Prevalencia del virus linfotrópico de células T humanas (HTLV) I/II en donantes de sangre / Prevalence of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus HTLV I/II among Blood Donors

La transmisión de infecciones por vía transfusional (sangre y derivados plasmáticos) es una complicación de gran importancia en relación con la morbimortalidad en receptores de sangre, lo que ha creado la necesidad de establecer estrategias de prevención que reduzcan o eliminen este riesgo. Como enfoque principal este estudio pretendió determinar la prevalencia del virus linfotrópico de células T humanas (HTLV) I/II en donantes que acuden a un banco de sangre hospitalario, además de abordar de manera documental y experimental la importancia de la implementación de dicha prueba, durante el tamizaje rutinario para unidades de sangre. Se utilizó el inmunoanálisis quimioluminiscente de micropartículas (CMIA) que detecta la presencia de anticuerpos contra antígenos del HTLV-I/II en el suero del donante y que se basa en la emisión de quimioluminiscencia. En el periodo de estudio se realizaron 650 pruebas que representan el 6.5% del total anual de donantes atendidos en un banco de sangre hospitalario. Los resultados indicaron que la prevalencia del HTLV I/II en esta muestra de donantes fue de 0.15%, con un intervalo de confianza del 95-99.5% [0.14, 0.29], sugiriendo que la inclusión de la determinación de HTLV I/II en las pruebas obligadas por la Ley de Servicios de Medicina Transfusional y Bancos de Sangre, Decreto 87-97 de Guatemala es de importancia considerando los datos obtenidos y analizados.

The infections transmitted via blood transfusion (blood and plasma derivatives) are a complication of great importance in relation to morbidity and mortality in blood recipients, what has created the need to establish prevention strategies that reduce or eliminate this risk. The main focus of this study was to determine the prevalence of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus HTLV I/II among blood donors who attend a Hospital Blood Bank, in addition to addressing in a documental and experimental way, the importance of the implementation of this test during the routine screening of blood units. To this end, a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) was used to detect the presence of antibodies to HTLV-I/II in plasma from donors. In the study period, 650 samples were tested, representing 6.5% of total annual donors attending the Hospital Blood Bank. Results indicated that the prevalence of the Human T-Lymphotropic Virus HTLV I/II in this population was 0.15%, with the confidenceinterval of 95-99.5% [0.14, 0.29], suggesting that the inclusion of the determination of HTLV I/II in tests required by the Law of Services of Transfusion Medicine and Blood Banks, Decree 87-97 of Guatemala is of importance considering the data obtained and analyzed.

Detection of hemoplasma and Bartonella species and co-infection with retroviruses in cats subjected to a spaying/neutering program in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil / Detecção de hemoplasmas e Bartonella sp. e co-infecção com retrovírus em gatos submetidos a um programa de castração/esterilização em Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil

Hemotrophic mycoplasmas and Bartonella species are important pathogens that circulate between cats and invertebrate hosts, occasionally causing diseases in humans. Nevertheless, there are few reports on occurrences of these agents in cats in Brazil. The present study aimed to detect the presence of hemoplasma and Bartonella DNA by means of PCR and sequencing. FIV antigens and anti-FeLV antibodies, were studied by using a commercial kit on blood and serum samples, respectively, among 46 cats that were sampled during a spaying/neutering campaign conducted in Jaboticabal, SP. Three (6.5%) cats were positive for hemoplasmas: two (4.3%) for 'Candidatus M. haemominutum' and one (2.2%) for both M. haemofelis and 'Candidatus M. turicensis'. One of the two 'Candidatus M. haemominutum'-infected cats was also positive for FeLV antigens and showed antibodies for FIV. Two cats (4.3%) were positive for B. henselae. One of them was also positive for FeLV antigens. Eight cats (17.4%) were positive for FeLV, and just one (2.2%) showed anti-FIV antibodies. Bartonella species and hemoplasmas associated with infection due to retroviruses can circulate among apparently healthy cats.

Micoplasmas hemotróficos e espécies de Bartonella são importantes patógenos que circulam entre gatos e hospedeiros invertebrados, causando ocasionalmente doenças no homem. Apesar disto, poucos são os estudos acerca da ocorrência destes agentes entre gatos no Brasil. O presente estudo objetivou detectar o DNA de hemoplasmas e Bartonella sp. pela PCR e sequenciamento. Antígeno de FIV e anticorpos anti-FeLV foram estudados utilizando um "kit" comercial, em amostras de sangue e soro, respectivamente, de 46 gatos amostrados em uma campanha de castração em Jaboticabal, SP. Três gatos (6,5%) foram positivos para hemoplasmas: dois (4,3%) para 'Candidatus M. haemominutum' e um (2,2%) para M. haemofelis and 'Candidatus M. turicensis'. Um dos gatos positivos para 'Candidatus M. haemominutum' mostrou-se também positivo na detecção de antígeno de FeLV e de anticorpos para FIV. Dois (4,3%) gatos mostraram-se positivos para B. henselae, sendo que um deles também se mostrou positivo para antígeno de FeLV. Oito gatos (17,4%) foram positivos para FeLV, e apenas um gato mostrou anticorpos anti-FIV. Bartonella sp. e hemoplasmas associados à infecção por retrovírus podem circular entre gatos aparentemente saudáveis.