Diuretic activity of Sambucus nigra L. ssp. palmensis (Link) R. Bolli, an endemic Canary Islands species / Actividad diurética de Sambucus nigra L. ssp. palmensis (Link) R. Bolli, una especie endémica de las Islas Canarias

To determine the diuretic activity of Sambucus nigra L. ssp. palmensis (Link) R. Bolli (SP). SP was evaluated in adult female Swiss mice. Urinary excretion volume was measured and the concentration of sodium, potassium, chloride, pH and specific conductance of 3 doses of aqueous extract (35.0, 52.2 and 70.0 mg kg-1) were determined. SP (70.0 mg kg-1) produced a higher urinary excretion (6.41 mL) and diuretic index (15%) than hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) (6.27 mL and 12%, respectively). The saluretic index indicates a lower sodium excretion than HCTZ (13%) and inversely proportional to the dose (8% -5%). The same is observed for potassium excretion (0.0172-0.0162 mEq.K+/100 g/6 h), which achieves a lower value than the control group (0.0166 mEq.K+/100 g/6 h), suggesting potassium retention. These results support the use of this plant species as a diuretic in Canarian folk medicine.

Determinar la actividad diurética de Sambucus nigra L. ssp. palmensis (Link) R. Bolli (SP). SP fue evaluada en hembras adultas de ratones Swiss. Se midió el volumen de excreción urinaria y se determinó la concentración de sodio, potasio, cloruro, el pH y la conductividad específica de 3 dosis de extracto acuoso (35,0, 52,2 y 70,0 mg kg-1). SP (70,0 mg kg-1) produjo una excreción urinaria (6,41 mL) e índice diurético (15%) superior a hidroclorotiazida (HCTZ) (6,27 mLy 12%, respectivamente). El índice salurético indica una excreción de sodio inferior a HCTZ (13%) e inversamente proporcional a la dosis (8% -5%). Lo mismo ocurre con la excreción de potasio (0,0172-0,0162 mEq.K+/100 g/6 h) que alcanza un dato inferior al del grupo control (0,0166 mEq.K+/100 g/6 h), lo que sugeriría retención de potasio. Estos resultados apoyan el uso de esta especie vegetal como diurético por la medicina popular canaria.

Simultaneous determination of losartan and hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical preparations by derivative and ratio derivative spectrophotometry

Losartan is a non-peptide potent antihypertensive agent that acts through blocking angiotensin n receptors. Hyzaar is a combination product that contains two drugs, losartan and hydrochlorothiazide, used to lower high blood pressure. There are some reports regarding simultaneous measurement of the drugs in pharmaceutical and biological samples which includes HPLC, CE, CEC, and multisyringe chromatography. UV-V is spectra of standard solutions of losaratan and hydrochlorothiazide were prepared separately and together in combination with various concentrations of the drugs. To determine these two drugs simultaneously without any preliminary treatment, losartan was determined by ratio derivative Spectrophotometry at third derivation with ? lamda = 10 nm at 246.3 nm, and hydrochlorothiazide was determined at first derivation with delta lamda = 5nm at 334.4 nm. This method was used to determine the two drugs in real samples of tablets. The method had a good linearity in the concentration range studied [r > 0.999]. Precision of the method revealed that RSD% was lower than 2.10 and 1.79 for losartan and hydrochlorothiazide, respectively. Accuracy of the method on the basis of error% was lower than 3.3% for losartan and 2.3% for hydrochlorothiazide. Based on the validation results, it could be concluded that the method was reliable and valid for determination of the drugs in their preparations. Real sample analysis showed that tablets had 84.9% hydrochlorothiazide and 92.6% losartan compared to label amount of the drugs. Results depicted a simple, valid, inexpensive and reliable method for simultaneous determination of the two drugs in pharmaceutical preparations applicable to the quality control laboratory of pharmaceutical industries