Actualización de la infección por Chlamydia trachomatis en mujeres / Update of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women

La infección por Chlamydia trachomatis es la infección de transmisión sexual bacteriana más frecuente en el mundo. En este artículo se revisa la prevalencia reportada en Chile, cuadro clínico, diagnóstico, tratamiento, prevención y complicaciones a largo plazo en mujeres.

Chlamydia trachomatis infection is known to be the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection world-wide. This article reviews the prevalence reported in the Chilean population, as well as the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and complications in women

Prevalencia de chlamydia trachomatis en embarazadas asistidas en Centros de Salud Municipales de la ciudad de Córdoba

Chlamydia trachomatis (C.trachomatis) produce una de las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) más frecuentes en el mundo. Esta bacteria se asocia a abortos, endometritis posterior al parto y ruptura prematura de membranas. Cuando la infección se transmite al recién nacido puede ocasionar bronquitis, neumonía, conjuntivitis y bajo peso. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de la infección por C. trachomatis en mujeres que cursan el tercer trimestre de embarazo evaluando los factores de riesgo asociados, caracterizando a nivel molecular los genotipos presentes y analizando el costo/beneficio de la implementación del tamizaje de esta infección bacteriana

SUMMARY: Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) causes one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the world. This bacterium is associated with abortions, endometritis postpartum, and premature rupture of membranes. When the infection is transmitted to newborns, it may cause bronchitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis and low weight. Objective: Determinate the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection in women on their third trimester of pregnancy, evaluating associated risk factors, characterizing the genotypes at the molecular level, analyzing the cost / benefit rate of implementing the screening of the bacterial infection

Infecciones asintomáticas por Chlamydia trachomatis: un problema controlable en la población adolescente / Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infection in adolescent population: a manageable problem

La detección precoz de la infección por Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) asintomática (70-75%) reduce la incidencia de complicaciones, sobre todo las relacionadas a la infertilidad y esterilidad en ambos sexos siendo relevante en las mujeres. Objetivos: Conocer la prevalencia de CT en la población asintomática de jóvenes y adolescente (JA) de la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina); evaluar los factores de riesgo y proponer un programa de detección adecuado a nuestro medio. Métodos: Se estudiaron, entre enero de 2004 y enero de 2006, 427 JA de ambos sexos entre 18 y 24 años (221 estudiantes universitarios (GU) y 206 adolescentes no universitarios (GNU) con nivel socio económico bajo). Se realizó PCR en orina con dos técnicas: plásmido y proteína de la membrana externa de CT; cultivo en líneas celulares para las muestras positivas; y tratamiento de los individuos positivos y control posterior. Resultados: La prevalencia global fue 8,7% (37/427) siendo mayor en las mujeres (13,7% vs. 4,1%; p = 0.0004), en el GNU (13.1 vs. 4.5%; p = 0.001) y en aquellos con las necesidades básicas (NB) insatisfechas (14.8% vs. 6.1%; p = 0.0006). No hubo diferencias significativas (DS) con respecto al comportamiento sexual y al uso de diferentes métodos anticonceptivos. Los antecedentes previos de exudado vaginal o uretral y adenomegalias inguinales tuvieron un elevado valor predictivo negativo (93,01% y 94,2%, respectivamente). Conclusiones: Es recomendable efectuar tamizaje de jóvenes en diferentes escenarios con técnicas sensibles. Los programas basados en los factores de riesgo son inadecuados en nuestro medio. La información y la educación general y sexual deben ser consideradas herramientas imprescindibles para controlar esta infección.

Prevalence of genital chlamydia in Iranian males with urethritis attending clinics in Mashhad

Chlamydia trachomatis is a common cause of sexually transmitted disease which can cause severe consequences. Effective prevention requires knowledge of prevalence of infection in order to target interventions in a cost-effective manner. To determine the prevalence of chlamydial infection in Mashhad, northeastern Islamic Republic of Iran, this study was performed among male patients with urethritis. Urethral discharge was collected from 150 patients. Cell culture was established for diagnosis of Chlamydia in genital specimens. Cell culture showed that 9.3% of patients in this study were infected with Chlamydia. This study provides strong evidence that prevalence of Chlamydia in our region is quite high, which necessitates screening and treatment for the infection

[Diagnosis methods of clamydia trachomatis]

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial infection, with an estimated annual worldwide incidence of 50 million cases. A large proportion of those infected, particularly women, are asymptomatic, and these individuals serve as a major reservoir of infection. Women are also at risk for serious reproductive tract complications with significant morbidity. In an effort to prevent spread of these infections, increased attention is being paid to early diagnosis and treatment. The introduction of sensitive and highly specific nucleic acid amplification tests for detection of C. trachomatis has made the use of noninvasive testing feasible in women. Recent studies have found that nucleic acid amplification tests are sufficiently sensitive to detect C. trachomatis in first-void urine in women. Sensitivities have exceeded 95% in most studies when compared to detection with non culture tests of endocervical specimens as a standard, while at the same time preserving high specificities

Doenças causadas por clamídias / Diseases causeds by chlamydia trachomatis

Trata das doenças causadas por clamídias, sob os aspectos da epidemiologia, microbiologia, diagnóstico laboratorial, manifestaçöes mais comuns, patogenia e tratamento. (MC)

Doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e infertilidade / Sexually transmitted disease and infertility

Os danos tubários pós-salpingite säo encontrados aproximadamente em trinta por cento dos casais inférteis. Atualmente, o principal agente etiológico envolvido nestas infecçöes parece ser a Chlamydia trachomatis. Este é um artigo de revisäo sobre os fatores de risco para as infecçöes genitais pela clamídia, sua patogênese, quadro clínico e relaçäo com infertilidade. Salienta-se a importância da prevençäo das infecçöes e o seu tratamento precoce como principais fatores para a diminuiçäo da incidência dos fatores tubários como causa de infertilidade.

The prevalence of genital chlamydial infection in the Jamaican population

Genital chlamydial infection has evolved as the leading sexually transmitted disease, both in the developed and the developing countries. The impact of genital chlamydial infection as a public health problem in the Caribbean is probably as high as in industrialized countries. Accurate statistics are therefore needed to obtain knowledge of the epidemiology of this disease. A prevalence study was carried out in Jamaica on persons attending different health facilities and locations. This was to ascertain the prevalence of chlamydial antibodies and of chlamydial infection in these selected populations. Microbiological methodologies employed were the microimmunofluorescent technique (MIF) for detecting antichlamydial antibodies, the direct immunofluorescent test (DFA) for detecting chlamydia antigens in specimens, and also isolation of C. trachomatis by culture in McCoy cells. A total of 1228 sera were tested for antichlamydial antibody resulting in the following seroprevalence rates. Prostitutes -95.3 percent, gynaecology patients -60.0 percent, family planning clinic attendess -59.8 percent, blood donors -52.6 percent, sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic patients -70.1 percent, pregnant women -25.0 percent. The 95.3 percent seroprevalence rate observed in prostitutes was significantly higher than that found in the other groups. From 1641 patients, specimens including urethral, endocervical, conjunctival and nasal swabs were cultured for C. trachomatis. The organism was isolated from 18.5 percent to 59.3 percent in this study group; in pregnant women 18.5 percent (n=200), neonates 24.0 percent (n=100), prostitues 24.8 percent (n=129), student 33.9 percent (n=103), family planning clinic attendess 34.0 percent (n=238), gynaecology patients 45.8 percent (n=170) and STD patients 59.3 percent (n=701). The seroprevalence of C. trachomatis is high in Jamaican population, although the rate of infection was found to be much lower. A wide cross-section of the Jamaican population in different age groups from different strata of the society and having different behavioural patterns was found to be infected with C. trachomatis. The prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was not influenced significantly by demographic factors or socioeconomic status, since both chlamydial antibody and C. trachomatis were demonstrated in all age groups and in individuals from different strata of the society with different behavioral patterns.

Infecciones por Chlamydia trachomatis ginecobstetricas del Hospital Escuela / Gyneco-obstetrical infections by Chlamydia trachomatis in the teaching hospital

Se estudiaron 100 pacientes de clínica ginecológica y 100 pacientes en trabajo de parto para conocer la prevalencia de infección por Chlamydia trachomatis en la población que se atiende en el Hospital escuela de Tegucigalpa. Se usó la técnica de inmunofluorescencia directa con antisuero monoclonal y se encontró 9% de positividad en el primer grupo y 12% de positividad en el segundo. Considerando que la sensibilidad del test de IFD es alrededor de un 85 a 90% en comparación con el cultivo, la verdadera prevalencia de las infecciones por chlamydia es mayor de lo que demustran estas cifras. Este trabajo demuestra la existencia de un número importante de infecciones por esta bacteria en nuestra población femenina. Se discute la importância de la infección en mujeres