RESUMO
Background: The enzymes utilized in the process of beer production are generally sensitive to higher temperatures. About 60% of them are deactivated in drying the malt that limits the utilization of starting material in the fermentation process. Gene transfer from thermophilic bacteria is a promising tool for producing barley grains harboring thermotolerant enzymes. Results: Gene for α-amylase from hydrothermal Thermococcus, optimally active at 7585°C and pH between 5.0 and 5.5, was adapted in silico to barley codon usage. The corresponding sequence was put under control of the endosperm-specific promoter 1Dx5 and after synthesis and cloning transferred into barley by biolistics. In addition to model cultivar Golden Promise we transformed three Slovak barley cultivars Pribina, Levan and Nitran, and transgenic plants were obtained. Expression of the ~50 kDa active recombinant enzyme in grains of cvs. Pribina and Nitran resulted in retaining up to 9.39% of enzyme activity upon heating to 75°C, which is more than 4 times higher compared to non-transgenic controls. In the model cv. Golden Promise the grain α-amylase activity upon heating was above 9% either, however, the effects of the introduced enzyme were less pronounced (only 1.22 fold difference compared with non-transgenic barley). Conclusions: Expression of the synthetic gene in barley enhanced the residual α-amylase activity in grains at high temperatures.
Assuntos
Sementes/enzimologia , Hordeum/enzimologia , Thermococcus/metabolismo , alfa-Amilases/metabolismo , Sementes/genética , Sementes/microbiologia , Transformação Genética , Hordeum/genética , Hordeum/microbiologia , Cerveja , Estabilidade Enzimática , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/enzimologia , Clonagem Molecular , Técnicas de Transferência de Genes , alfa-Amilases/genética , Fermentação , Termotolerância , Temperatura Alta , Concentração de Íons de HidrogênioRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre resiliência e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal, por meio de uma abordagem hierárquica baseada em um modelo teórico conceitual em uma coorte de idosos do Rio Grande do Sul. MÉTODOS: Foi conduzido um estudo transversal aninhado a um estudo de coorte, em 2008. Foram avaliados 498 idosos de Carlos Barbosa, Rio Grande do Sul. As medidas avaliadas foram sociodemográficas, comportamentos de saúde, qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal, medida pelo Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), Escala de Resiliência e CPOD. A associação entre o potencial de resiliência e os impactos na percepção de saúde bucal relacionados à qualidade de vida foi verificada por meio de regressão binomial negativa. Razões das médias (RM) são apresentadas com seus intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). RESULTADOS: Maiores médias do OHIP foram encontradas entre mulheres (6,7 ± 6,3; p = 0,011), moradores da zona rural (7,3 ± 6,7; p = 0,004) e solteiros (8,0 ± 6,3; p = 0,032). O modelo final da análise multivariada mostrou que ser morador da zona rural (RM = 1,32; IC95% 1,06 - 1,65) e casado (RM = 1,36; IC95% 1,07 - 1,72) foram variáveis independentemente associadas à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal. Não houve associação entre resiliência e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que variáveis sociodemográficas estão associados à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal. A hipótese de que a resiliência pudesse exercer um papel importante no desfecho não foi confirmada. .
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between psychological resilience and oral health related to quality of life through a hierarchical approach based on a conceptual theoretical model in a cohort of elderly residents in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort study in 2008. We evaluated 498 elderly residents in Carlos Barbosa, Rio Grande do Sul. The measures included sociodemographic questionnaire, health behavior, quality of life related to oral health (OHRQOL), measured by the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), Resilience Scale, and DMFT. The association between resilience and potential impacts on perceptions of oral health-related quality of life was assessed through negative binomial regression. Mean ratios (MR) are presented with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: Higher means of OHIP were found in women 6.7 ± 6.3; p = 0.011), in rural dwellers (7.3 ± 6.7; p = 0.004) and singles (8.0 ± 6.3; p = 0.032). The final model of multivariate analysis showed that being a rural dweller (MR = 1.32; 95%CI 1.06 - 1.65) and being married (MR = 1.36; 95%CI 1.07 - 1.72) were independently associated with OHRQOL. There was no association between resilience and OHRQOL. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that factors such as sociodemographic variables are associated with OHRQOL. The hypothesis that resilience might play a role in the outcome has not been confirmed. .
Assuntos
Fusarium/genética , Genoma Fúngico , Polimorfismo Genético , DNA Fúngico , Evolução Molecular , Fusarium/fisiologia , Hordeum/microbiologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mutação Puntual , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Eight endophytic isolates assigned to Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, and Bacillus genera according to pheno-genotypic features were retrieved from barley seeds under selective pressure for nitrogen-fixers. Genetic relationships among related isolates were investigated through RAPD. Six isolates displayed nitrogen-fixing ability, while all could biosynthesize indolacetic acid in vitro and showed no antibiosis effects against Azospirillum brasilense Az39, a recognized PGPR.
Assuntos
Azospirillum brasilense/isolamento & purificação , Bacillus/isolamento & purificação , Endófitos/isolamento & purificação , Hordeum/microbiologia , Fixação de Nitrogênio , Pseudomonas/isolamento & purificação , Sementes/microbiologia , Antibiose , Azospirillum brasilense/classificação , Azospirillum brasilense/genética , Azospirillum brasilense/metabolismo , Bacillus/classificação , Bacillus/genética , Bacillus/metabolismo , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Endófitos/classificação , Endófitos/genética , Endófitos/metabolismo , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismo , Tipagem Molecular , Pseudomonas/classificação , Pseudomonas/genética , Pseudomonas/metabolismo , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico , /genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Twenty five plant species were screened for their volatile components against hyphal growth and sclerotia formation of Sclerotium rolfsii causing foot rot disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Leaves of Chenopodium ambrosioides (CA), Lippia alba (LA), Azadirachta indica (AI) and Eucalyptus globulus (EG) were found to be strongly toxic. Their volatile active factors were isolated in the form of essential oils which were tested for toxicity individually and in six combinations (1:1 v/v) viz. CA-LA, LA-AI, CA-AI, CA-EG, and EG-AI. The oil combinations were found to be more fungitoxic than the individual oils. The CA-LA, LA-AI, EG-AI, and CA-EG combinations exhibited a broad fnngitoxic spectrum while CA-AI, LA-EG combinations possessed a narrow range of toxicity. None of the six oil combinations showed phytotoxic behaviour on seed germination, seedling growth and general morphology of Hordeum vulgare.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Basidiomycota/efeitos dos fármacos , Hordeum/microbiologia , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Se cultivaron 10 cepas mexicanas de PlPleurotus ostreatus sobre pulpa de café y paja de cebada, las cuales se aislaron a partir de especímenes que crecían en forma silvestre sobre diversos substratos en al región de Xalapa. Ver. Las cepas variaron en cuanto a la producción de cuerpos fructíferos frescos y eficiencia biológicas obtenidas se registraron con la cepa INIREB-21 (138.13%) en la pulpa de café y con la cepa INIREB-26 (96.04%) en la paja de cebada. El tiempo para producir los primeros primordios de fructificación y para el desarrollo completo de los cuerpos fructíferos, fué menor en paja de cebada que en pulpa de café