Desenlace fatal en embarazadas contagiadas con la COVID-19 / Fatal outcome wiht pregnant and COVID-19

Introducción: Múltiples han sido las muertes y contagios por el nuevo coronavirus. En medio de este contexto el contagio de la enfermedad en pacientes embarazadas ha sido bien documentado. Objetivo: Presentar los eventos ocurridos en embarazadas para transmitir la experiencia a quienes tratan estas pacientes. Presentación del caso: Se expone el caso de una gestante de 24 años, obesa, con embarazo de 25 semanas. Fue ingresada con neumonía por COVID-19 y evolución hacia la insuficiencia respiratoria grave que fallece durante la cesárea. Se recibió en el quirófano con hipoxemia e hipercapnia, taquicardia, cianosis, oliguria y ventilada a presión positiva con oxígeno al 100 %. Se conduce con ketamina, fentanilo y rocuronio. A los 35 min, y posterior a la histerotomía, presentó bradicardia progresiva, por lo que se inicia compresiones torácicas externas y tratamiento farmacológico. Se recuperó el ritmo sinusal a los 12 min, pero recidiva la parada en asistolia a los 20 min, con cianosis en esclavina. Se implementó compresiones y administración de epinefrina hasta fallecer 30 min después por no recuperación de ritmo y signos ciertos de la muerte. Conclusiones: La atención multidisciplinaria mejora las condiciones de tratamiento en todas las etapas. El manejo anestésico individualizado ofrece una estrategia invaluable en casos como estos, independientemente del resultado. El tromboembolismo pulmonar en la gestante es un riesgo latente y asociado a la COVID-19, incrementa, exponencialmente, su letalidad.

Introduction: Multiple deaths and infections due to the new coronavirus have occurred. In the midst of this context, the spread of the disease in pregnant patients has been well documented. Objective: Present the events that occurred in pregnant women, in order to share the experience with those who treat these patients. Presentation of the case: The case of a 24-year-old pregnant woman, obese, with a pregnancy of 25 weeks is presented. She was admitted with COVID-19 pneumonia and evolution towards severe respiratory failure led to her death during cesarean section. She was received in the operating room with hypoxemia and hypercapnia, tachycardia, cyanosis, oliguria and ventilated at positive pressure with 100% oxygen. She was treated with ketamine, fentanyl and rocuronium. At 35 min, and after hysterotomy, she presented progressive bradycardia, so external chest compressions and pharmacological treatment were initiated. The sinus rhythm was recovered at 12 min, but the asystole stop relapsed at 20 min, with cyanosis. Compressions and administration of epinephrine were implemented until death 30 minutes later due to non-recovery of rhythm and certain signs of death. Conclusions: Multidisciplinary care improves treatment conditions at all stages. Individualized anesthetic management offers an invaluable strategy in cases like these, regardless of the outcome. Pulmonary thromboembolism in pregnant women is a latent risk associated with COVID-19, exponentially increasing its lethality.

Retos durante la realización de cesáreas perimorten / Challenges during the performance of perimortem cesarean section

Introducción: El paro cardiaco en gestantes y la cesárea perimorten son infrecuentes. Estas constituyen catástrofes médicas que precisan atención inmediata. Realizar este proceder según normas adecuadas brinda mejores opciones a la madre y el feto. Cuba presta especial atención al binomio materno fetal, para ello emplea grandes recursos humanos y tecnológicos. Objetivo: Actualizar la información acerca de cesárea perimorten. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión en bases de datos que permitiese encontrar descripciones epidemiológicas, informes de casos, series de casos, comunicaciones personales, y estudios en diferentes contextos sanitarios, los cuales sirvieran de evidencia científica del tema. Resultados: El paro cardiaco en embarazadas es un evento infrecuente, la realización de una cesárea perimorten con tiempo reducido (4-5 min) resultó una opción efectiva. El trabajo del equipo multidisciplinario basado en protocolos tiene una función que beneficia tanto a la madre como al feto. Actualmente se recomienda el concepto de histerotomía resucitadora que refleja la optimización de los esfuerzos realizados en la reanimación. La muerte materna por anestesia es una emergencia médica que requiere especial atención. Existen asociaciones médicas que preconizan las escalas de cuidados precoces en gestantes graves, con un entrenamiento actualizado y con estrategias novedosas para obtener mejores resultados. Conclusiones: El estudio del paro cardiaco en gestantes, la cesárea perimorten y la muerte materna relacionada con la anestesia son importantes. La creación de grupos multidisciplinarios y grupos bien entrenados son la mejor opción en estas circunstancias. Se recomienda incrementar el estudio y entrenamiento para ofrecer las mejores opciones al binomio materno-fetal(AU)

Introduction: Cardiac arrest in pregnant women and perimortem cesarean section are rare. These are medical catastrophes that require immediate attention. Performing this procedure according to adequate standards provides better options for both the mother and the fetus. Cuba pays special attention to the maternal-fetal binomial, for which large amounts of human and technological resources are used. Objective: To update the information about perimortem cesarean section. Methods: A database review was carried out to find epidemiological descriptions, case reports, case series, personal communications, and studies in different health contexts, which would serve as scientific evidence on the subject. Results: Cardiac arrest in pregnant women is a rare event; the performance of a perimortem cesarean section with reduced time (4-5 min) was an effective option. The work of the multidisciplinary team based on protocols has a function that benefits both the mother and the fetus. Currently, the concept of resuscitative hysterotomy is recommended, which reflects the optimization of the resuscitation efforts. Maternal death by anesthesia is a medical emergency that requires special attention. There are medical associations that advocate the scales of early care in pregnant women, with updated training and innovative strategies to obtain better outcomes. Conclusions: The study of cardiac arrest in pregnant women, perimortem caesarean section and anesthesia-related maternal death are important. The creation of multidisciplinary groups and well-trained groups are the best option in these circumstances. It is recommended to increase the study and training to offer the best options to the maternal-fetal binomial(AU)

A polêmica da histerorrafia na operação cesariana / The polemic of hysterorraphy on caesarean section

A histerorrafia no parto cesáreo constitui tempo cirúrgico nobre, pois a adequada cicatrização uterina poderá evitar as nefastas conseqüências da ruptura uterina, para a mãe e concepto, em futura gestação e parto. Essa técnica de sutura, entretanto, não apresenta uniformidade plena na literatura. Os métodos subsidiários de avaliação do estado da cicatriz uterina também não têm se mostrado eficientes e práticos. Há preferência pela utilização de fios absorvíveis sintéticos, principalmente em função da menor reação tecidual que promovem. Não é consenso, mas prevalece a opinião de que um único plano com sutura contínua tem melhor relação custo/benefício. A técnica de histerorrafia na cesariana também poderá variar de acordo com o grau de urgência e volume de sangramento no momento do procedimento.

The hysteroraphy in the caesarean section constitutes a right time surgical procedure, as the adequate uterine cicatrization will prevent the uterine rupture undesirable effects for the mother and concepto, future gestation and childbirth. This suture technique, however, does not present full uniformity in literature. The subsidiary evaluation methods on the state of the uterine scar have not been shown efficient and practical. There is preference for the synthetic absorvible thread use, mainly in relation to the lesser tecidual reaction that is promoted. It is not a consensus, but the prevailing opinion is that there is better cost/benefit relation in an only plan with continuous suture. The technique of hysterorraphy in the cesarian section may also vary according to the urgency level and bleeding volume at the procedure time.

Acupuncture analgesia in obstetric surgery in Alexandria. A preliminary report on 19 cases of lower segment caesarean sections and one case of abdominal hysterotomy and stcrilizatoin

Acupuncture analgcsisa was tried in 19 cases of lower segment Caesorean sections and one case of abdominal hysterotomy and sterilization. The technique Proved to be simple, safe and reliable especially when traditional anaesthsia proves to be risk