Influence of population and exercise protocol characteristics on hemodynamic determinants of post-aerobic exercise hypotension

Due to differences in study populations and protocols, the hemodynamic determinants of post-aerobic exercise hypotension (PAEH) are controversial. This review analyzed the factors that might influence PAEH hemodynamic determinants, through a search on PubMed using the following key words: “postexercise” or “post-exercise” combined with “hypotension”, “blood pressure”, “cardiac output”, and “peripheral vascular resistance”, and “aerobic exercise” combined only with “blood pressure”. Forty-seven studies were selected, and the following characteristics were analyzed: age, gender, training status, body mass index status, blood pressure status, exercise intensity, duration and mode (continuous or interval), time of day, and recovery position. Data analysis showed that 1) most postexercise hypotension cases are due to a reduction in systemic vascular resistance; 2) age, body mass index, and blood pressure status influence postexercise hemodynamics, favoring cardiac output decrease in elderly, overweight, and hypertensive subjects; 3) gender and training status do not have an isolated influence; 4) exercise duration, intensity, and mode also do not affect postexercise hemodynamics; 5) time of day might have an influence, but more data are needed; and 6) recovery in the supine position facilitates systemic vascular resistance decrease. In conclusion, many factors may influence postexercise hypotension hemodynamics, and future studies should directly address these specific influences because different combinations may explain the observed variability in postexercise hemodynamic studies.

Hipotensão pós-exercício em indivíduos hipertensos: uma revisão / A review on post-exercise hypotension in hypertensive individuals / Hipotensión post-ejercicio en individuos hipertensos: una revisión

Após uma sessão de exercícios físicos, pode ocorrer hipotensão pós-exercício (HPE). Esse efeito possui elevada relevância clínica em hipertensos. Embora a literatura reporte vários estudos sobre o tema, ainda falta uma análise sobre o estado da arte, considerando-se os diferentes tipos de exercícios. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar, por meio de uma revisão na literatura, a relação entre o exercício aeróbio e o resistido na HPE em hipertensos. Para tanto, realizaram-se buscas nas bases Scielo e Medline, considerando os estudos em inglês e a amostra de humanos adultos hipertensos os principais critérios de inclusão. Foram encontrados 126 estudos. Porém, fizeram parte das análises 32 artigos, dos quais cinco envolveram o exercício resistido, e 27, o exercício aeróbio. Sobre o exercício resistido, embora os estudos utilizassem modelos diferentes de prescrição, houve HPE principalmente no ambiente laboratorial. Após o exercício aeróbio, observou-se HPE por maiores períodos de tempo. Contudo, ocorrem conflitos sobre a melhor intensidade e duração para a prescrição dessa atividade. Portanto, aparentemente, ocorrem maiores reduções na pressão arterial após o exercício aeróbio em comparação com o exercício resistido em hipertensos. Não obstante, para maiores conclusões, são necessários estudos que acompanhem a pressão arterial de forma ambulatorial.

Post-exercise hypotension (PEH) may follow a session of physical exercises. This effect has high clinical relevance for hypertensive individuals. Although there are several studies on the subject, an analysis is still lacking on a state-of-art approach considering different types of exercises. Using a review of literature, the aim of this paper was to verify the relationship between aerobic exercise and resistance exercise in PEH in hypertensive people. For the purpose of this study, Scielo and Medlinedatabases were surveyed, and the main inclusion criteria were studies on the subject in English language and a sample of hypertensive adults. One hundred and twenty-six studies were found. However, only 32 papers, 5 of which on resistance exercise and 27 on aerobic exercise were used for this study. Although the studies surveyed used different prescription models for resistance exercise, PEH was observed mainly in the laboratory setting. After aerobic exercise, it was noted that PEH occurred for longer periods. However, there are differences of opinion as to the best intensity and duration of the exercise to be prescribed. Therefore, in hypertensive individuals declines in arterial pressure following aerobic exercise are apparently greater than those observed with resistance exercise. Nevertheless, in order to achieve sounder conclusions, further studies on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring should be conducted.

Después de una sesión de ejercicios físicos, puede ocurrir hipotensión post-ejercicio (HPE). Ese efecto posee una elevada relevancia clínica en los hipertensos. Aunque la literatura reporte varios estudios sobre el tema, todavía nos queda realizar un análisis más profundo teniendo en cuenta los diferentes tipos de ejercicios.Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue verificar, por medio de una revisión en la literatura, la relación entre el ejercicio aeróbico y el resistido en la HPE en hipertensos. Para eso se realizaron búsquedas en las bases Scielo y Medline, considerando los estudios en inglés y en la muestra de humanos adultos hipertensos los principales criterios de inclusión. Fueron encontrados 126 estudios. Sin embargo, formaron parte de los análisis 32 artículos, de los cuales cinco involucraban el ejercicio resistido y 27 el ejercicio aeróbico. Sobre el ejercicio resistido, aunque los estudios utilizasen modelos diferentes de prescripción, hubo HPE principalmente en el ambiente laboratorial. Después del ejercicio aeróbico, se observó HPE por mayores períodos de tiempo. Pero también ocurren conflictos sobre la mejor intensidad y duración para la prescripción de esa actividad. Aparentemente, ocurren mayores reducciones en la presión arterial después del ejercicio aeróbico en comparación con el ejercicio resistido en hipertensos. Sin embargo, para arribar a conclusiones más efectivas, se hacen precisos estudios que acompañen la presión arterial de forma ambulatorial.