Complicaciones infecciosas de la diálisis peritoneal ambulatoria en niños / Ambulatory peritoneal dialysis-related infectious complications in children

Introducción: la diálisis peritoneal es la mejor alternativa terapéutica para los niños con enfermedad renal crónica terminal, y en las modalidades de diálisis peritoneal ambulatoria ha permitido el tratamiento fuera del hospital, lo que proporciona un mejor estilo y calidad de vida. No es un método exento de riesgos. Las complicaciones infecciosas relacionadas a la diálisis peritoneal son la causa más importante de morbilidad y es la peritonitis su principal complicación. Objetivo: determinar retrospectivamente la frecuencia y las características de complicaciones infecciosas relacionadas al proceder dialítico. Métodos: nuestro hospital es referente como unidad de diálisis pediátrica del país, así que recibe la mayoría de los niños con enfermedad renal crónica terminal de Cuba. Se revisaron los expedientes clínicos de niños con enfermedad renal crónica terminal en programa de diálisis peritoneal ambulatoria en el Hospital Pediátrico de Centro Habana durante el período 2008-2011. Resultados: se estudiaron 12 pacientes con un promedio de edad de 11 años, 58 por ciento del sexo femenino. Se documentaron 24 episodios infecciosos. Las complicaciones encontradas fueron infección del sitio de salida del catéter, con 62,5 por ciento, peritonitis 33,3 por ciento e infección del túnel submucoso 4,2 por ciento. Predominaron cultivos positivos a bacterias grampositivas (66,7 por ciento). Las bacterias más comunes fueron: Staphylococcus coagulasa positivo (48 por ciento) y Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo (22 por ciento). Otros gérmenes identificados fueron E. coli, Enterobacter spp. y Candida spp., con 8,3 por ciento respectivamente. Conclusiones: la infección del sitio de salida del catéter fue la complicación infecciosa más frecuente en nuestra serie. Las bacterias grampositivas son los gérmenes más comunes que causan infección del sitio de salida y peritonitis en pacientes en diálisis peritoneal ambulatoria

Introduction: peritoneal analysis is the best therapeutic alternative for children suffering terminal chronic renal disease and it has allowed, in the ambulatory peritoneal dialysis variant, providing out of hospital treatment to improve life style and quality. It is not risk-free method since the peritoneal dialysis-related infectious complications are the most important cause of morbidity, being peritonitis the main one. Objective: to retrospectively determine the frequency and the characteristics of dialysis-related infectious complications. Methods: our hospital is a point of reference in the country as pediatric dialysis unit where most of children with terminal chronic renal disease in Cuba are referred to. The medical histories of children with this type of disease, who were included in the ambulatory peritoneal dialysis program of Centro Habana pediatric hospital for the 2008-2011 period, were checked over. Results: twelve patients aged 11 years as average were studied. Fifty eight percent were girls. Twenty four infectious events were documented. The most frequent complications were infection at the outlet site of the catheter (62.5 percent), peritonitis (33.3 percent) and submucous tunnel infection (4.2 percent). Positive cultures to Grampositive bacteria (66.7 percent) were predominant. The most common bacteria were positive Staphylococcus coagulase (48 percent) and negative Staphylococcus coagulase (22 percent). Other germs were E E. coli, Enterobacter spp. and Candida spp, with 8.3 percent, respectively. Conclusions: the most frequent complication was infection at the outlet site of the catheter in our sample. The most common germs were Grampositive bacteria that cause this type of infection and peritonitis in patients under ambulatory peritoneal dialysis treatment

Fatores associados com a infecção relacionada ao cateter percutâneo em recém-nascidos de alto risco / Factors associated with catheter-related infections to percutaneous catheter in newborn of high risk

A infecção sanguínea relacionada ao Cateter Central de Inserção Periférica (PICC) se destaca entre as principais intercorrências na utilização deste dispositivo venoso, isto porque indica a necessidade de sua remoção imediata e antecipada, uma vez que a finalidade da instalação do cateter seria permitir um acesso venoso de longa permanência. Esta infecção se dá pela colonização do cateter com migração de microrganismos para o interior da corrente sanguínea, caracterizando uma bacteremia. Diante da possibilidade de ocorrência de complicações pelo uso de cateter, o Center for Disease Control (CDC) disponibilizou o Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infection, cujo objetivo é uniformizar a prática de inserção e manutenção de cateteres intravenosos, entre os quais o PICC. Dentre as muitas recomendações do guia, destaca-se a necessidade de análise periódica da adesão dos profissionais de saúde ao protocolo de controle de infecção, a qual tem por objetivo verificar se medidas de controle e prevenção das complicações infecciosas relacionadas ao uso de cateteres venosos estão surtindo os efeitos esperadosEste estudo, portanto se objetiva a estimar a associação de fatores descritos no formulário de vigilância para dispositivos intravasculares com a incidência de infecção relacionada ao cateter de PICC em recém-nascidos de alto risco. Foram analisados 63 prontuários de recém-nascidos com peso entre 500 a 1500 gramas, que utilizaram PICC quando estavam internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal do Instituto Fernandes Figueira no período de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2010. Estimou-se que a frequência de infecção pelo uso do cateter nesta população foi de 25,40 por cento...

A bloodstream infection related to Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC)stands out among the main complications in using this venous device, because it indicates theneed for its immediate removal and anticipated, since the purpose of the installation of thecatheter would allow access Venous long stay. This infection is by colonization of the catheterwith antigen migration into the bloodstream, characterized bacteremia.Faced with the possibility of complications catheter use, the CDC released theGuidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infection, whose goal is tostandardize the practice of insertion and maintenance of intravascular catheters, including thePICC. Among the many recommendations of the guide, there is the need for periodic reviewof the membership of health professionals to the infection control protocol, which aims todetermine whether measures of control and prevention of infectious complications related tothe use of venous catheters are having an expected effects.This study therefore aims was to assess the association of factors described in the formof surveillance devices with the incidence of intravascular catheter-related infection PICC ininfants at high risk.We analyzed medical records of 63 neonates weighing 500-1500 grams, which whenused PICC were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Fernandes FigueiraInstitute from January 2009 to December 2010. It was estimated that the frequency of catheterinfection in this population was 25.40 percent...