; o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física IPAQ; e para avaliação do estado nutricional, informações do peso e da altura para cálculo do IMC (índice de massa corporal) e aferição de dobras cutâneas para a estimativa do percentual de gordura corporal ( por cento GC). Empregou-se análise descritiva, teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson para avaliar associação e análise de cluster. Resultados - A idade média dos frequentadores é de 39,4 anos (DP = ±13,1 anos). Há uma predominância do gênero feminino, alto grau de escolaridade e elevada renda familiar. O IMC médio é de 25,5 kg/m², a maioria encontra-se eutrófico e apresenta por cento GC normal...

The relationship between physical activity and food with health have been studied for many years and the results confirm that the regular practice of physical activity and a balanced diet influence directly in disease prevention. Objective - To identify the factors associated with eating behavior of users of fitness centers from Taubaté city, SP, according to age, gender and nutritional status. Methods - There was a cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample involving 160 users of fitness centers from Taubaté city, SP. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, nutritionals and about health multiple choice questions. Furthermore, they were used the test Whats your diet like?, present in the pocket edition of the Brazilian Dietary Guideline from the Health Ministry, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire IPAQ. For anthropometric assessment were used weight and height to calculate the BMI (Body Mass Index) and skinfolds thicknesses to estimate the percentage of body fat ( per cent BF). It was used the chi-square test to determine the association and cluster analysis. Results - The average age users of fitness centers was 39.4 years old (SD = 13.1). There was predominance of the feminine gender, high schooling and high family income. The averages of BMI was 25.5 kg/m2, the most of them were found eutrophic and presents normal per cent BF. They use nutritional complements and the younger...

Perceptions regarding oral rehydration solutions for the management of diarrhea in Guatemalan children: implications for diarrheal management in the Americas / Ideas con respecto a las soluciones de rehidratación oral en el tratamiento de la diarrea de los niños guatemaltecos: repercusiones sobre el tratamiento de la diarrea en las Américas

OBJECTIVE: To describe knowledge and perceptions regarding the use of oral rehydration solution (ORS) for the management of diarrheal diseases among formal and informal health care providers and community caregivers in the Guatemalan department of Santa Rosa, and to recommend strategies to increase ORS use for management of diarrhea in children. METHODS: From July to September 2008, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with formal health care providers; open-ended interviews were conducted with informal health care providers; and focus group discussions and pile sorting were carried out with community caregivers. RESULT: The study participants attributed episodes of diarrhea in children to culturally recognized or folk ailments (empacho, cuajo, and varillas) that are primarily treated by traditional healers. There were knowledge deficits about 1) dehydration as a manifestation of diarrhea, and 2) management of dehydration, including the use of ORS and the need to continue feedings during diarrheal episodes. Caregivers perceived bottled/ready-made ORS products and the more expensive over-the-counter antidiarrheal medications as superior to ORS packets in the treatment of diarrhea. CONCLUSIONS: In Guatemala, folk etiologies of disease differ from those of the biomedical establishment and influence the decisions made by caregivers when treating ill children, including those related to the use of ORS. Public health campaigns addressing the treatment and management of diarrheal diseases in Santa Rosa should recognize the ailments known as empacho, cuajo, and varillas and target them for ORS use by community caregivers as well as health care providers in both the formal and informal health sectors.

OBJETIVO: Describir los conocimientos y las ideas que tienen las personas que prestan atención de salud en el sector convencional, el sector no convencional y los cuidadores de la comunidad con respecto al uso de las soluciones de rehidratación oral en el tratamiento de las enfermedades diarreicas, en el departamento guatemalteco de Santa Rosa y recomendar estrategias encaminadas a aumentar la utilización de estas soluciones en el tratamiento de la diarrea en los niños. MÉTODOS: De julio a septiembre del 2008 se llevaron a cabo entrevistas exhaustivas semiestructuradas a los profesionales de salud y entrevistas con preguntas abiertas a los proveedores no convencionales de atención sanitaria y se organizaron debates en grupos de opinión y ejercicios de ordenamiento de tarjetas con los cuidadores de la comunidad. RESULTADOS: Los participantes en el estudio atribuyeron la causa de los episodios de diarrea en los niños a dolencias culturalmente aceptadas o populares (empacho, cuajo y varillas), que tratan principalmente los curanderos. Se observaron deficiencias en los conocimientos acerca de 1) la deshidratación como una manifestación de la diarrea y 2) el tratamiento de la deshidratación, incluido el uso de las soluciones de rehidratación oral y la necesidad de continuar la alimentación durante los episodios diarreicos. Los cuidadores consideraron las soluciones de rehidratación embotelladas o preparadas y los medicamentos antidiarreicos de venta libre, que son más costosos, como mejores opciones para el tratamiento de la diarrea que las soluciones de rehidratación oral. CONCLUSIONES: En Guatemala, el concepto popular y el de las instituciones biomédicas sobre la causa de las enfermedades es diferente e influye sobre las decisiones que toman los cuidadores al tratar a los niños enfermos, por ejemplo, las relacionadas con el uso de soluciones de rehidratación oral. Las campañas de salud pública que abordan el tratamiento y el manejo de las enfermedades diarreicas en Santa Rosa deben incorporar las dolencias conocidas como empacho, cuajo y varillas y fomentar el uso de las soluciones de rehidratación oral en estos casos, por parte de los cuidadores de la comunidad, los profesionales de salud del sector convencional y los proveedores de atención del sector no convencional.