Enteric protozoan parasites in stray cats in Kuwait with special references to toxoplasmosis and risk factors affecting its occurrence

In Kuwait, stray cats were surveyed for enteric protozoan infection using fecal examination and their sera were tested for Toxoplasma gondii IgG using indirect hemagglutination test [IHAT] as well as for feline immunodeficiency virus [FIV] antibodies and feline leukaemia virus [FeLV] antibodies using ELISA. Out of 240 fecal samples examined 22 [9.2%] were found to be infected with oocysts of four species of coccidian protozoa. Isopspora felis was the most predominant enteric protozoan parasite [7.1%], followed by T. gondii [2.1%], I. rivolta [1.6], Sarcocystis was only found in one case [0.4%]. Juvenile cats [>/= 6 months old] had higher infection rate with oocyst of enteric protozoa than older cats [p-value 0.001]. Sero-survey of 240 stray cats revealed that 19.6% were positive to T gondii IgG. Toxoplasma sero-positivity was observed in higher number of adults compared to young cats suggests that with age the risk of exposure to T gondii increases. While concurrent retroviral infections were not found to be associated with increased risk for developing T. gondii antibodies

Zoonoses from cats: with special reference to Egypt

A zoonosis is an animal disease that is transmissible to humans. Humans are usually an accidental host that acquires disease through close contact with an infected animal, who may or may not be symptomatic. Children are at highest risk for infection because they are more likely to have close contact with pets. Cats are responsible for transmission of an extensive array of bacterial, fungal, and parasitic zoonotic pathogens. The route of transmission can be through the saliva [e.g., bites or contaminated scratches], feces, respiratory secretions, direct contact, or by the cat acting as a vehicle and source of tick or flea exposure. Although cats have been implicated in transmission of zoonosis to their owners, risk of transmission from contact with cats is low and may be further reduced by simple precautions. There is a need for education on zoonotic disease prevention practices for pet-owning households with individuals at higher risk of infection, and to educate future veterinarians during their early years in veterinary school about the risks associated with their future jobs. Also, zoonotic disease awareness training is a valuable service to animal shelter workers