Rinoplastia secundaria: infección nasal en el postoperatorio / Secondary rhinoplasty: postoperative nasal infection

La rinoplastia es una de las intervenciones más comunes en cirugía plástica. Se opera aquí una rinoplastia secundaria por vía abierta injertando los alares y la punta con cartílagos auriculares, mientras el tabique cartilaginoso fue usado para los spreader grafts. Se describe aquí una infección posoperatoria de su punta nasal. Al 9no día de su posoperatorio comienza con la punta nasal congestiva y levemente inflamada. Se medica con una crema con antibióticos, pero el día 14 aparece con la punta nasal muy inflamada y con colección. Cuando en el consultorio el cirujano la ve, como cualquier absceso, decide realizarle drenaje con un trocar 18G, 3 miniincisiones en la piel debajo de la punta nasal, de la que drena un líquido amarronado. Luego con el mismo trocar se realiza un lavado dentro de la cavidad con rifampicina solución. Se medica con trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol (Bactrimforte®) 2 comp/día. Al otro día se observa una notable mejoría. Se continuó con lavado diario durante 4 días con el mismo antibiótico evolucionando rápidamente bien. El Bactrim se lo continúa por 20 días. Al mes la punta nasal está muy bien, deshinchada con cicatrices apenas visibles. A los cuatro meses, la punta está muy blanda, las alas nasales y las narinas normales, la punta con buena proyección igual que el dorso con los spreader graft.

Rhinoplasty is one of the most common interventions in plastic surgery. A secondary open rhinoplasty was carried out grafting the allae and the tip of the nose with conchae cartilage, while the septum was used for spreader grafts. We are here describing this post operatory with a tip of the nose infection.In the control, at the 9th postoperative day, the nasal tip began to be congested and at the 14th post op day the patient showed a clear inflammatory collection. In the office, the surgeon decided to evacuate it with three punctureslike little incisions at the inferior part of the skin tip with a trocar 18G. Through them, drained brownish purulent secretion. With the same trocar, rifampicin solution was injected through these little incisions, like washing the subdermal area. It was medicated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim forte®) 2 tablets/day. The following day, there was a clear improvement in the congestion and erythema of the nose. This procedure of washing was repeated for four days. There was a quick evolution of the inflammatory process and 20 more days, there was no sign of the infection. Four months later, the tip of the nose was soft and the result was considered optimal by the patient and doctors.

Lineamientos técnicos para el manejo seguro de dispositivos invasivos y del sitio quirúrgico en la prevención de infecciones / Technical Guidelines for the Safe Management of Invasive Devices and Surgical Sites in Infection Prevention

Las infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud (IAAS), son infecciones locales o sistémicas contraídas durante la hospitalización o durante la atención ambulatoria en los servicios de salud, que se constituyen en un problema de salud pública importante debido a la frecuencia con que se producen, la morbilidad y mortalidad que provocan y la carga que imponen a los pacientes, al personal de salud y a los sistemas de salud. Los presentes lineamientos técnicos establecen las disposiciones necesarias para el manejo seguro de dispositivos invasivos y del sitio quirúrgico, con la finalidad de fortalecer las intervenciones del personal de salud, en los establecimientos de salud del SNIS, evitar errores durante la atención, detectar oportunamente factores de riesgo relacionados con el uso y mantenimiento de los dispositivos e incidir inmediatamente en ellos, mejorando la calidad de atención y reduciendo las tasas de incidencia de morbimortalidad relacionada al uso y mantenimiento de los mismos

Infections associated with health care (IAAS) are local or systemic infections contracted during hospitalization or during outpatient health care, which constitute a major public health problem because of the frequency with which they occur, the morbidity and mortality they cause and the burden they impose on patients, health personnel and health systems. These technical guidelines establish the necessary provisions for the safe management of invasive devices and the surgical site, with the aim of strengthening the interventions of health personnel, in the health facilities of the SNIS, avoid errors during care, detect timely risk factors related to the use and maintenance of the devices and immediately affect them, improving the quality of care and reducing the incidence of morbidity and mortality related to their use and maintenance

Lineamientos técnicos para la vigilancia prevención y control de las infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud en recién nacidos / Technical guidelines for the prevention and control of infections associated with health care in newborns

Estos lineamientos técnicos han sido elaborados con la participación de representantes de los diferentes actores e instituciones del Sistema Nacional Integrado de Salud, incluyendo distintas especialidades y disciplinas como infectología, neonatología, pediatría, salud pública y enfermería. Y el propósito es de proveer al equipo local de control de infecciones, una guía adecuada para la identificación, control y prevención de las infecciones hospitalarias asociadas a la atención del neonato

These technical guidelines have been developed with the participation of representatives of the different actors and institutions of the National Integrated Health System, including different specialties and disciplines such as infectology, neonatology, pediatrics, public health and nursing. And the purpose is to provide the local infection control team with adequate guidance for the identification, control and prevention of hospital infections associated with neonatal care

Serum ferritin and PELOD-2 scores in Critically Ill Septic Children - A cross-sectional single-center study

Objective@#This study aims to assess the correlation of ferritin serum level and PELOD-2 score, and determine the effectiveness of ferritin serum level as early indicator of organ dysfunction.@*Methods@#This was a cross-sectional study carried out to pediatric patients with sepsis in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Haji Adam Malik and Universitas Sumatera Utara hospital from June 2021 – January 2022. Complete blood work was done, and ferritin serum level and PELOD-2 score were measured on the first and third day of hospital stay of all the sixty participants aged 1-18 years old with sepsis. The correlation was measured using Spearman test, with p<0.05 indicating a significant correlation.@*Results@#The median level of serum ferritin level was 480 (24.7 – 22652) ng/mL. There were 20% patients with ferritin level <200 ng/mL, 26.7% with ferritin level 200-500 ng/mL, and 53.3% patients with ferritin >500 ng/mL. The median score of PELOD-2 was 4. There was a significant correlation of serum ferritin and PELOD-2 score on day 1 of hospital stay.@*Conclusion@#The ferritin serum level is effective as an early indicator of organ dysfunction until PELOD-2 score is established. There is a positive correlation between serum ferritin and PELOD-2 score. There is a link between elevated ferritin and worse disease prognosis.

Reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior: incidencia de infecciones y trombosis venosa profunda en una serie de 714 casos consecutivos / ACL reconstruction. Incidence of Infection and deep venous thrombosis. 714 case series

Introducción: La reconstrucción artroscópica del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) tiene un bajo índice de complicaciones postoperatorias. Cuando se presenta una infección en el postoperatorio inmediato, tanto el cirujano como el paciente se enfrentan a un escenario complejo y de difícil aceptación, que en algunos casos tiene consecuencias graves. En este contexto es importante conocer la incidencia reportada en la literatura para compararla con lo que ocurre en nuestras instituciones. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar la incidencia de infección en una serie de casos consecutivos de reconstrucciones de LCA. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo del período comprendido entre enero de 2015 y diciembre de 2017, donde se evaluó la incidencia de infección en una serie consecutiva de reconstrucciones de LCA. Fueron evaluados un total de setecientos catorce pacientes: seiscientos veintinueve masculinos y ochenta y cinco femeninos con un promedio de edad de veintiocho años (15-50).Resultados: de los setecientos catorce casos analizados, se encontraron seis infecciones postquirúrgicas (dos profundas y cuatro superficiales). Conclusiones: la incidencia de infección aguda postoperatoria luego de reconstrucción artroscópica del LCA fue del 0.84%, similar a lo reportado en la literatura. Se observó un franco predominio de infecciones en las reconstrucciones de LCA con injerto de isquiotibiales con respecto al resto de los injertos. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: Complication rate of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is low. Post-operative infection place both, the surgeon and patient in a difficult situation with an unknown outcome and possible serious sequalae. It is important to investigate the incidence of these complications in our institutions to compare them with existing literature. The aim of this study is to report the incidence of infection in a consecutive case series of ACL reconstruction. Materials and methods: retrospective study of consecutive ACL reconstructions performed between January 2015 to December 2017. The incidence of infection was evaluated in 714 cases, 629 males and 85 females, with average age of 28 years (15-50).Results: six post-operative infections were found (four superficial and two deep infections). Conclusions: the incidence of infection was 0.84% in this case series. Most of the infections were in patients with autologous gracilis-semitendinous grafts. Level of Evidence: IV

O conhecimento dos profissionais da Atenção Básica em Saúde sobre o Vírus T-linfotrópico Humano / The knowledge of Primary Health Care professionals about the Human T-lymphotropic virus / El conocimiento de los profesionales de la Atención Primaria de Salud sobre el virus linfotrópico T humano

Objetivo: investigar o conhecimento de profissionais de saúde presentes em unidades básicas de saúde (UBS's) sobre o HTLV e as condutas tomadas em caso de infecção. Método:pesquisa quantitativa transversal de abordagem exploratória, sendo realizada por meio de entrevista, com preenchimento de formulário via Google Forms. Realizada em julho de 2023. Resultados:estudo composto por 33 profissionais de saúde, dentre os quais 39% afirmaram desconhecer o HTLV. Essa informação é preocupante, considerando que uma unidade de saúde representa a principal porta de entrada paraos indivíduos em busca de atendimento à saúde. A maioria expressiva, representando 70%, demonstrou conhecimento sobre os meios de prevenção da doença. Porém, a vacinação não foi identificada pela maioria como um método de prevenção, destacando uma percepção menos difundida sobre o papel da vacina nesse contexto. Conclusão:é crucial divulgar pesquisas sobre o tema, criando oportunidades estratégicas para aprimorar tanto a compreensão clínica quanto a empatia no atendimento aos portadores do HTLV, contribuindo assim para a melhoria do diagnóstico, tratamento e qualidade assistencia

Objective:To investigate the knowledge of health professionals present in primary health care units (BHUs) about HTLV and the procedures taken in case of infection. Method:cross-sectional quantitative research with an exploratory approach, carried out through interviews, filling out a form via Google Forms. Carried out in July 2023. Results:study composed of 33 health professionals, of which 39% said they were unaware of HTLV. This information is worrying, considering that a health unit represents the main gateway for individuals seeking health care. The significant majority, representing 70%, demonstrated knowledge about the means of preventing the disease. However, vaccination was not identified by the majority as a prevention method, highlighting a less widespread perception about the role of the vaccine in this context. Conclusion:it is crucial to disseminate research on the topic, creating strategic opportunities to improve both clinical understanding and empathy in the care of HTLV carriers, thus contributing to the improvement of diagnosis, treatment and quality of care.

Objective:To investigate the knowledge of health professionals present in primary health care units (BHUs) about HTLV and the procedures taken in case of infection. Method:cross-sectional quantitative research with an exploratory approach, carried out through interviews, filling out a form via Google Forms. Carried out in July 2023. Results:study composed of 33 health professionals, of which 39% said they were unaware of HTLV. This information is worrying, considering that a health unit represents the main gateway for individuals seeking health care. The significant majority, representing 70%, demonstrated knowledge about the means of preventing the disease. However, vaccination was not identified by the majority as a prevention method, highlighting a less widespread perception about the role of the vaccine in this context. Conclusion:it is crucial to disseminate research on the topic, creating strategic opportunities to improve both clinical understanding and empathy in the care of HTLV carriers, thus contributing to the improvement of diagnosis, treatment and quality of care.

Efeito de extratos vegetais de Hamamelis virginiana, Persea americana, Cynara scolymus L e Stryphnodendron barbatiman Msobre a expressão fenotípica dos fatores de virulência em biofilmes de Candida albicans / Effect of Hamamelis virginiana, Persea americana, Cynara scolymus L and Stryphnodendron barbatiman M plant extracts on the phenotypic expression of virulence factors in biofilms of the Candida albicans

Objetivo: Analisar a expressão fenotípica de fatores de virulência em biofilmes de Candida albicans frente a extratos glicólicos de plantas. Material e Métodos: Os biofilmes de Candida albicans (ATCC 18804) obtidos a partir de incubação de 48 horas foram expostos por 5 minutos e 24 horas a diferentes concentrações de extratos glicólicos de Hamamelis virginiana e Persea americana, Cynara scolymus L e Stryphnodendron barbatiman M, a fim de verificar a ação antifúngica da proteinase, fosfolipase e hemolisina. Resultados: Todos os extratos foram eficazes na redução do biofilme. Em contato por 5 minutos. os extratos reduziram 50% do biofilme. Após 24 horas. o extrato de Persea americana apresentou o biofilme em 90%, seguido de Cynara scolymus, que o interrompeu em 85%. Houve mudança na intensidade da proteinase após 5 minutos e 24 horas, com uma atividade enzimática média de 0,69 em comparação com o controle de 0,49. Cynara scolymus foi o extrato com maior concentração média de 100 mg/ml; a intensidade da fosfolipase foi alterada com Stryphnodendron barbatiman sendo mais efetivo em 24 horas em relação ao controle (p< 0,0001). A secreção de hemolisina foi modificada por Hamamelis virginiana (12,5 mg/ml) após 5 minutos de exposição e em 24 horas. todos os extratos foram capazes de causar alterações na secreção. Conclusão: Os extratos testados apresentam potencial antifúngico em biofilmes de Candida albicans, implicando em redução significativa dos fatores de virulência. Assim, estes podem ser indicados como uma ferramenta terapêutica alternativa para reduzir a morbidade dessas infecções, já que em ambos os tempos de exposição investigados, eles foram capazes de reduzir a secreção enzimática do fungo (AU)

Objective: Analyze the phenotypic expression of virulence factors in Candida albicans biofilms against plant glycolicextracts. Material and Methods: The biofilms of Candida albicans (ATCC 18804) obtained from incubation for 48 hours were exposed for 5 minutes and 24 hours to different concentrations of glycolic extracts of Hamamelis virginiana and Persea americana, Cynara scolymus L and Stryphnodendron barbatiman M, in order to verify the antifungal activity of the proteinase, phospholipase and hemolysin. Results: All extracts were effective in reducing biofilm. In contact for 5 minutes. the extracts reduced 50% of the biofilm. After 24 hours, the Persea americanaextract showed the biofilm at 90%, followed by Cynara scolymus, which interrupted it at 85%, There was a change in proteinase intensity after 5 minutes and 24 hours. with an average enzymatic activity of 0.69 compared to the control of 0.49. Cynara scolymus was the extract with the highest mean concentration of 100 mg/ml; the phospholipase intensity was changed with Stryphnodendron barbatiman being more effective in 24 hours compared to the control (p< 0.0001). The hemolysin secretion was modified by Hamamelis virginiana (12.5 mg/ml) after 5 minutes of exposure, and in 24 hours. all extracts were capable to cause changes in secretion. Conclusion: The tested extracts have antifungal potential in Candida albicans biofilms, implying a significant reduction in virulence factors. Thus, these can be indicated as an alternative therapeutic tool to reduce the morbidity of these infections, as in both investigated exposure times. they were able to reduce theenzymatic secretion of the fungus (AU)

Insuflación rectal con ozono en infecciones intestinales / Rectal Insufflation with Ozone in Intestinal Infections

Introducción: Las infecciones intestinales se relacionan con trastornos del sistema inmune y de la microbiota intestinal. Pueden ser recurrentes y producir otras alteraciones intestinales y sistémicas, que empeoran con la terapia antimicrobiana. La ozonoterapia ha sido usada en el tratamiento de infecciones intestinales. Objetivos: Recopilar información sobre los efectos biológicos, terapéuticos y la seguridad de la administración del ozono por insuflación rectal en el tratamiento de las infecciones intestinales. Métodos: Para la búsqueda de información se empleó el motor de búsqueda Google Académico. Se consultaron artículos en las bases de datos PubMed y SciELO de la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud. Además, se realizó una búsqueda general en los idiomas español e inglés, a partir de los artículos más relevantes acerca del estudio. Se utilizaron como palabras clave: infecciones, insuflación, microbioma gastrointestinal, ozono como términos más concretos. En el estudio no se aplicó ninguna restricción acerca del ámbito geográfico ni de la edad. Conclusiones: La aplicación rectal de ozono es segura, tiene acciones biológicas y terapéuticas útiles para tratar las infecciones intestinales. Actúa como inmunomodulador y protector de la microbiota intestinal, lo que permite enfrentar esta problemática de salud desde el punto de vista preventivo, curativo y de rehabilitación de los daños causados, tanto por los gérmenes como por los efectos de los antibióticos(AU)

Introduction: Intestinal infections are related to disorders of the immune system and intestinal microbiota. They can be recurrent and produce other intestinal and systemic alterations, which worsen with antimicrobial therapy. Ozone therapy has been used in the treatment of intestinal infections. Objectives: To compile information on the biological, therapeutic effects and safety of the administration of ozone by rectal insufflation in the treatment of intestinal infections. Methods: Google Scholar search engine was used for searching information. Articles were consulted in PubMed and SciELO databases of the Virtual Health Library. In addition, a general search was carried out in Spanish and English, based on the most relevant articles about the study. The keywords used were infections, insufflation, gastrointestinal microbiome, ozone as more specific terms. No restrictions on geographic area or age were applied in the study. Conclusions: The rectal application of ozone is safe, it has useful biological and therapeutic actions to treat intestinal infections, acting as an immunomodulator and protector of the intestinal microbiota, which allows us to face this health problem from a preventive, curative and rehabilitation point of view of the damage caused, both by germs and by the effects of antibiotics(AU)

Comparison of Surgical Procedures in the Treatment of Hip Periprosthetic Infection / Comparação entre procedimentos cirúrgicos no tratamento da infecção de prótese do quadril

Abstract Objective The present study aimed to compare the cure rate recovery time and Merle d'Aubigné-Postel functional (MAPF) score after single-stage surgery (C1T) or two-stage surgery (C2T) to treat prosthetic infections of the hip considering sociodemographic and clinical features of the patients. Materials and Methods The present retrospective study occurred in a single center from 2011 to 2014 with 37 studied cases including 26 treated with C1T and 11 with C2T. We compared the cure rate recovery time and MAPF score in the two groups as well as the sociodemographic and clinical features of the patients. We also considered surgical complications and the most common infectious agents. Results The C1T group had a faster functional recovery than the C2T group but there were no significant differences in the cure rate surgical complications or MAPF score. However C1T group patients were significantly younger which may have influenced the outcomes. Staphylococcus spp. was the most common infectious agent (62%). Conclusion Although C2T appears superior regarding infection cure C1T may be preferable for faster functional recovery. However it is critical to consider individual patient characteristics when choosing treatment. Further research with a larger sample size is required to confirm these results.

Resumo Objetivo Comparar a taxa de cura, o tempo de recuperação e a pontuação na escala funcional de Merle d'Aubigné-Postel (EFMA) entre a cirurgia em tempo único (C1T) e a cirurgia em dois tempos (C2T) no tratamento de infecções protéticas do quadril, considerando as características sociodemográficas e clínicas dos pacientes. Materiais e Métodos Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo num único centro, entre 2011 e 2014, com um total de 37 casos estudados, sendo 26 tratados com C1T e 11 com C2T. Foram comparadas a taxa de cura, o tempo de recuperação e a pontuação EFMA entre os dois grupos, bem como as características sociodemográficas e clínicas dos pacientes. Foram também consideradas as complicações cirúrgicas e o agente infeccioso mais comum. Resultados O grupo C1T teve uma recuperação funcional mais rápida do que o grupo C2T, mas não houve diferenças significativas na taxa de cura, nas complicações cirúrgicas ou na pontuação EFMA. No entanto, o grupo C1T era significativamente mais jovem, o que pode ter influenciado os resultados. Staphylococcus spp. foi o agente infeccioso mais comum (62%). Conclusão Embora a C2T pareça ser superior em termos de cura de infecção, a C1T pode ser preferível para uma recuperação funcional mais rápida. No entanto, as características individuais dos pacientes devem ser consideradas na escolha do tratamento. São necessárias mais pesquisas com um tamanho de amostra maior para confirmar estes resultados.

Candida auris: a global pathogen that has taken root in Colombia / Candida auris: un agente patógeno global que se ha arraigado en Colombia

Candida auris has been recognized as an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen with a significant public health burden, causing cases of invasive infection and colonization due to its persistence on inanimate surfaces, ability to colonize skin of some patients, and high transmissibility in healthcare settings. The first sporadic report of the isolation of this species from the ear canal of a patient in Asia was in 2009 and reports from other regions of the world soon followed. However, it was not until 2015 that global epidemiological alerts were communicated as a result of an increasing number of reports of invasive infections caused by C. auris in several countries. Colombia was soon added to this list in 2016 after an unusual increase in the number of C. haemulonii isolates was reported, later confirmed as C. auris. Since the issuing of a national alert by the Colombian National Institute of Health together with the Ministry of Health in 2016, the number of cases reported reached over 2,000 by 2022. Colombian isolates have not shown pan resistance to available antifungals, unlike C. auris strains reported in other regions of the world, which leaves patients in Colombia with therapeutic options for these infections. However, increasing fluconazole resistance is being observed. Whole-genome sequencing of Colombian C. auris isolates has enhanced molecular epidemiological data, grouping Colombian isolates in clade IV together with other South American isolates. Data from Colombia showed that public health authorities, scientific community, and the general public need to be aware of fungal diseases as they present an often-deadly threat to patients.

Candida auris ha sido reconocido como un agente patógeno multirresistente emergente con una carga significativa en la salud pública. Genera casos de infección invasiva y colonización debido a su persistencia en superficies inanimadas, su capacidad para colonizar fácilmente la piel de algunos pacientes y su alta transmisibilidad en el ambiente hospitalario. El primer reporte esporádico de esta especie fue en Asia en el 2009 cuando se realizó su aislamiento a partir del conducto auditivo de un paciente, y pronto le siguieron reportes en otras regiones del mundo. Sin embargo, no fue hasta 2015 que se conocieron las alertas epidemiológicas a nivel mundial debido a un aumento en el número de casos de infecciones causadas por C. auris en varios países. Colombia se sumó a la lista en 2016 luego de un aumento inusual en el número de aislamientos de C. haemulonii informados, que luego se confirmaron como C. auris. Desde que el Instituto Nacional de Salud junto con el Ministerio de Salud emitieron la Alerta Nacional en el 2016, el número de casos reportados superó los 2.000 en el 2022. Los aislamientos colombianos no han mostrado resistencia generalizada a los antifúngicos disponibles, contrario a lo reportado para cepas de C. auris en algunas regiones del mundo, por lo que los pacientes en Colombia aún cuentan con opciones terapéuticas para estas infecciones. No obstante, se ha observado un aumento en la resistencia al fluconazol. La secuenciación del genoma completo agrupó los aislamientos colombianos en el Ciado IV, junto con otros sudamericanos de C. auris, y aportó al conocimiento de los datos epidemiológicos moleculares de esta especie. Los datos de Colombia evidencian que las autoridades de salud pública, la comunidad científica y el público en general deben ser conscientes de las enfermedades fúngicas, ya que a menudo representan una amenaza mortal para los pacientes.

Epidemiología de las infecciones post osteosíntesis detectadas por baño de ultrasonido en el Servicio de Traumatología del Hospital Universitario de Caracas / Post osteosinthesis infections epidemiology by ultrasound bath in the trauma service of the University Hospital of Caracas

El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la epidemiología de la infección post osteosíntesis a través de cultivos de fluidos sonicados en los pacientes del Hospital Universitario de Caracas en el período comprendido entre noviembre 2021-noviembre 2022. Se realizó un estudio observacional de tipo, serie de casos, a través de la revisión de historias médicas de todos los casos que acudieron con diagnóstico de infección post osteosíntesis a fin de determinar cuál agente causal fue el más común, factores de riesgo asociados y tratamiento de elección. Se incluyeron 10 pacientes, 70% de sexo masculino y edad promedio de 40,6±17,9 años. Los gérmenes aislados en el cultivo convencional fueron el SAMS, SAMR, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo (10,0% cada uno), el 60,0% de los cultivos en esta modalidad fueron negativos, en el cultivo de fluidos por baño de ultrasonido, el germen más frecuente fue el SAMR en el 30% de los casos, seguido del SAMS con 20%, en menor medida un caso de Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo y una infección polimicrobiana compuesta por K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae y Enterococo sp. El tratamiento médico consistió en antibioticoterapia vía endovenosa, se realizó de acuerdo al antibiograma obtenido del cultivo, el más empleado fue la cefazolina en 30% (en casos de SAMS), seguido de la vancomicina + meropenem y la vancomicina aislada en 20%. Todos los pacientes cumplieron tratamiento al menos por 4 semanas con evolución satisfactoria(AU)

The objective of this work is to determine the epidemiology of post-osteosynthesis infection through sonicated fluid cultures in patients at the Hospital Universitario de Caracas in the period between November 2021 and November 2022. An observational study of type, series of cases, through the review of the medical records of all the cases that presented with a diagnosis of post-osteosynthesis infection in order to determine which causative agent was the most common, associated risk factors and treatment of choice. 10 patients were included, 70% male and mean age 40.6 ± 17.9 years. The germs isolated in the conventional culture were SAMS, SAMR, Enterobacter cloacae, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (10.0% each), 60.0% of the cultures in this modality were negative, in the culture of fluids by bath of On ultrasound, the most frequent germ was MRSA in 30% of cases, followed by SAMS with 20%, to a lesser extent a case of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and a polymicrobial infection made up of K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae and Enterococcus sp. The medical treatment consisted of intravenous antibiotic therapy, it was carried out according to the antibiogram obtained from the culture, the most used was cefazolin in 30% (in cases of SAMS), followed by vancomycin + meropenem and vancomycin alone in 20%. All patients complied with treatment for at least 4 weeks with satisfactory evolution(AU)

Boletin Epidemiologico Semana 13 (del 26 de Marzo al 01 de Abril de 2023) / Epidemiological Bulletin Week 13 (from March 26 to April 1, 2023)

Resumen de eventos de notificación hasta SE 13/2023. Alertas internacionales. Situación epidemiológica de dengue. Situación epidemiológica de zika y chikungunya. Situación epidemiológica de Infección respiratoria aguda. Situación epidemiológica de Neumonías. Vigilancia centinela de influenza y otros virus respiratorios. Vigilancia centinela de rotavirus. Situación epidemiológica de Enfermedad diarreica aguda

Summary of notification events up to SE 13/2023. International alerts. Epidemiological situation of dengue. Zika and chikungunya epidemiological situation. Epidemiological situation of acute respiratory infection. Epidemiological situation of pneumonias. Sentinel surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses. Rotavirus sentinel surveillance. Epidemiological situation of acute diarrheal disease

Boletin Epidemiológico Semana 15/2023 (del 09 al 15 de Abril de 2023) / Epidemiological Bulletin Week 15/2023 (from April 09 to 15, 2023)

Resumen de eventos de notificación hasta SE 15/2023. Alertas internacionales. Situación epidemiológica de dengue. Situación epidemiológica de zika y chikungunya. Situación epidemiológica de Infección respiratoria aguda. Situación epidemiológica de Neumonías. Vigilancia centinela de influenza y otros virus respiratorios. Vigilancia centinela de rotavirus. Situación epidemiológica de Enfermedad diarreica aguda

Summary of notification events up to SE 15/2023. International alerts. Epidemiological situation of dengue. Zika and chikungunya epidemiological situation. Epidemiological situation of acute respiratory infection. Epidemiological situation of pneumonias. Sentinel surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses. Rotavirus sentinel surveillance. Epidemiological situation of acute diarrheal disease

Boletín Epidemiológico Semana 16/2023 (del 16 al 22 de Abril de 2023) / Epidemiological Bulletin Week 16/2023 (from April 16 to 22, 2023)

Resumen de eventos de notificación hasta SE 16/2023. Alertas internacionales. Situación epidemiológica de dengue. Situación epidemiológica de zika y chikungunya. Situación epidemiológica de Infección respiratoria aguda. Situación epidemiológica de Neumonías. Vigilancia centinela de influenza y otros virus respiratorios. Vigilancia centinela de rotavirus. Situación epidemiológica de Enfermedad diarreica aguda

Summary of notification events up to SE 16/2023. International alerts. Epidemiological situation of dengue. Zika and chikungunya epidemiological situation. Epidemiological situation of acute respiratory infection. Epidemiological situation of pneumonias. Sentinel surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses. Rotavirus sentinel surveillance. Epidemiological situation of acute diarrheal disease

Boletín Epidemiológico Semana 17/2023 (del 23 al 29 de Abril de 2023) / Epidemiological Bulletin Week 17/2023 (from April 23 to 29, 2023)

Resumen de eventos de notificación hasta SE 17/2023. Alertas internacionales. Situación epidemiológica de dengue. Situación epidemiológica de zika y chikungunya. Situación epidemiológica de Infección respiratoria aguda. Situación epidemiológica de Neumonías. Vigilancia centinela de influenza y otros virus respiratorios. Vigilancia centinela de rotavirus. Situación epidemiológica de Enfermedad diarreica aguda

Summary of notification events up to SE 17/2023. International alerts. Epidemiological situation of dengue. Zika and chikungunya epidemiological situation. Epidemiological situation of acute respiratory infection. Epidemiological situation of pneumonias. Sentinel surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses. Rotavirus sentinel surveillance. Epidemiological situation of acute diarrheal disease

Boletín Epidemiológico Semana 18/2023 (del 30 de abril al 06 de mayo de 2023) / Epidemiological Bulletin Week 18/2023 (from April 30 to May 6, 2023)

Resumen de eventos de notificación hasta SE 18/2023. Alertas internacionales. Situación epidemiológica de dengue. Situación epidemiológica de zika y chikungunya. Situación epidemiológica de Infección respiratoria aguda. Situación epidemiológica de Neumonías. Vigilancia centinela de influenza y otros virus respiratorios. Vigilancia centinela de rotavirus. Situación epidemiológica de Enfermedad diarreica aguda

Summary of notification events up to SE 18/2023. International alerts. Epidemiological situation of dengue. Zika and chikungunya epidemiological situation. Epidemiological situation of acute respiratory infection. Epidemiological situation of pneumonias. Sentinel surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses. Rotavirus sentinel surveillance. Epidemiological situation of acute diarrheal disease

Boletin Epidemiologico Semana 19/2023 (del 07 al 13 de mayo de 2023) / Epidemiological Bulletin Week 19/2023 (from May 07 to 13, 2023)

Resumen de eventos de notificación hasta SE 19/2023. Alertas internacionales. Situación epidemiológica de dengue. Situación epidemiológica de zika y chikungunya. Situación epidemiológica de Infección respiratoria aguda. Situación epidemiológica de Neumonías. Vigilancia centinela de influenza y otros virus respiratorios. Vigilancia centinela de rotavirus. Situación epidemiológica de Enfermedad diarreica aguda

Summary of notification events up to SE 19/2023. International alerts. Epidemiological situation of dengue. Zika and chikungunya epidemiological situation. Epidemiological situation of acute respiratory infection. Epidemiological situation of pneumonias. Sentinel surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses. Rotavirus sentinel surveillance. Epidemiological situation of acute diarrheal disease

Boletin Epidemiologico Semana 20/2023 (del 14 al 20 de mayo de 2023) / Epidemiological Bulletin Week 20/2023 (from May 14 to 20, 2023)

Resumen de eventos de notificación hasta SE 20/2023. Alertas internacionales. Situación epidemiológica de dengue. Situación epidemiológica de zika y chikungunya. Situación epidemiológica de Infección respiratoria aguda. Situación epidemiológica de Neumonías. Vigilancia centinela de influenza y otros virus respiratorios. Vigilancia centinela de rotavirus. Situación epidemiológica de Enfermedad diarreica aguda

Summary of notification events up to SE 20/2023. International alerts. Epidemiological situation of dengue. Zika and chikungunya epidemiological situation. Epidemiological situation of acute respiratory infection. Epidemiological situation of pneumonias. Sentinel surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses. Rotavirus sentinel surveillance. Epidemiological situation of acute diarrheal disease