Um capítulo esquecido na história da psicologia? sexualidades desviantes, psicopatologia e normalidade / A forgotten chapter in the history of psychology? deviant sexualities, psychopathology, and normality / ¿Un capítulo olvidado en la historia de la psicología? sexualidades desviadas, psicopatología y normalidad

Este artigo tem como objetivo produzir uma análise histórica sobre as intersecções entre Psicologia e sexualidade desviantes da norma no Brasil, de fins do século XIX a meados da década de 1980. Esta temporalidade foi escolhida por abarcar o surgimento das pesquisas científicas sobre sexualidade e desvios sexuais, a consolidação dos estudos psicológicos sobre a temática e o processo mais recente de despatologização da homossexualidade. Em termos teóricos e metodológicos, foram adotados os pressupostos da História Social da Psicologia e da historiografia das homossexualidades no Brasil. Desse modo, buscou-se compreender como as ideias, concepções e práticas psicológicas foram mudando ao longo do tempo, em conexão com as transformações socioculturais e políticas que ocorreram durante o século XX. Para isto, foram utilizadas fontes primárias e secundárias de pesquisa com vistas à produção de interpretações sobre as conexões entre as ideias, os atores e os eventos narrados. Argumenta-se, ao longo do artigo, que as ideias e práticas psicológicas estão intrinsecamente conectadas aos contextos socioculturais e políticos de seu tempo, sendo os movimentos dinâmicos e os conflitos presentes nesses contextos fatores determinantes para a sua constituição.(AU)

This article aims to produce a historical analysis of the intersections between Psychology and sexualities that deviate from the norm in Brazil, from the late 19th century to the mid-1980s. This period was chosen because it encompasses the emergence of scientific research on sexuality and sexual deviations, the consolidation of psychological studies on the subject and the most recent process of de-pathologization of homosexuality. Theoretically and methodologically, the assumptions of the Social History of Psychology and the historiography of homosexualities in Brazil were adopted. Therefore, we sought to understand how psychological ideas, conceptions and practices have changed over time, in connection with the sociocultural and political transformations that occurred throughout the 20th century. For this, primary and secondary sources of research were used to produce interpretations about the connections between the ideas, the actors and the narrated events. It is argued, throughout the article, that the psychological ideas and practices are intrinsically connected to the sociocultural and political contexts of their time, being the dynamic movements and conflicts present in these contexts determining factors for their constitution.(AU)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis histórico de las intersecciones entre la Psicología y las sexualidades desviadas de la norma en Brasil desde finales del siglo XIX hasta mediados de la década de 1980. Esta temporalidad fue elegida por abarcar el surgimiento de las investigaciones científicas sobre sexualidad y desvíos sexuales, la consolidación de los estudios psicológicos sobre el tema y el más reciente proceso de despatologización de la homosexualidad. En el marco teórico y metodológico, se adoptaron los presupuestos de la Historia Social de la Psicología y de la historiografía de las homosexualidades en Brasil. De esta manera, se pretende comprender cómo las ideas, concepciones y prácticas psicológicas han cambiado a lo largo del tiempo, en conexión con las transformaciones socioculturales y políticas ocurridas durante el siglo XX. Para ello, se utilizaron las fuentes de investigación primarias y secundarias con miras a generar interpretaciones sobre las conexiones entre las ideas, los actores y los eventos narrados. Se argumenta, a lo largo de este artículo, que las ideas y las prácticas psicológicas están intrínsecamente conectadas a los contextos socioculturales y políticos de su tiempo, y los movimientos dinámicos y los conflictos presentes en estos contextos fueron los factores determinantes para su constitución.(AU)

Momentos de "des-existir" e espaços vazios de "des-existência" / Moments of "de-existing" and empty spaces of "de-existence" / Momentos de "des-existir" y espacios vacíos de "des-existencia"

A utilização do conceito des-existir, usado por mim neste e em outros trabalhos, resulta de uma necessidade de nomear e delimitar situações em geral transitórias limitadas à esfera psíquica. Diferencia-se do conceito de matar, verbo ativo que implica na ação de um sujeito, seja em termos físicos ou metafóricos. Assim como diferencia-se também do conceito de morrer, ligado a algo mais definitivo em termos naturais ou figurados. Des-existir refere-se a uma situação momentânea, temporária e às vezes prolongada, em que o sujeito entra em processo de falência como sujeito psíquico por desinvestimento. Pode ser des-existido em diferentes graus de apagamento em um espectro que se estende entre a situação ativa de sujeito e a condição passiva de objeto da pulsão de morte (AU)

I employ the idea of de-existing, in this and other papers, as a result from an urge to name and delimit usually transient situations limited to the psychic sphere. It differs from the idea of killing, active verb that implies the action of a subject, in physical or metaphorical terms. As well as it also differs from the idea of dying, connected to something more definitive in natural or figurative terms. De-existing refers to a momentary, temporary situation, sometimes long-lasting, in which, due to disinvestment, the subject goes into a process of failure as psychic subject. It may be de-existed in different levels of effacement in a spectrum that extends between the active situation as subject and the passive condition of object of the death drive (AU)

El uso del concepto des-existir, que utilizo en este y otros trabajos, resulta de una necesidad de nombrar y delimitar en general situaciones transitorias limitadas a la esfera psíquica. Se diferencia del concepto de matar, verbo activo que implica la acción de un sujeto, ya sea en términos físicos o metafóricos. Además, también se diferencia del concepto de morir, ligado a algo más definitivo en términos naturales o figurativos. El des-existir se refiere a una situación momentánea, temporal y en ocasiones prolongada en la que el sujeto entra en proceso de desplome como sujeto psíquico debido a la desinversión. Puede ser des-existido en diferentes grados de desvanecimiento en un espectro que se extiende entre la situación activa del sujeto y la condición pasiva de objeto de la pulsión de muerte (AU)

Escrituras do grito em Antonin Artaud / Ecritures du cri chez Antonin Artaud / Escrituras del grito en Antinin Artaud / Scream scriptures in Antonin Artaud

Resumo Este texto decanta da experiência de escuta-leitura da obra de Antonin Artaud e recolhe, nas construções do poeta, efeitos de testemunho acerca de um tempo de soltura entre voz e palavra, quando o que emerge é o grito. Este estudo acerca da voz e das tentativas de escritura do inominável conduz a uma pergunta auxiliar sobre o corpo. Nessa composição, destaca-se, a partir dos fios da psicanálise, lalangue - articulador teórico que enlaça corpo e palavra, voz e escrita. É a partir de lalangue que o artigo se inclina em direção à obra de Artaud para percorrer a travessia do grito desde o vazio da voz desancorada da palavra em um momento de queda do sujeito para um espaço/tempo de endereçamento e existência - existência que se sustentará corporificada na obra de Artaud.

Résumé Ce texte parle de l'expérience de l'écoute-lecture de l'oeuvre d'Antonin Artaud et recueille dans les constructions du poète des effets de témoignage sur un temps de relâchement entre la voix et la parole, lorsque ce qui émerge est le cri. Cette étude concernant la voix et les tentatives d'écriture de ce qui est innommable nous conduit à une question subsidiaire sur le corps. Dans cette composition se démarque, à partir des fils de la psychanalyse, lalangue - articulateur théorique qui lie corps et parole, voix et écriture. C'est à partir de lalangue que l'article se penche vers l'oeuvre d'Artaud pour couvrir le passage du cridepuis le vide de la voix détachée de la parole, dans un moment de chute du sujet vers un espace/temps de directionnement et d'existence. Existence qui se soutiendra incarnée dans l'oeuvre d'Artaud.

Resumen Este texto decanta de la experiencia de escucha-lectura de la obra de Antonin Artaud y recoge en las construcciones del poeta efectos de testimonio respecto a un tiempo de soltura entre voz y palabra, cuando lo que emerge es el grito. Este estudio sobre la voz y los intentos de escritura de lo innombrable conduce a una pregunta auxiliar sobre el cuerpo. En esa composición se sobresale, a partir de los hilos del psicoanálisis - lalangue - articulador teórico que enlaza cuerpo y palabra, voz y escritura. A partir de lalangue es que el artículo se inclina hacia la obra de Artaud para recorrer la travesía del grito desde el vacío de la voz desanclada de la palabra en un momento de caída del sujeto a un espacio/tiempo de direccionamiento y existencia. Existencia que se sostendrá corporificada en la obra de Artaud.

Abstract This text arises from the listening-reading experience of the works of Antonin Artaud and brings together the testimony effects in the constructions of the poet about a moment of looseness between the voice and the word, giving rise to the scream. This study about the voice and attempts of writing the unspeakable leads to an accessory question about the body. In this structure, based on the psychoanalysis threads, lalangue - as a theoretical articulator encompassing body and word, voice, and writing - stands out. Based on lalangue the essay is directed to the work of Artaud to travel along the scream path from the emptiness of the unanchored voice of the word in a moment of fall of the subject to space/time of addressing and existence. An existence that will be supported and embodied in the work of Artaud.

Desarrollo moral: Tres comprensiones / Moral development: Three understandings

Este artículo de reflexión presenta teóricamente las comprensiones del desarrollo moral estructuralista, pluralista y del instinto moral, con base en los criterios de indagación fáctica de la moralidad, a partir de las concepciones basadas en la justicia, en la cultura y en el instinto. Para lo cual, se realiza un recorrido teórico y conceptual, presentando diferentes investigaciones y trabajos en este campo de estudio. Como conclusión se afirma la necesidad de comprender lo moral como un fenómeno complejo que reviste diferentes marcos de sentido e interpretación, dando énfasis al carácter universal del fenómeno.

This article of reflection theoretically presents the comprehensions of the structuralist, pluralistic moral development and the moral instinct, based on the criteria of factual investigation of morality, based on conceptions based on justice, culture and instinct. For which, a theoretical and conceptual journey is made, presenting different investigations and works in this field of study. In conclusion, the need to understand the moral as a complex phenomenon that has different frames of meaning and interpretation, emphasizing the universal nature of the phenomenon is affirmed

Aproximações entre a psicologia analítica e a transdisciplinaridade: as pontes de afinidades / Approaches between analytical psychology and transdisciplinarity: the affinity bridges / Aproximaciones entre la psicología analítica y la transdisciplinariedad: los puentes de afinidades

O presente artigo tem por objetivo abordar as relações entre a Psicologia Analítica de C. G. Jung e a transdisciplinaridade, a partir da noção de pontes de afinidades. Trata-se de trabalho teórico que analisa a prática desenvolvida pelo médico suíço de busca pelas afinidades entre sintomas em quadros psicopatológicos de difícil compreensão. Para tanto, uma revisão de literatura com base nas Obras Completas de C. G. Jung foi feita, na qual recuperamos o modo como Jung utilizara as noções de arquétipo, instinto e amplificação e pudemos perceber traços do que pode ser considerada uma atitude transdisciplinar quando observadas pelo viés das diretrizes traçadas na Carta da Transdisciplinaridade.

The aim of this article is to discuss the relationships between Analytical Psychology of C. G. Jung and transdisciplinarity, through the notion of affinity bridges. This theoretical work analyzes the practice developed by the Swiss doctor, searching for the affinities between symptoms in some psychopathological conditions that are difficult to understand. In order to do so, a literature review based on the Collected Works of C. G. Jung was done in which we recovered the way Jung had used the notions of Archetype, instinct and Amplification and we could perceive traces of what can be considered a transdisciplinary attitude when observed through the guidelines outlined in the Letter of Transdisciplinarity.

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo abordar las relaciones entre la Psicología Analítica de C. G. Jung y la transdisciplinariedad, a partir de la noción de puentes de afinidades. Se trata de trabajo teórico que analiza la práctica desarrollada por el médico suizo, de búsqueda por las afinidades entre síntomas en cuadros psicopatológicos de difícil comprensión. Así, fue hecha una revisión de literatura basada en la Obra Completa de C. G. Jung en que recuperamos el modo como Jung utilizaba las nociones de Arquetipo, instinto y Amplificación y pudimos percibir rastros de lo que puede ser considerada una actitud transdisciplinaria cuando observadas por el sesgo de las directrices trazadas en la Carta de la Transdisciplinariedad.

Understanding medical students' empathy based on Enneagram personality types / 한국의학교육

PURPOSE: High self-awareness can promote communication and empathy. The Enneagram is a well-known personality tool to enhance self-awareness. We evaluated differences in empathy among medical students using the Enneagram typology. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included first and second grade students at the Inje University College of Medicine. The Jefferson Scale of Empathy was used to measure empathy and the Korean Enneagram Personality Type Indicator was used for examining personality characteristics. Empathy scores were analyzed according to the Triads, Hornevian group, Harmonic group, and each Enneagram type. RESULTS: The Instinctive triad, the Withdrawns, and the Positive outlook group were the most common, and the Feeling triad, the Assertives, and the Emotional realness group were the least common. Students in the Feeling triad and the Dutifuls had higher compassionate care (CC) scores as compared to their counterparts. Type 2 and 6 students showed the two highest empathy and CC scores. The empathy score of type 3 students was the lowest. Type 7 had the lowest CC score but the highest perspective taking score. CONCLUSION: These differences in empathy according to Enneagram personality types can be applied to medical education to maintain and improve medical students' empathy.

The Connection between Charles Darwin's Evolutionary Theory of ‘Heredity of Behaviors’ and the 19th Century Neuroscience: The Influence of Neuroscience on Darwin's Overcoming of Lamarck's Theory of Evolution / 의사학

The nineteenth century neuroscience studied the instinct of animal to understand the human mind. In particular, it has been found that the inheritance of unconscious behavior like instinct is mediated through ganglion chains, such as the spinal cord or sympathetic nervous system, which control unconscious reflexes. At the same time, the theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics (hereafter ‘IAC’) widely known as Lamarck's evolutionary theory provided the theoretical frame on the origin of instinct and the heredity of action that the parental generation's habits were converted into the nature of the offspring generation. Contrary to conventional knowledge, this theory was not originally invented by Lamarck, and Darwin also did not discard this theory even after discovering the theory of natural selection in 1838 and maintained it throughout his intellectual life. Above all, in the field of epigenetics, the theory of ‘IAC’ has gained attention as a reliable scientific theory today. Darwin discovered crucial errors in the late 1830s that the Lamarck version's theory of ‘IAC’ did not adequately account for the principle of the inheritance of unconscious behavior like instinct. Lamarck's theory regarded habits as conscious and willful acts and saw that those habits are transmitted through the brain to control conscious actions. Lamarck's theory could not account for the complex and elaborate instincts of invertebrate animals, such as brainless ants. Contrary to Lamarck's view, Darwin established the new theory of ‘IAC’ that could be combined with contemporary neurological theory, which explains the heredity of unconscious behavior. Based on the knowledge of neurology, Darwin was able to translate the ‘principle of habit’ into a neurological term called ‘principle of reflex’. This article focuses on how Darwin join the theory of ‘IAC’ with nineteenth century neuroscience and how the neurological knowledge from the nineteenth century contributed to Darwin's overcoming of Lamarck's ‘IAC’. The significance of this study is to elucidate Darwin's notion of ‘IAC’ theory rather than natural selection theory as a principle of heredity of behavior. The theory of ‘IAC’ was able to account for the rapid variation of instincts in a relatively short period of time, unlike natural selection, which operates slowly in geological time spans of tens of millions of years. The nineteenth century neurological theory also provided neurological principles for ‘plasticity of instinct,’ empirically supporting the fact that all nervous systems responsible for reflexes respond sensitively to very fine stimuli. However, researchers of neo-Darwinian tendencies, such as Richard Dawkins and evolutionary psychologists advocating the ‘selfish gene’ hypothesis, which today claim to be Darwin's descendants, are characterized by human nature embedded in biological information, such as the brain and genes, so that it cannot change at all. This study aims to contribute to reconstructing the evolutionary discourse by illuminating Darwin's insights into the “plasticity of nature” that instincts can change relatively easily even at the level of invertebrates such as earthworms.

As bases, em Freud, do conceito lacaniano de gozo / The Lacanian concept of jouissance and its basis in Freud's theory / Las bases, en Freud, del concepto lacaniano de goce

Lacan, ao explicitar a questão do gozo em O seminário, livro VII, a ética da psicanálise (1959/1960), articula-o à satisfação de uma pulsão de morte que ultrapassa as barreiras do princípio do prazer, trazendo, assim, na maioria das vezes, satisfação na dor, gerada por uma compulsão à repetição inconsciente. Assim, metonimicamente, a elaboração do gozo em Lacan nos lança para noções e conceitos fundamentais em Freud, sem os quais sua enunciação se configuraria apenas em jargões e não como construção teórica a partir da clínica. Nesse sentido, sustentamos que seria impossível conceber esta elaboração do gozo, suscitada no referido seminário, sem remeter às bases conceituais que tornam o conceito de gozo possível em Lacan, bem como ao encontro com uma noção de gozo em Freud

Lacan, in expliciting the jouissance concept in The seminar, book VII, The ethics of psychoanalysis (1959/1960), hinges it to the satisfaction of a death drive which transcends the limits of the pleasure principle, therefore bringing, most of the times, satisfaction in pain, generated by an unconscious compulsion to repetition. Therefore, metonymically, working-through jouissance in Lacan takes us to key notions and concepts in Freud, without which verbalizing it would be only jargon, and not a theoretical construction from the symptoms from the clinical work. We state that it would be impossible to conceive this working-through of jouissance, evoked in the above-mentioned seminar, without referring to the conceptual bases that render possible the jouissance concept in Lacan, as well as to a notion of jouissance in Freud

Lacan, al hacer explícita la cuestión de lo goce en El seminario, libro 7, La ética del psicoanálisis (1959/1960), lo articula a satisfacción de una pulsión de muerte que sobrepasa los límites del principio del pracer, lo que hace que, en la mayoría de las veces, la satisfacción en el dolor, generada por una compulsión inconsciente a la repetición. Así, metonímicamente, la elaboración del concepto de goce en Lacan nos lanza a nociones y conceptos fundamentales en Freud, sin lo cual su enunciación se limitaría solo a la jerga y no como una construcción teórica de la clínica. Afirmamos que no sería posible concebir la elaboración del concepto de goce, evocado en el VII seminario, sin referirse a las bases conceptuales que hicieron posible el concepto de goce en Lacan, así como el encuentro con una noción de goce en Freud

Vietnamese Immigrant Women's Experience of Maternity after Childbirth

PURPOSE: To understand the meaning and essence of Vietnamese migrant women's maternal experience after childbirth. METHODS: A phenomenological methodology was used for this study. Study participants were six Vietnamese marriage migrant women who had experience of childbirth in Korea. Data collection period was from February 1 through November 4, 2016. Data were collected through in-depth interview and analyzed with the Giorgi method. RESULTS: As a result of study, six main meanings and 12 themes were produced. The six main meanings produced in this study were ‘childbirth realized in the double difficulty’, ‘concerned health between the ở cữ and the sanhujori’, ‘tired body with hard parenting’, ‘crowding regret for international marriage after childbirth’, ‘Grateful partner becoming the prop’, and ‘Growing maternal instinct by moving the mind and body in a foreign country’. CONCLUSION: Consideration for postnatal care is necessary from Vietnamese marriage migrant women's viewpoint. Systematic education programs that can improve nursing capability of medical personnel for multicultured clinical practice with development of a postnatal care program suited to multiculture are also necessary.

Repeated Failure in Reward Pursuit Alters Innate Drosophila Larval Behaviors / 神经科学通报·英文版

Animals always seek rewards and the related neural basis has been well studied. However, what happens when animals fail to get a reward is largely unknown, although this is commonly seen in behaviors such as predation. Here, we set up a behavioral model of repeated failure in reward pursuit (RFRP) in Drosophila larvae. In this model, the larvae were repeatedly prevented from reaching attractants such as yeast and butyl acetate, before finally abandoning further attempts. After giving up, they usually showed a decreased locomotor speed and impaired performance in light avoidance and sugar preference, which were named as phenotypes of RFRP states. In larvae that had developed RFRP phenotypes, the octopamine concentration was greatly elevated, while tβh mutants devoid of octopamine were less likely to develop RFRP phenotypes, and octopamine feeding efficiently restored such defects. By down-regulating tβh in different groups of neurons and imaging neuronal activity, neurons that regulated the development of RFRP states and the behavioral exhibition of RFRP phenotypes were mapped to a small subgroup of non-glutamatergic and glutamatergic octopaminergic neurons in the central larval brain. Our results establish a model for investigating the effect of depriving an expected reward in Drosophila and provide a simplified framework for the associated neural basis.

[A] destruição animot [relações entre a filosofia e a psicanálise em Derrida] / The animot destruction [The relationships between philosophy and psychoanalysis in Derrida]

Trabalhamos com o quase conceito animot de Derrida, narrando sua experiência trágica entre o pensamento poético e o saber filosófico, e sua leitura deste quase conceito na teoria psicanalítica, forjando no pensamento da diferença a cena da escritura - inconsciente como escritura - e este outro do outro {que chama} {de} animot, que só se distingue na escritura e não da voz revelada. Nessa leitura, para {o} animot tudo é permitido.

We have been working with Derrida´s almost concept animot, narrating his tragic experience between poetic thought and philosophical knowledge and his reading of this almost concept in psychoanalytic theory, faking the writing scene in the thought of difference - unconscious as writing - and this other one from the other one {which is called} animot, which is only distinguished in writing and not from the revealed voice. In this reading, everything is permitted for animot.

Critical neuropsychobiological analysis of panic attack- and anticipatory anxiety-like behaviors in rodents confronted with snakes in polygonal arenas and complex labyrinths: a comparison to the elevated plus- and T-maze behavioral tests

Objective: To compare prey and snake paradigms performed in complex environments to the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and T-maze (ETM) tests for the study of panic attack- and anticipatory anxiety-like behaviors in rodents. Methods: PubMed was reviewed in search of articles focusing on the plus maze test, EPM, and ETM, as well as on defensive behaviors displayed by threatened rodents. In addition, the authors’ research with polygonal arenas and complex labyrinth (designed by the first author for confrontation between snakes and small rodents) was examined. Results: The EPM and ETM tests evoke anxiety/fear-related defensive responses that are pharmacologically validated, whereas the confrontation between rodents and snakes in polygonal arenas with or without shelters or in the complex labyrinth offers ethological conditions for studying more complex defensive behaviors and the effects of anxiolytic and panicolytic drugs. Prey vs. predator paradigms also allow discrimination between non-oriented and oriented escape behavior. Conclusions: Both EPM and ETM simple labyrinths are excellent apparatuses for the study of anxiety- and instinctive fear-related responses, respectively. The confrontation between rodents and snakes in polygonal arenas, however, offers a more ethological environment for addressing both unconditioned and conditioned fear-induced behaviors and the effects of anxiolytic and panicolytic drugs.

The Healing Effect of ‘Self-archetype’ Manifested in the Analysis of ‘Hunger’ and ‘Compulsive Overeating’ : Investigation Focused on the ‘Serpent’ Imago / 정신신체의학

OBJECTIVES: In this study I made investigations how ‘strange hunger’ and ‘compulsive overeating’ threatening the ego could be resolved and healed. And I aim to present a healing model of psychotherapy and analysis as one of methods of treatment for ‘eating disorder’. METHODS: The analysands of this study were outpatients who visited the department of psychiatry of Yong-In Mental Hospital from March 2008 to February 2017 with ‘hunger’ and ‘compulsive overeating’ as their chief complaints. This study is based on the detailed records of the process of analysis including dreams and visions. RESULTS: 1) Throughout the process of analysis that explore both consciousness and unconsciousness(dream, vision), hunger and compulsive overeating is improved and healed in all analysands. 2) The Imago of ‘Snake’ appeared in dreams and visions of all analysands. 3) By suffering impulse rather than acting it out, impulse transformes itself into ‘Imago’. As impulse transforms into ‘Imago’ and reveals the ‘meaning’ of it, ego-threatening power of impulse weakens and mood is calmed. And as a result, synthesis of consciousness and unconsciousness and creative transformation of personality can be possible. CONCLUSIONS: In some people, ‘hunger’ and ‘compulsive overeating’ are ‘creative impulses’ that aim ‘Self-realization’ which can be fruited as creative transformation of personality and as creative transformation in the relation with the world. ‘Creative impulses’, which often can be experienced as instinctive impulse or emotional suffering unless ego realizes the meaning, reveal the meaning in dreams or visions through ‘Imago’ and ‘Symbol’.

A noção de trabalho na experiência psicanalítica / La notion de travail dans l'expérience psychanalytique / El concepto de trabajo basado en la experiencia psicoanalítica / The concept of work in the psychoanalytic experience

Resumo: A partir da pesquisa das diversas maneiras como a noção de trabalho aparece ao longo da obra freudiana, tomando como ponto de partida os termos psicanalíticos compostos com o sufixo "arbeit", que apontam principalmente para o esforço do psiquismo em lidar com o excesso pulsional, este artigo enfatiza a importância dessa noção para se pensar a experiência psicanalítica como um trabalho erótico em busca da mobilidade pulsional, da transformação subjetiva e de outros modos de ser e acontecer na vida.

À partir de la recherche des différentes manières dont la notion de travail apparaît dans l'œuvre de Freud, à partir des termes psychanalytiques composés par le suffixe arbeit, lesquels remarquent principalement les efforts du psychisme pour traiter l'excès pulsionnel, cet article souligne l'importance de cette notion pour penser l'expérience psychanalytique comme un travail érotique en recherche de la mobilité pulsionnelle, de la transformation subjective et d'autres modes d'être et de se placer dans la vie.

Resumen: De la investigación de las varias maneras en las que aparece la noción de trabajo a lo largo de la obra de Freud y tomando como punto de partida los términos psicoanalíticos compuestos con el sufijo "arbeit" que apuntan, sobre todo, al esfuerzo de la psique/psiquismo para lidiar con el exceso pulsional, este artículo subrayó la importancia del concepto de trabajo para pensar en la experiencia psicoanalítica como un trabajo erótico en búsqueda de la movilidad pulsional, la transformación subjetiva y otras formas de ser y suceder en la vida.

Abstract: Based on the research of several ways in which the concept of work appears throughout Freud's work, beginning with the psychoanalytic terms composed with the suffix arbeit, which indicate the psyche's effort in dealing with the instinctual excess, this article emphasizes the importance of this concept, reflecting on the psychoanalytic experience as an erotic work searching for the instinctual trend, for the subjective transformation, and for other ways of experiencing life.

Life's Experiences of Middle-aged Divorced Women with Higher Education and Profession

PURPOSE: Today, an increasing number of divorce is shifting family forms and gender role practices. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand life's experiences of middle-aged divorced women with higher education and profession lives in Korea. METHODS: For this study, 6 middle-aged divorced women with similar backgrounds were recruited from December 2013 to June 2014, using in-depth individual interviews. Data analysis was performed using Giorgi's phenomenological methodology. RESULTS: Individual interviews revealed the following 15 meaning of themes and 5 themes. 1) A woman considering herself to be ashamed that she has not lived an ordinary life. 2) The destiny of a woman not having a fortune. 3) An exhilarated mood like a teenage girl's 4) Suppressing an instinctive desire of sex. 5) Being a mother as a woman head of household. CONCLUSION: This study provides deep understanding of middle-aged divorced women with higher levels of education and professional lives of women who experienced difficult times and overcame their problems. Based on the results of this study, nursing strategies for enhancing quality of life need to be created and implemented for all professional women by Korean community networking gradually.

Acerca de lo natural en el hombre: reflexiones a propósito de los conceptos de instinto y pulsión en el psicoanálisis / About the natural in man: reflections on the concepts of instinct and drive in psychoanalysis

Los conceptos de pulsión e instinto son fundamentales para comprender las bases de lo que podría llamarse "naturaleza humana". No obstante, al perseguir tales conceptos, la naturaleza misma del ser humano, se tambalea. A lo largo del presente escrito, procura darse cuenta de la paradoja entre los conceptos de pulsión e instinto, pero al mismo tiempo, de la imposibilidad de prescindir de uno u otro para dar cuenta de aquello que pudiera constituirse como factor diferencial entre el ser humano y las demás especies. Es pues, un recorrido por algunos de los conceptos planteados por Freud y Lacan, a propósito de las pulsiones y los instintos.

The concepts of drive and instinct are fundamental to understanding the bases of what might be called "human nature". However, in pursuing such concepts, the very nature of the human being is reeling. Throughout this paper, seeks to realize the paradox between the concepts of drive and instinct, but at the same time, the impossibility of dispensing with one or the other to account for what could be a differential factor between humans and the other species. It is, therefore, a tour of some of the concepts proposed by Freud and Lacan, with regard to instincts and instincts.

Instinto (Instinkt), pulsão (Trieb), objeto (Objekt): reflexões / Instinct (Instinkt), drive (Trieb), object (Objekt): reflections

Procuro neste trabalho cotejar conceitos como os de instinto, pulsão e objeto com os de representação, real, imaginário e simbólico, objetividade e subjetividade, ideal do eu e eu ideal. Relaciono também tais conceitos com a experiência humana e animal. Para tanto me valho de autores da psicanálise como Sigmund Freud, André Green, David Maldavsky, Jacques Lacan, Melanie Klein, Donald Winnicott, René Spitz assim como autores da biologia e etologia como Lynn Margulis, Dorion Sagan, Ronald Fletcher, Konrad Lorenz, Niko Tinbergen. De meu ponto de vista a psicanálise tem se descuidado de conceitos e compreensões advindas destes últimos autores. Procuro, portanto, estabelecer um possível nexo entre a psicanálise e os mesmos.

Instinct (Instinkt), drive (Trieb), object (Objekt): reflectionsIn this paper, I intend to collate concepts such as instinct, drive, and object, withrepresentation, real, imaginary and symbolic, objectivity and subjectivity, idealof ego and ego ideal. I also correlate such concepts with human and animalexperience. For that, I call authors of psychoanalysis such as Sigmund Freud,André Green, David Maldavsky, Jacques Lacan, Melanie Klein, Donald Winnicott,René Spitz, as well as authors on biology and ethology such as Lynn Margulis,Dorion Sagan, Ronald Fletcher, Konrad Lorenz, Niko Tinbergen. From mystandpoint, psychoanalysis has not paid attention to concepts and understandingsthat come from these latter. Therefore, I try to establish a possible connectionbetween psychoanalysis and those authors.

Instinto (Instinkt), pulsión (Trieb), objeto (Objekt): reflexionesBusco en este trabajo cotejar conceptos como los de instinto, pulsión y objeto conlos de representación, real, imaginario y simbólico, objetividad y subjetividad,ideal del yo y yo ideal. Relaciono además tales conceptos con la experienciahumana y animal. Para ello, me valgo de autores del psicoanálisis como SigmundFreud, André Green, David Maldavsky, Jacques Lacan, Melanie Klein, DonaldWinnicott, René Spitz, así como autores de la biología y etología como LynnMargulis, Dorion, Sagan, Ronald Fletcher, Konrad Lorenz, Niko Tinbergen. Desdemi mirada, el psicoanálisis viene se descuidando de conceptos y comprensionesadvenidas de esos últimos autores. Busco, por lo tanto, establecer un posible nexoentre el psicoanálisis y esos.

O sentido da maternidade e da infertilidade: um discurso singular / The meaning of maternity and infertility: a singular speech

A infertilidade é definida como ausência da concepção após 12 meses de atividade sexual sem uso de contraceptivos. Sua prevalência na população varia entre os diferentes países: entre um mínimo de 5% e um máximo de 30% de todos os casais. As técnicas empregadas para o tratamento da infertilidade são conhecidas como "reprodução assistida". A realização do presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal investigar, nas mulheres entrevistadas, os aspectos inconscientes do desejo singular pela maternidade e a dificuldade do feminino em lidar com a impossibilidade de gerar um filho. A amostra foi composta por 200 mulheres que estavam sendo submetidas a tratamentos de reprodução humana assistida. Foram realizadas quatro entrevistas com cada participante, e os aspectos inconscientes foram analisados a partir de cada um dos discursos, que foram analisados e interpretados numa visão biopsicossocial, com ênfase, entretanto, no pensamento psicanalítico. A análise dos discursos foi realizada através da confrontação dos dados e supostos teóricos; a pesquisa segue, dessa maneira, uma metodologia quali-quantitativa...

In the literature infertility is defined as the absence of conception after 12 months of sexual activity without contraceptive use. Its prevalence in the population varies among different countries, from a minimum of 5% to a maximum of 30% of all couples. Considering the physical and psychic suffering of women who undergo reproduction treatments, the main aim of this study was to investigate the unconscious aspects of the singular desire for maternity and the difficulty in coping with the impossibility of creating a child. There was a subversion of the body, where "Another" body appears in enigmatic form in their statements. It is here that the desire is installed. Individual interviews were carried out, from which the manifest unconscious aspects contained within the statements of these women were studied and analyzed from a biopsychosocial perspective, attributing greater relevance to the contributions of psychoanalysis...