Condições potencialmente ameaçadoras à vida no ciclo gravídico-puerperal / Condiciones potencialmente amenazantes para la vida en el ciclo gravídico puerperal / Potentially life-threatening conditions determinants in pregnancy-puerperal cycle

ABSTRACT Objetivo: Descrever as principais condições potencialmente ameaçadoras à vida de mulheres durante o ciclo gravídico e puerperal e variáveis relacionadas a esses agravos. Método: Estudo do tipo documental, descritivo e quantitativo, realizado com prontuários de gestantes, parturientes e puérperas internadas em hospital de média complexidade, que apresentaram Condições Potencialmente Ameaçadoras à Vida (CPAV). Foram excluídos os de acesso impossibilitado por estarem sob judice. A amostra foi temporal e a análise univariada. Resultados: Inclui-se 181 prontuários. A maioria das condições ocorreu em mulheres de 16 a 34 anos de idade (61,3%), união estável (60,8%), pardas (31,5%), sem renda ocupacional (29,2%), multíparas (28,87%), com complicações no primeiro trimestre gestacional (32,6%). Verificaram-se a realização de um número insuficiente de consultas (13,8%), dados referentes ao pré-natal ignorados (68%). As principais CPAV foram as síndromes hemorrágicas (28,2%), hipertensivas (25,4%) e infecção (13,3%). Como desfecho, foram observados prevalência de aborto não especificado (22,1%), morte perinatal por doença infecciosa e parasitária da mãe (2,2%). Conclusão: As principais CPAV foram as síndromes hemorrágicas, hipertensivas e infecções. Como desfecho, foram observados alta hospitalar, aborto, referenciamento à UTI, morte perinatal e morte materna.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir las principales condiciones potencialmente amenazantes para la vida de las mujeres durante el ciclo gravídico y puerperal, además de las variables relacionadas con estos agravios. Método: estudio del tipo documental, descriptivo y cuantitativo, realizado con registros médicos de gestantes, parturientes y puérperas internadas en hospital de mediana complejidad, que presentaron Condiciones Potencialmente Amenazantes a la Vida (CPAV). Se excluyeron los de acceso imposibilitado por estar bajo juicio. La muestra fue temporal y el análisis univariado. Resultados: se incluyen 181 registros médicos. La mayoría de las condiciones ocurrió en mujeres de 16 a 34 años de edad (61,3%), unión estable (60,8%), pardas (31,5%), sin ingreso ocupacional (29,2%), multíparas (28,87%), con complicaciones en el primer trimestre gestacional (32,6%). Se constató un número insuficiente de consultas (13,8 %), datos relativos al prenatal ignorados (68 %). Las principales CPAV fueron los trastornos hemorrágicos (28,2%), hipertensivos (25,4%) e infecciosos (13,3%). Como resultado, se observaron: prevalencia de aborto no especificado (22,1%), muerte perinatal por enfermedad infecciosa y parasitaria de la madre (2,2%). Conclusión: las principales CPAV fueron los trastornos hemorrágicos, hipertensivos e infecciones. Como resultado, se observó alta hospitalaria, aborto, referencia a la UCI, muerte perinatal y muerte materna.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the main conditions potentially threatening the lives of women during the pregnancy and puerperal cycle and variables related to these diseases. Method: Documentary, descriptive and quantitative study, conducted with medical records of pregnant women, women giving birth and puerperal women hospitalized in a hospital of medium complexity, who presented Potentially Life Threatening Conditions (PLTC). Those with access unable to be sob judice were excluded. The sample was temporal and the analysis was univariate. Results: This includes 181 medical records. Most conditions occurred in women aged 16 to 34 years (61.3%), stable union (60.8%), brown (31.5%), without occupational income (29.2%), multiparous (28.87%), with complications in the first gestational trimester (32.6%). There was an insufficient number of consultations (13.8%), data regarding prenatal care ignored (68%). The main CPAV were hemorrhagic syndromes (28.2%), hypertensive (25.4%) and infection (13.3%). As an outcome, we observed a prevalence of unspecified miscarriage (22.1%), perinatal death from infectious and parasitic disease of the mother (2.2%). Conclusion: The main CPAV were hemorrhagic, hypertensive and infections syndromes. As an outcome, hospital discharge, miscarriage, ICU referral, perinatal death and maternal death were observed.

Pregnancy induced hypertension and associated factors among women attending delivery service at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Tepi General Hospital and Gebretsadik Shawo Hospital, Southwest, Ethiopia

BACKGROUND: Disorders of pregnancy induced hypertensive are a major health problem in the obstetric population as they are one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization estimates that at least one woman dies every seven minutes from complications of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The objective of this study is to assess pregnancy induced hypertension and its associated factors among women attending delivery service at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Gebretsadikshawo Hospital and Tepi General Hospital. METHODS: A health facility based cross-sectional study was carried out from October 01 to November 30/2016. The total sample size (422) was proportionally allocated to the three hospitals. Systematic sampling technique was used to select study participants. Variables with p-value of less than 0.25 in binary logistic regression were entered into the multivariable logistic regression to control cofounding. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension was 33(7.9%); of which 5(15.2%) were gestational hypertension, 12 (36.4%) were mild preeclampsia, 15(45.5%) were severe preeclampsia and 1 (3%) eclampsia. Positive family history of pregnancy induced hypertension [AOR5.25 (1.39-19.86)], kidney diseases (AOR 3.32(1.04-10.58)), having asthma [AOR 37.95(1.41-1021)] and gestational age (AOR 0.096(0.04-.23)) were predictors of pregnancy induced hypertension. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension among women attending delivery service was 7.9%. Having family history of pregnancy induced hypertension, chronic kidney diseases and gestational age were predictors of pregnancy induced hypertension

Perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade materna por hipertensão: análise situacional de um estado nordestino entre 2004-2013 / Perfil epidemiológico de la mortalidad materna en la hipertensión: un análisis de la situación nororiental estado entre 2004-2013 / Epidemiological profile of maternal mortality due to hypertension: situational analysis of a northeastern state between 2004 and 2013

Objective: To know the maternal mortality epidemiological profile due to pregnancy hypertensive disorders in Alagoas state, Brazil, from 2004 to 2013. Methods: This is an epidemiological, descriptive, documentary, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach of a historical series from 2004 to 2013, in a Northeastern state of Brazil. Data were collected through the State Health Department of Alagoas’ database. Results: There was a greater number of maternal deaths in women aged between 20 and 39 years old by hypertensive syndromes in 2006, due to maternal hypertension with no specific cause. Conclusion: Pregnancy hypertensive disorders are considered pregnancy and childbirth complications, and a major cause of maternal and perinatal mortality, deserving special attention from health professionals, linked to maternal and child health.

Objetivo: Conhecer o perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade materna por meio das síndromes hipertensivas gestacionais no estado de Alagoas no período entre 2004 e 2013. Métodos: Estudo com delineamento epidemiológico, descritivo, documental, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa de uma série histórica no período de 2004 a 2013, em um estado do Nordeste. Os dados foram coletados através da base de dados da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do estado de Alagoas. Resultados: Observou-se um número maior de óbitos maternos declarados por síndromes hipertensivas gestacionais no ano de 2006, na faixa etária entre 20 e 39 anos, por hipertensão materna com causa não específica. Conclusão: As síndromes hipertensivas gestacionais são consideradas importantes complicações do ciclo gravídico-puerperal, sendo uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade materna e perinatal, merecendo atenção especial por parte dos profissionais da saúde ligados à área materno-infantil.

Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer el perfil epidemiológico de la mortalidad materna en los síndromes hipertensivos en el estado de Alagoas, en el período entre 2004 y 2013. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio de diseño epidemiológico, descriptivo, documental, transversal y enfoque cuantitativo de una serie histórica en el período 2004-2013 en un estadodel noreste. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de la base de datos del Departamento de Estado de Alagoas Estado de Salud. Resultados: Hubo un mayor número de muertes maternas notificadas por los síndromes hipertensivos en el año 2006, con edades comprendidas entre los 20 y los 39 años, por hipertensión materna sin una causa específica. Conclusión: Los síndromes hipertensivos son considerados importantes complicaciones del embarazo y el parto, una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad materna y perinatal, mereciendo especial atención de los profesionales de la salud relacionados con la salud materna e infantil.

Morbidade materna pela doença hipertensiva especifica da gestação: estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa / La morbilidad materna por la enfermedad hipertensiva específica del embarazo: un estudio descriptivo con un enfoque cuantitativo / Maternal morbidity by hypertensive disease specific of the pregnancy: a descriptive study of a quantitative approach

identifying the profile of women with Specific Hypertensive Disease of Pregnancy treated at the University Hospital Antonio Pedro (HUAP). Method: a descriptive, retrospective study of a quantitative approach held at HUAP. Results: in 2011, 8% of hospitalizations in maternity HUAP were due to preeclampsia. The average age of patients was of 29 years old. Regarding the race/color, the main were mulatto, 57%. Regarding the parity, 30% were primiparous. The predominant medical diagnoses were Hypertension Not Classified 30% and Pre-eclampsia by 28%. Conclusion: specific hypertension in pregnancy is a major cause of maternal mortality, and knowledge about the profile of the population allows midwifery can play a key role in helping reduce maternal mortality...

identificar o perfil das mulheres com Doença Hipertensiva Específica da Gestação (DHEG), atendidas no Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro (HUAP). Método: estudo descritivo e retrospectivo com abordagem quantitativa realizado no HUAP. Resultados: no ano de 2011, 8% das internações na maternidade do HUAP foram decorrentes da DHEG. A idade média das pacientes foi de 29 anos. Referente à raça/cor houve predominância da cor parda, 57%. Quanto à paridade, 30% eram primigestas. Os diagnósticos médicos predominantes foram Hipertensão Arterial Não Classificada 30% e Pré-eclâmpsia, 28%. Conclusão: a DHEG é uma das principais causas de mortalidade materna, e o conhecimento a respeito do perfil da população permite que a enfermagem obstétrica possa exercer um papel fundamental no auxílio à redução da mortalidade materna...

identificar el perfil de las mujeres con enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo tratadas en el Hospital Universitario Antonio Pedro (Huap). Método: un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, con enfoque cuantitativo celebrado en HUAP. Resultados: en 2011, el 8% de las hospitalizaciones en HUAP maternidad se debieron a la preeclampsia. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 29 años. Relacionados con la raza/color, predominaba el mulato, con 57%. En cuanto a la paridad, el 30% eran primíparas. Los diagnósticos médicos predominantes fueron hipertensión no clasificadas 30% y preeclampsia en un 28%. Conclusión: a HDP es una de las principales causas de la mortalidad materna, y el conocimiento acerca del perfil de la población permite la partería poder desempeñar un papel clave para ayudar a reducir la mortalidad materna...

Ocorrência das síndromes hipertensivas na gravidez e fatores associados na região sudeste do Brasil / The occurrence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and associated factors in Southeastern Brazil

Introdução: A principal causa de mortes maternas no Brasil são as Síndromes Hipertensivas na Gravidez (SHG). Estudos têm focado nos fatores de risco para essas síndromes, entretanto são pequenos e localizados. Um estudo de maior abrangência poderia encontrar valores mais precisos e diferenças entre seus estratos. Objetivo: Estimar a frequência das SHG na região sudeste do Brasil. Descrever e analisar os fatores associados às síndromes hipertensivas na gravidez. Método: Este é um estudo transversal, parte integrante do Nascer no Brasil: Inquérito Nacional sobre Parto e Nascimento, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu entre Fevereiro de 2011 e Julho de 2012. A amostra do estudo foi composta por todas as mulheres entrevistadas pelo inquérito em toda a região Sudeste do Brasil, totalizando 10154 pares de mulheres e conceptos. Resultados: As mulheres tinham entre 10 e 54 anos, predominantemente pardas/mulatas/morenas, não possuíam ensino superior, pertenciam à classe econômica C, tiveram seus bebê em hospitais das capitais e possuíam companheiro(a). De todos os nascimentos, 52,1 por cento ocorreram por cesariana, e destas 69,2 por cento sem que a mulher entrasse em trabalho de parto. Quase metade (43,9 por cento) dos nascimentos aconteceram antes que a gestação completasse 39 semanas. 77,7 por cento das mulheres relatam ter um acompanhante ao seu lado em algum momento durante o trabalho de parto/parto. As SHG acometeram 17,6 por cento de todas as mulheres. Destas, 3,4 por cento possuíam hipertensão crônica e a incidência de eclâmpsia foi de 1,6 por cento. Após análise multivariada, permaneceram independentemente associadas às SHG as variáveis cor preta (OR 1,4), histórico pessoal de eclâmpsia (OR 2,8), primiparidade (OR 1,6), diabetes (OR 2,3), mulheres com sobrepeso (OR 1,8), obesidade (OR 4,4) e gestação múltipla (OR 2,9)...

Introduction: The main cause of maternal deaths in Brazil is hypertensive syndromes in pregnancy (HSP). Studies have focused on risk factors for these syndromes, however most are small-scaled and localized. A population-based study on the other hand, could potentially find more accurate results and differences between strata. Objective: To describe and analyze the incidence of HSP and the occurrence of associated factors in the Southeast of Brazil. Method: This is a cross-sectional study, part of "Birth in Brazil: National Survey into Labor and Birth" a national epidemiological survey on birthing in Brazil. Data collection took place between February 2011 and July 2012. The study sample consisted of all women interviewed for the survey across the southeastern region of Brazil, totaling 10,154 pairs of women and fetuses. Results: The women were between 10 and 54 years of age, predominantly brown skinned, with no graduation, in economic class C, had their babies in the hospitals placed on the capital cities and had a partner. 52.1 per cent of births occurred by cesarean section, 36 per cent without the woman going into labor. Almost half (43.9 per cent) of births occurred before 39 weeks of completed gestation. 77.7 per cent of women reported having a companion only sometimes during labor/delivery. HSP occurred in 17.6 per cent of all women, 3.4 per cent had chronic hypertension and the incidence of eclampsia was 1.6 per cent. After multivariate analysis, the independent variables associated with HSP is black skin (OR 1.4), personal history of preeclampsia (OR 2.8), primiparity (OR 1.6), diabetes (OR 2.3), underweight (OR 0.6), overweight (OR 1.8), obesity (OR) and multiple gestations (OR 2.9). Conclusion: The population-based data shows that a personal history of eclampsia, diabetes, obesity and multiple pregnancies were the variables with greater association with HSP.

Gestational hypertension; maternal and fetal outcome in women with role of hyperurecemia

Aim of the study was to ascertain prospectively the prognostic value of serum uric acid for fetal and maternal outcomes in women with gestational hypertension. This prospective study was conducted at department of Gynae and Obs, Maternal and Child Health Center, PIMS Islamabad, from January to December 2003. A total of 200 women with a gestational age >20 weeks, and blood pressure >130/90 mmHg were inducted in the study. At presentation serum uric acid, creatinine, hemoglobin, and platelets were measured along with blood pressure. All patients were divided into group A [uric acid <4.5 mg/dl] and group B [>4.5 mg/dl] and were followed for one month after the delivery to record pregnancy and neonatal outcome. A significant difference [p<0.05] in the levels of uric acid, hemoglobin, platelet count, creatinine and blood pressure was noted between patients of group A and B. A significant decrease [p<0.05] in preterm delivery, baby birth weight and increase in fetal mortality was noted in patients of group B as compared to those of group A. Regarding maternal outcome preeclampsia [p=0.005, CI: 0.143-0.689], deranged liver functions [p=0.000, CI: 0.062-0.397], and disseminated intravascular coagulation [p=0.005; CI: 0.049-0.626] was noted in patients of group B as compared to group A. The patients of Group B showed a significant low birth weight, increased fetal mortality rate [p=0.005, CI: 0.030-0.622] and more chances of shifting neonates to NICU [p=0.002, CI: 0.164-0.667] as compared to those of group A. Hyperuricaemia in setting of gestational hypertension was associated with adverse fetal and maternal outcome

Ocorrência das síndromes hipertensivas na gravidez e fatores associados na região sudeste do Brasil / The occurrence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and associated factors in Southeastern Brazil

Introdução: A principal causa de mortes maternas no Brasil são as Síndromes Hipertensivas na Gravidez (SHG). Estudos têm focado nos fatores de risco para essas síndromes, entretanto são pequenos e localizados. Um estudo de maior abrangência poderia encontrar valores mais precisos e diferenças entre seus estratos. Objetivo: Estimar a frequência das SHG na região sudeste do Brasil. Descrever e analisar os fatores associados às síndromes hipertensivas na gravidez. Método: Este é um estudo transversal, parte integrante do Nascer no Brasil: Inquérito Nacional sobre Parto e Nascimento, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu entre Fevereiro de 2011 e Julho de 2012. A amostra do estudo foi composta por todas as mulheres entrevistadas pelo inquérito em toda a região Sudeste do Brasil, totalizando 10154 pares de mulheres e conceptos. Resultados: As mulheres tinham entre 10 e 54 anos, predominantemente pardas/mulatas/morenas, não possuíam ensino superior, pertenciam à classe econômica C, tiveram seus bebê em hospitais das capitais e possuíam companheiro(a). De todos os nascimentos, 52,1 por cento ocorreram por cesariana, e destas 69,2 por cento sem que a mulher entrasse em trabalho de parto. Quase metade (43,9 por cento) dos nascimentos aconteceram antes que a gestação completasse 39 semanas. 77,7 por cento das mulheres relatam ter um acompanhante ao seu lado em algum momento durante o trabalho de parto/parto. As SHG acometeram 17,6 por cento de todas as mulheres. Destas, 3,4 por cento possuíam hipertensão crônica e a incidência de eclâmpsia foi de 1,6 por cento. Após análise multivariada, permaneceram independentemente associadas às SHG as variáveis cor preta (OR 1,4), histórico pessoal de eclâmpsia (OR 2,8), primiparidade (OR 1,6), diabetes (OR 2,3), mulheres com sobrepeso (OR 1,8), obesidade (OR 4,4) e gestação múltipla (OR 2,9). As mulheres com baixo peso apresentaram associação protetora (OR 0,6) Conclusões: Pode-se concluir que o histórico pessoal de eclâmpsia, diabetes, obesidade e gestação múltipla foram as variáveis que apresentaram maior associação com as SHG

Introduction: The main cause of maternal deaths in Brazil is hypertensive syndromes in pregnancy (HSP). Studies have focused on risk factors for these syndromes, however most are small-scaled and localized. A population-based study on the other hand, could potentially find more accurate results and differences between strata. Objective: To describe and analyze the incidence of HSP and the occurrence of associated factors in the Southeast of Brazil. Method: This is a cross-sectional study, part of \"Birth in Brazil: National Survey into Labor and Birth\" a national epidemiological survey on birthing in Brazil. Data collection took place between February 2011 and July 2012. The study sample consisted of all women interviewed for the survey across the southeastern region of Brazil, totaling 10,154 pairs of women and fetuses. Results: The women were between 10 and 54 years of age, predominantly brown skinned, with no graduation, in economic class C, had their babies in the hospitals placed on the capital cities and had a partner. 52.1 per cent of births occurred by cesarean section, 36 per cent without the woman going into labor. Almost half (43.9 per cent) of births occurred before 39 weeks of completed gestation. 77.7 per cent of women reported having a companion only sometimes during labor/delivery. HSP occurred in 17.6 per cent of all women, 3.4 per cent had chronic hypertension and the incidence of eclampsia was 1.6 per cent. After multivariate analysis, the independent variables associated with HSP is black skin (OR 1.4), personal history of preeclampsia (OR 2.8), primiparity (OR 1.6), diabetes (OR 2.3), underweight (OR 0.6), overweight (OR 1.8), obesity (OR) and multiple gestations (OR 2.9). Conclusion: The population-based data shows that a personal history of eclampsia, diabetes, obesity and multiple pregnancies were the variables with greater association with HSP

Mortalidad materna: análisis de las tres demoras / Maternal mortality: analysis of the three delays

Analizar las características de la mortalidad materna ocurrida en el Distrito Capital durante los años 2008-2009, aplicando el modelo de las tres demoras. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal de las muertes maternas ocurridas durante el período enero 2008 - diciembre 2009. Se registraron 78 muertes maternas. La razón de mortalidad materna fue de 98,97 por cada 100 000 nacidos vivos para 2008 y 103,9 por cada 100 000 nacidos vivos para 2009. Predominaron las muertes de causa obstétrica directa (57,7 por ciento) representada por los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo (40 por ciento), hemorragias (31,1 por ciento) y sepsis (26,7 por ciento). La principal causa indirecta fue la sepsis (62,2 por ciento). La demora 3 fue identificada mayormente en las historias clínicas registradas (69,2 por ciento) seguida de la demora 1 (38,5 por ciento). Treinta pacientes ameritaron referencia a otros centros para la atención médica definitiva, la mayoría (80 por ciento) requirió una referencia y demoraron menos de seis horas en llegar al centro donde ocurrió la defunción (36,7 por ciento). Los principales motivos de referencia fueron no contar con atención obstétrica (33,3 por ciento) y no contar con terapia intensiva de adultos (26,6 por ciento). Un gran número de muertes fue catalogado como evitable (59 por ciento). La tasa de mortalidad materna es elevada, y resulta más alta que las cifras presentadas en Venezuela para el año 2007 (56,6 por ciento). Predomina la demora tres, por falta de personal médico especializado y necesidad de referencia a otro centro y en segundo lugar la demora 1 por identificación tardía de los síntomas

Analyze the characteristics of maternal mortality occurred in the Capital District for the 2008- 2009 years, applying the three delays model. Descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional study of maternal deaths during the period January 2008 - December 2009. 78 maternal deaths were recorded. The maternal mortality ratio was 98.97 for every 100 000 live births for 2008 and 103.9 per 100 000 live births for 2009. Predominated the deaths of direct obstetrical cause (57.7 percent) represented by the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (40 percent), hemorrhage (31.1 percent) and sepsis (26.7 percent). The main indirect cause was sepsis (62.2 percent). 3 Delay was identified mostly in the recorded histories (69.2 percent) followed by delay 1 (38.5 percent). Thirty patients deserved reference to other definitive medical care centers, the majority (80 percent) required a reference and took less than six hours to get to the Center where the death occurred (36.7 percent). The main reasons of reference were not having obstetric care (33.3 percent) and not count on intensive care for adults (26.6 percent). A large number of deaths were listed as avoidable (59 percent). The rate and maternal mortality is high, and is higher than the figures reported for the year 2007 (56.6 percent) in Venezuela. Predominant delay three, due to lack of specialized medical staff and need to refer to another center and secondly delay 1 by late identification of the symptoms

Applying the new concept of maternal near-miss in an intensive care unit

OBJECTIVES: The World Health Organization has recommended investigating near-misses as a benchmark practice for monitoring maternal healthcare and has standardized the criteria for diagnosis. We aimed to study maternal morbidity and mortality among women admitted to a general intensive care unit during pregnancy or in the postpartum period, using the new World Health Organization criteria. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 158 cases of severe maternal morbidity were classified according to their outcomes: death, maternal near-miss, and potentially life-threatening conditions. The health indicators for obstetrical care were calculated. A bivariate analysis was performed using the Chi-square test with Yate's correction or Fisher's exact test. A multiple regression analysis was used to calculate the crude and adjusted odds ratios, together with their respective 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Among the 158 admissions, 5 deaths, 43 cases of maternal near-miss, and 110 cases of potentially lifethreatening conditions occurred. The near-miss rate was 4.4 cases per 1,000 live births. The near-miss/death ratio was 8.6 near-misses for each maternal death, and the overall mortality index was 10.4%. Hypertensive syndromes were the main cause of admission (67.7% of the cases, 107/158); however, hemorrhage, mainly due to uterine atony and ectopic pregnancy complications, was the main cause of maternal near-misses and deaths (17/43 cases of near-miss and 2/5 deaths). CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension was the main cause of admission and of potentially life-threatening conditions; however, hemorrhage was the main cause of maternal near-misses and deaths at this institution, suggesting that delays may occur in implementing appropriate obstetrical care.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: frequency, maternal and fetal outcomes

To determine the frequency and distribution of different types of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and to determine the impact of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy [HDP] on maternal and fetal outcomes. A descriptive retrospective study. The study was conducted in the department of Gynaecology and Obstetric of Isra University Hospital Hyderabad from January to December 2007. All the patients who were diagnosed to have hypertensive disorders of pregnancy during study period were categorized as group I. One hundred nineteen women delivered during the same period without hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were included as group II. The data regarding demographic and obstetrical parameters, associated risk factors, fetal and maternal complications were gathered from available data on medical record files. Total number of deliveries during the same period was obtained. Frequency of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS V11. Pearson's chi square and student's t test was used for comparison of variables in between two groups. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. The frequency of Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was 8.9% in our study. The mean maternal age was 28.57 +/- 5.8 years and 26.56 +/- 5.0 years for group I and II respectively. Forty eight [76.2%] of group I patients were Unbooked for antenatal care, 37[58.7%] belonged to poor socioeconomic status and 82[45.1%] were multipara. Statistically significant difference was found for antenatal booking status [P. 0.04] and socioeconomic status [P. 0.01] and parity [P 0.04] in both groups. Twenty three [36.5%] patients from group I had past history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, while it was reported only by 8[6.7%] of group II patients. It was observed that women with HDP have strong family history of hypertension [P. <0.001]. Regarding maternal outcome more patients from group I were shifted to ICU as compared to group II. Maternal mortality was significantly high in group I [P <0.001]. The mean gestational age was 35.29 +/- 2.6 weeks and 38.03 +/- 1.3 weeks in group I and II respectively. The mean birth weight of baby was 2.5 +/- 0.73 kilograms and 2.8 +/- 0.41kilograms in group I and II respectively. Statistically significant difference was observed in both groups for mean gestational age [P<0.001] and mean birth weight of baby [P<0.001]. Statistically significant difference was observed for Preterm birth, Still born, Neonatal death and admission of newborn in neonatal intensive care unit [P <0.001], [P <0.001], [P <0.001], [P<0.001] respectively. The Perinatal mortality was 230/1000 births in group I, while it was 40/1000 in group II. Frequency of HDP is high in our set up. It is associated with high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality

Eclampsia: morbilidad y mortalidad materna y perinatal / Eclampsia: maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality

Evaluar el impacto de la eclampsia sobre la morbilidad y mortalidad materno fetal. Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y longitudinal, incluyó 102 pacientes con diagnóstico de trastorno hipertensivo del embarazo tipo eclampsia durante 2006-2007. Se utilizó una hoja de registro que contenía las variables del presente estudio. Unidad de Medicina Materno Fetal, Maternidad "Concepción Palacios", Caracas. En este período se atendió un total de 28 617 partos, de los cuales 102 (0,35 por ciento) presentaron eclampsia. Los principales síntomas fueron cefalea (57,84 por ciento) e hipertensión (85,29 por ciento), la convulsión se presentó anteparto en el 63,72 por ciento, la principal complicación fue síndrome HELLP en 38,23 por ciento. Un 80,48. por ciento de los neonatos nacieron vivos y la mortalidad perinatal fue de 18,75 por ciento. La eclampsia es una causa importante de morbi-mortalidad materna y perinatal

To evaluate the impact of eclampsia on maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Retrospective, descriptive and longitudinal study, that included 102 patients with diagnostic hypertensive distress of pregnancy eclampsia’s type during 2006-2007. A record sheet containing the variables of the study was used. Unidad de Medicina Materno Fetal, Maternidad "Concepcion Palacios", Caracas. During the study period 28 617 deliveries were attended, from which 102 (0.35 percent) presented eclampsia. The main symtoms were headache (57.84 percent) and hypertension (85.29 percent), seizure appreas before delivery in 63.72 percent, the main complication was HELLP syndrome in 38.23 percent. The 80-48 percent of the neonates were born alive and perinatal mortality was 18.75 percent. Eclampsia is an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbi-mortaliy

Morte materna por hipertensão no Estado de Santa Catarina / Maternal death rate related to hypertension in Santa Catarina State

Objetivo: Esse trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o coeficiente de Morte Materna por hipertensão nos anos de 1996 a 2005 no estado de Santa Catarina. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo retrospectivo. A fonte oficial relativa aos óbitos maternos estudados é o Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade, tendo sido utilizada as bases de óbitos de residentes em Santa Catarina no período de 1996 a 2005. O número de nascidos vivos foi obtido a partir da base de dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos. Calculou-se o Coeficiente de Mortalidade Materna geral e o relacionado a distúrbios hipertensivos e a porcentagem de óbitos relacionados aos distúrbios hipertensivos no total geral. Resultados: No período do estudo ocorreram 79 óbitos maternos relacionados à hipertensão. Esse número corresponde a 20 % do total de óbitos maternos ocorridos. O coeficiente de mortalidade materna geral no período do estudo foi de 43,3 por 100000 nascidos vivos e o de mortalidade materna relacionada à hipertensão foi de 8,6 por 100000 nascidos vivos. Conclusões: As mortes maternas por hipertensão ainda representam 20% das mortes maternas no estado. Sabe-se que as complicações da hipertensão gestacional são passíveis de prevenção com a ampliação da cobertura pré-natal, preparação do pessoal de assistência (incluindo atenção primária), diagnóstico precoce de pacientes de alto risco e um sistema de referência eficaz e rápido para centros de atenção terciária.

Objective: To evaluate the maternal death rate related to hypertension from 1996 to 2005 in Santa Catarina State. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was made. The official source of maternal death is the Information System about Mortality. The database of deaths in Santa Catarina state from 1996 to 2005 was used. The number of born alive was gathered from the Information System about Born Alive databases. The general and hypertension maternal death rates are calculated along with the general death rate related to hypertension. Results: During the studied time 79 maternal deaths related to hypertension occurred. This number represents 20% of maternal deaths in the period. The general maternal death rate in the period was 43.3 by 100,000 born alive and the one related to hypertension was 8.6 by 100,000 born alive. Conclusions: Maternal deaths related to hypertension still represent 20% of maternal death in the state. It is known that the complications of gestational hypertension may be prevented by the broadening of prenatal coverage, training of personnel, early diagnosis of high risk patients and a quick and efficient reference system on the third health-attention level.

Avaliação epidemiológica da ocorrência de insuficiência renal aguda na síndrome HELLP em um Hospital Geral no Oeste do Paraná / Epidemiological evaluation of acute renal failure occurrence in HELLP syndrome in General Hospital in West Paraná

Introdução: A síndrome HELLP é a mais frequente causa de insuficiência renal aguda gestacional e apresenta uma alta morbimortalidade maternal eperinatal. Métodos: Pacientes com síndrome HELLP foram identificadas em um estudo retrospectivo entre julho de 2002 e julho de 2005 no HospitalUniversitário do Oeste do Paraná. Resultados: Síndrome HELLP ocorreu em 12 casos (0,2%) de um total de 6000 partos. Insuficiência renal aguda foi diagnosticada em oito pacientes (66,7%), sendo que uma necessitou de diálise e evoluiu para óbito. Quanto aos recém-nascidos, o peso médio foi 1500+ 113 g, variando de 200 a 2940 g. Membrana hialina ocorreu em 25% dos casos; a taxa de mortalidade foi de 33,4%. Conclusões: Insuficiência renalaguda é freqüente na síndrome HELLP e contribui para a morbimortalidade materno-fetal.

Introduction: HELLP syndrome (HS) is the most frequent cause of obstetric acute renal failure and has a high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality rate. Methods: Patients with HELLP syndrome were identified in a retrospective study between July 2002 and July 2005 at the Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná. Results: HS was diagnosed in twelve (0.2%) patients of 6000 deliveries. Acute renal failure (ARF) was found in eight (66.7%) patients with HS. Dialysis was required in one patient who had an unfavorable course. The mean body weight of the newborns was 1.500 + 113 g (200 to 2.940 g).The frequency of hyaline membrane disease was 25%; the mortalility rate was 33.4%. Conclusions: Acute renal failure is frequent in HS and can beassociated with higher maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Proteinúria nas síndromes hipertensivas da gestação: prognóstico materno e perinatal / Proteinuria in hypertensive syndrome of pregnancy: maternal and perinatal outcome

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o valor prognóstico da proteinúria nas gestantes com síndromes hipertensivas nos desfechos maternos e perinatais. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal retrospectivo de 334 gestantes com síndromes hipertensivas que pariram no Hospital São Paulo na disciplina de Obstetrícia da UNIFESP/EPM, no período de 1° de janeiro de 1999 a 31 de dezembro de 2002. RESULTADOS: Após a revisão dos prontuários, as pacientes foram divididas em quatro grupos: I sem proteinúria (n-203), II com proteinúria de 0,3 a 1g (n-39), III de 1 a 2g (n-45) e grupo IV de 2g ou mais (n-47). Na ausência da proteinúria houve um caso de descolamento prematuro da placenta. Com proteinúria observou-se desfechos maternos adversos, com a presença das complicações, proporcional à elevação da proteinúria, sendo a síndrome HELLP a mais freqüente com 30,5 por cento (40/131) seguida da eclâmpsia com 3,8 por cento (5/131), DPP 3,01 por cento (4/131) e insuficiência renal 0,7 por cento (1/131). Foi constatado um óbito materno nesse grupo, perfazendo-se o CMM de 763100.000/n.v. Em relação aos desfechos perinatais, no grupo sem proteinúria não houve elevação dos efeitos adversos. Na presença da proteinúria e a elevação dos seus níveis observou-se pior prognóstico perinatal com os seguintes indicadores: aumento da prematuridade (62,2 por cento vs 11,5 por cento), recém-nascidos com peso < 2500g (6,5 por cento vs 1,5 por cento), Apgar < 7 no 5° minuto (30,4 por cento vs 3,5 por cento), restrição de crescimento intra-útero (41,9 por cento vs 6,5 por cento), cuidados intensivos na unidade neonatal (59,8 por cento vs 15,5 por cento), natimortos (14,4 por cento vs 1,4 por cento), e óbitos neonatais (6,1 por cento vs 0,98 por cento). O coeficiente de mortalidade perinatal foi maior com proteinúria (175 vs 19,7) e, quando > 2g (297,8 vs 19,7). CONCLUSÕES: A presença da proteinúria e a elevação dos seus níveis, aumentaram as complicações maternas, principalmente a síndrome HELLP e eclâmpsia. Observou-se incidência de complicações perinatais com elevação significativamente maior da prematuridade, recém-nascidos com Apgar < 7, peso < 2500g, CIUR, natimortos e óbitos neonatais.