Instituições residenciais brasileiras para idosos e condições psicológicas e cognitivas de residentes / Brazilian long-term care institutions and psychological and cognitive conditions of residents / Los hogares para ancianos en brasil y las condiciones psicológicas y cognitivas de sus residentes

O aumento da população idosa no Brasil tem feito crescer a demanda por cuidados de longa duração oferecidos por instituições de longa permanência para idosos (Ilpi). A literatura apresenta caracterizações de Ilpi em cidades ou regiões específicas, mas uma visão geral dessas instituições e de seus residentes, especialmente em termos de características psicológicas e cognitivas, pode ajudar psicólogos a compreenderem as necessidades desses idosos e a planejar intervenções. O objetivo desta revisão integrativa é caracterizar Ilpi brasileiras, em termos de condições de funcionamento e de oferta de serviços, bem como de funções psicológicas e cognitivas de seus residentes, com fundamentação na literatura científica. Por meio de buscas nas bases SciELO, PePSIC e Periódicos Capes, foram selecionados nove artigos que caracterizam Ilpi brasileiras e 19 estudos que qualificam as condições psicológicas e cognitivas de residentes. Os artigos caracterizam 41 Ilpi de quatro do país. A maioria dessas instituições eram filantrópicas e recebiam idosos de ambos os sexos (majoritariamente mulheres), com preferência a pessoas independentes para atividades de vida diária. Os ambientes físicos eram compatíveis com a legislação, mas as rotinas eram rígidas e havia pouca oferta de atividades de lazer, o que contribuía para a baixa autonomia dos residentes. Constataram-se quadros reduzidos de funcionários, majoritariamente profissionais de saúde e cuidadores. A depressão foi a condição mais estudada, com prevalência média de 50% em residentes. A prevalência de declínio cognitivo variou entre 45% e 86%. Discute-se a necessidade de profissionais preparados para o trabalho junto a essa população, especialmente psicólogos capazes de intervir sobre o sofrimento psíquico de residentes.(AU)

The growth in Brazil's older population has increased the demand for long-term care provided by long-term care institutions (ILPI) for older adults. Although studies have characterized these institutions and their residents in specific cities or regions, a more general analysis, including psychological and cognitive characteristics, can help psychologists understand the needs of this population and plan interventions. This integrative literature review sought to characterize Brazilian ILPI regarding environmental conditions and service provision, as well as the psychological and cognitive functions of residents. Based on a literature search conducted in the SciELO, PePSIC and Capes databases, we selected nine papers characterizing Brazilian ILPI and 19 studies characterizing the psychological and cognitive conditions of residents. The selected papers analyzed 41 ILPI from four Brazilian regions. Most were philanthropic and received older adults of both genders (mostly women), preferably those independent for performing daily activities. Despite presenting a physical environment compatible with the legislation, all ILPIs had rigid routines and little time for leisure activities, contributing to the residents' low autonomy, and had reduced staff - mostly health professionals and caregivers. Depression had an average prevalence of 50%, while the prevalence of cognitive decline ranged from 45% to 86%. We need professionals prepared to work with this population, especially psychologists capable of intervening on the resident's psychological suffering.(AU)

El aumento de la población adulta mayor en Brasil ha ocasionado una mayor demanda de cuidados que ofrecen los hogares para ancianos (HA). La literatura presenta caracterizaciones de HA en ciudades o regiones específicas, y la visión general de estos establecimientos y sus residentes, especialmente de sus características psicológicas y cognitivas, pueden ayudar a los psicólogos a comprender las necesidades de esta población y a planear intervenciones. Esta revisión integrativa pretende evaluar los HA en Brasil en cuanto a condiciones de funcionalidad y a oferta de servicios, así como la salud psicológica y cognitivas de los residentes. A partir de la búsqueda de los datos en las bases SciELO, PePSIC y Periódicos Capes, se han seleccionado nueve artículos que evaluaban los HA brasileños y 19 estudios que caracterizaban las condiciones psicológicas y cognitivas de los residentes. Los artículos analizaron 41 HA de cuatro regiones del país. La mayoría de estos establecimientos era filantrópica y atendía a los adultos mayores de ambos sexos (la mayoría mujeres), con el requisito de que estuviesen aptos para realizar las actividades diarias. El ambiente físico estaba compatible con la legislación, pero las rutinas eran rígidas y había poca oferta de las actividades de ocio, lo que les aportaba a los residentes muy poca autonomía. Se contaba con un reducido número de trabajadores cuya mayoría era profesionales de la salud y cuidadores. La depresión fue la enfermedad más estudiada, con una prevalencia media del 50%. La prevalencia de disminución cognitiva osciló entre el 45% y el 86%. Esto evidencia la necesidad de capacitar a los profesionales para el trabajo con las personas mayores, en especial los psicólogos capaces de intervenir en el sufrimiento psíquico de los residentes.(AU)

¿Cuál es el efecto de los servicios residenciales para personas con enfermedad mental grave en comparación a la hospitalización psiquiátrica cerrada?: síntesis rápida de evidencia / What is the effect of residential services for persons with severe mental illness compared to closed psychiatric hospitalization?: rapid evidence synthesis

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO La desinstitucionalización se refiere al cambio en la atención de personas con enfermedad mental, desde el hospital a entornos comunitarios. La intervención denominada servicios residenciales o vida independiente son un medio para lograrla. En este contexto el Departamento de Salud Mental solicita esta síntesis de evidencia con el objetivo de evaluar la efectividad y consideraciones de implementación de servicios residenciales para personas con enfermedad mental grave, informando así a la toma de decisiones. METODOLOGÍA Se buscó revisiones sistemáticas que respondieran la pregunta abordada 4 bases de datos. También se utiliza la metodología GRADE. Se incluyen documentos que refieran a servicios residenciales para personas adultas con enfermedad mental grave con antecedentes de hospitalizaciones de al menos 6 meses. Se excluyen estudios centrados en población con discapacidades cognitivas, en situación de calle, con trastornos alimenticios, por abuso de sustancias. Además, de intervenciones de hospitalización breve, dado que no necesariamente estaban asociadas a un servicio residencial. RESULTADOS Se utilizaron 3 revisiones sistemáticas, de las cuales se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: -Los servicios residenciales en comparación a los que permanecen en atención cerrada, podrían hacer poca o ninguna diferencia sobre la calidad de vida (certeza de la evidencia MUY BAJA). -Los servicios residenciales podrían mejorar ligeramente la psicopatología general síntomas negativos y positivos, si se compara con el grupo que permanece en atención cerrada. Además, podrían mejorar ligeramente la salud mental, si se compara con el grupo que permanece en atención cerrada (certeza de evidencia MUY BAJA). -Desde la perspectiva de los cuidadores y el paciente, los servicios residenciales podrían mejorar ligeramente el desempeño y expectativas en las actividades sociales y de tiempo libre, respecto al grupo que permanece en atención cerrada (certeza de evidencia MUY BAJA). -Al 1er y 5to año, el número promedio de amigos y confidentes del grupo de servicios residenciales podría ser levemente mayor respecto al grupo de atención cerrada (certeza de la evidencia MUY BAJA). Los servicios residenciales podrían aumentar el número personas que desean permanecer el lugar en el que se encuentran (certeza de evidencia MUY BAJA).

Valoración de independencia funcional en pacientes geriátricos / Functional Independence assessment in geriatrics patients

Habitualmente las personas adultas mayores presentan cambios físicos, psicológicos, y sociales que afectan las funciones básicas debido al envejecimiento fisiológico. El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar el grado de independencia funcional en pacientes geriátricos y su relación con la edad, nivel de educación y tiempo de residencia. Pacientes y Métodos Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal enfocándose en la valoración del grado de independencia funcional bajo el índice de Barthel; efectuado en residentes con rangos de edad entre 65- 90 años, donde se obtuvo una descripción importante del nivel de independencia en personas de la tercera edad. El total de la población (muestra) fue de 110 residentes (57 mujeres y 53 hombres). Resultados Pacientes del sexo masculino tuvieron mayor independencia funcional (43% hombres vs. 32% mujeres), corroborando una apreciación estadística de un censo nacional hecho en el año 2010. Adicionalmente, los resultados han sido analizados con sus correlaciones y las significancias del nivel de funcionalidad de los residentes respecto a su edad, nivel de educación, y tiempo de residencia. Conclusiones El nivel de instrucción mostró una ligera correlación con su nivel de funcionalidad, sin embargo, no se encontró relación entre la funcionalidad con la edad y/o tiempo de permanencia en el hogar. Futuros estudios a mayor escala deberían ser efectuados para un apoyo estadístico de relevancia.

Older adults usually have physical, psychological, and social changes that affect basic functions due to physiological aging. The objective of this study was to assess the degree of functional independence in geriatric patients and their relationship to age, level of education and time of residence. Patients and Methods A descriptive, cross-cutting study focused on the assessment of the degree of functional independence under barthel's index was carried out; made in residents with age ranges between 65-90 years, where an important description of the level of independence in seniors was obtained. The total population (sample) was 110 residents (57 women and 53 men). Results It showed that men have greater independence functionality (43% men vs. 32% women), corroborating this appreciation with a national census statistic performed in 2010. In addition, the results have been analyzed with its correlation and significance of the Residents' Functional Level outcome regarding to their age, education level, and time in the institution. Conclusions The educational level showed a slight correlation with its physical functionality, however, no connection was found between functionality and age, nor institutionalized time. Further studies should be performed on a major scale to support static relevance

Cuando el Nombre-del-Padre dejó de ser un significante / When the Name-of-the-Father ceased to be a significant

El presente trabajo busca determinar el motivo por el que el concepto de Nombre-del-Padre es modi!cado por Lacan en su obra ¿Qué problemas buscaba responder Lacan al momento de concebirlo como un signi!cante y cuáles los que enfrenta a partir de los años ´70? ¿Qué implicación posee la pluralización del concepto y su posterior estabilización en la !gura de cordel para la lectura psicoanalítica de la clínica psicopatológica?

The present work seeks to determine the reason why the concept of Name-of-the-Father is modi!ed by Lacan in his work. What problems sought to respond Lacan at the time of conceiving it as a signi!cant and which faces from the 70's? What implication has the pluralization of the concept and its subsequent stabilization in the !gure of string for the psychoanalytic reading of the psychopathological clinic?

Interventions to Reduce the Problems of Abused Children and Adolescents in Residential Facilities in South Korea: An Integrative Review

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to review the literature on intervention studies for abused children and adolescent in residential facilities in South Korea (ACARF-K). The goal was to understand the problems they experience, to evaluate the content and effectiveness of interventions applied to them, and to develop evidence-based nursing intervention programs. METHODS: We used four electronic databases to search for relevant articles. 18 studies according to Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review method to synthesize the literature. RESULTS: The ACARF-K experienced problems in biophysical, psychological, and sociocultural domains related to attachment impairment. Effective intervention strategies were building trust through empathy and fulfillment of needs, encouraging ACARF-K to express themselves and helping them to clarify emotions in an unthreatening environment, and improving their self-concept through activities in which they experienced achievement. CONCLUSION: Interventions are needed to help restore attachment damage among ACARF-K. The interventions in this study utilized emotional, cognitive, relational, and behavioral therapeutic tools to improve their psychological and social capacities. Future intervention programs for ACARF-K should include these key elements.

Preliminary results from Brazil's first recovery housing program / Dados preliminares do primeiro programa de moradia monitorada no Brasil

Abstract Introduction: The recovery housing (RH) program was initiated in São Paulo with the objective of providing treatment for substance use disorders and addressing users' housing and employment problems. The purpose of this study was to describe the model based on its first 11 months of operation, it was launched in June 2016 in Brazil. Method: We carried out a retrospective analysis of the records of all subjects treated in the RH of the Restart Program (Programa Recomeço) since its creation, from June 2016 to May 2017. Results: Sixty-nine subjects were included. Thirty-five (51%) remained in the household until the end of treatment or were reinserted in society. Thirty-four (49%) presented recurrence during their stay, of which 16 (47%) volunteered for treatment in a therapeutic community or psychiatric hospital, 8 (23.5%) chose to continue with outpatient treatment only, 6 (17.7%) returned to their families and continued to receive outpatient treatment, and 4 (11.8%) discontinued the treatment. Of the 35 subjects who completed the RH program, 28 (80%) were in employment and 7 (20%) received governmental support for permanent disability on medical or psychiatric grounds. Conclusion: RH can be an important component of integrated care and is used in several countries. Although controversial, the use of urine tests to control relapse seems to have a positive impact on adherence to treatment and maintenance of abstinence. These preliminary findings corroborate, with clear limitations, the evidence available in the literature showing that RH programs are effective for the treatment of addictions.

Resumo Introdução: O Programa Moradia Monitorada (MM) foi iniciado em São Paulo com o objetivo de prover tratamento para transotrnos de uso de substâncias e problemas relacionados a moradia e emprego. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever o modelo com base nos primeiros 11 meses de operação (o programa foi lançado em junho de 2016 no Brasil). Métodos: Realizamos um estudo retrospectivo utilizando os registros de todos os indivíduos tratados no MM do Programa Recomeço desde a sua criação. Resultados: Sessenta e nove indivíduos foram incluídos. Trinta e cinco (51%) permaneceram no tratamento até o fim ou foram reinseridos socialmente com sucesso. Trinta e quatro sujeitos (49%) apresentaram recidiva durante a permanência. Destes, 16 (47%) se voluntariaram para tratamento em comunidades terapêuticas ou hospitais psiquiátricos, 8 (23,5%) escolheram permanecer apenas no tratamento ambulatorial, 6 (17.7%) retornaram para suas famílias e continuaram o tratamento em uma unidade ambulatorial próxima ao domicílio, e 4 (11.8%) descontinuaram o tratamento. Dos 35 pacientes que completaram o tratamento, 28 (80%) estavam empregados em serviço regular e 7 (20%) recebiam aposentadoria por questões clínicas e/ou psiquiátricas. Conclusão: O modelo MM pode ser um componente importante na via de cuidados integrados e é utilizado em vários países. Apesar de controverso, o uso de análise de urina para vigilância da recidiva e da recorrência parece ter um impacto positivo na adesão ao tratamento e na manutenção da abstinência. Nossos achados preliminares corroboram, com claras limitações, os resultados reportados previamente na literatura, de que os programas de MM são efetivos no tratamento da dependência química.

Qualidade de vida e níveis de atividade física de moradores de residências terapêuticas do sul do Brasil / Quality of life and levels of physical activity of residents living in therapeutic residential care facilities in Southern Brazil

Resumo O interesse na qualidade de vida de pessoas com transtornos mentais moradores de residências terapêuticas é um importante indicador para a avaliação da intervenção terapêutica na área da saúde. A atividade física pode contribuir para uma boa qualidade de vida. Avaliamos a qualidade de vida e os níveis de atividade física em moradores das residências terapêuticas da grande Porto Alegre. Estudo de série de casos (n = 68), tendo como instrumentos SF-36, EuroQol, IPAQ e questões sociodemográficas. Os resultados obtidos pelo SF-36 demonstraram que o domínio do estado geral de saúde foi o menor (57,47 ± 14,27). Os maiores scores encontrados foram nos aspectos sociais (77,39 ± 20,21) e nos físicos (77,57 ± 39,71). Ao menos um problema (moderado ou extremo), em no mínimo uma dimensão, foi evidenciado em 82% dos moradores por meio do EuroQol. Os níveis de atividade física mostraram que a maioria dos moradores são insuficientemente ativos (48,5%) e 14,7% sedentários. Os domínios dor e mobilidade sugerem que os moradores não são incentivados suficientemente à atividade física. Conhecer a percepção da qualidade de vida dos moradores das residências terapêuticas é fundamental para estabelecer políticas públicas eficazes.

Abstract Interest in the quality of life of people with mental disorders living in therapeutic residential care facilities is an important indicator for the evaluation of therapeutic interventions in the area of health. Physical activity can contribute to a good quality of life. This study evaluated the quality of life and levels of physical activity of people living in therapeutic residential care facilities in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre. This case series study (n = 68) used SF-36, EuroQol and IPAQ and social-demographic questions. The SF-36 results showed that the domain of general health received the lowest scores (57.47 ± 14.27). The highest scores were in terms of social aspects (77.39 ± 20.21) and physical aspects (77.57 ± 39.71). When using EuroQol, at least one problem (mild or extreme) in at least one dimension was evident among 82% of the residents. The physical activity levels showed that most of the participants were insufficiently active (48.5%) and 14.7% were sedentary. The domains of pain and mobility suggested that the residents were not being encouraged enough to perform physical activities. Knowledge about the perceptions of those living in therapeutic residential care facilities is critical in order to establish effective public policies.

A Study on Self-reliance and Residential Service Needs of Patients with Chronic Mental Illness / 정신신체의학

OBJECTIVES: Residential services are provided to help patients with chronic mental illness, but those have some problems because of provider focused services and uniformized training. So the purpose of the study was to explore residential needs of patients with the chronic mental illness such as chronic schizophrenia. METHODS: A survey was conducted on 139 mental illness patients using mental health facilities at Ansan city area in South Korea. We investigated their demographic and social characteristics, the degree of self-reliance and residential service needs. RESULTS: More than half of them had the desire for self-reliance, and they needed job support mostly. They were positive about the use of residential facilities and needed daily living skill and social skill training. Also they preferred day rehabilitation in type of facility. And they wanted to operate in a way that they returned home at the weekend after group home. CONCLUSIONS: For facilitating the recovery of patients with chronic mental illness, it would be necessary to provide individualized residential rehabilitation services and to improve existing residential facilities and programs reflected on the patients' needs.

Severe Injuries from Low-height Falls in the Elderly Population

BACKGROUND: Falls from low-height can cause severe injuries in the elderly population. This study was conducted to determine characteristics of injuries from low-height falls. METHODS: We retrospectively review surveillance data on injured patients who presented to six emergency departments from January 2011 to December 2015. Study subjects were divided into severe group and non-severe group based on severity of injury. The general and clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups and analyzed factors related with severe injuries. RESULTS: Of 1,190 elderly patients, severe group comprised 82 patients (7%). The severe group was 2 years younger than the non-severe group. In the severe group, 61% was men and 34% in the non-severe group. In the non-severe, the injuries more commonly occurred at residential facilities and indoors than those in the severe group. Paid work during injury occurrence was 15%, and the more patients presented with non-alert consciousness in the severe group. The most common regions of major injury were head and neck in the severe group. CONCLUSION: Paid work, non-alert consciousness, and major injury to head and neck are relating factors to severe injuries in the elderly population.

Predictors of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: Based on the Model of Multi-Dimensional Behavior

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors predicting behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in persons with dementia. Factors including the patient, caregiver, and environment based on the multi-dimensional behavioral model were tested. METHODS: The subjects of the study were 139 pairs of persons with dementia and their caregivers selected from four geriatric long-term care facilities located in S city, G province, Korea. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, inverse normal transformations, Pearson correlation coefficients, Spearman's correlation coefficients and hierarchical multiple regression with the SPSS Statistics 22.0 for Windows program. RESULTS: Mean score for BPSD was 40.16. Depression (β=.42, p<.001), exposure to noise in the evening noise (β=−.20, p=.014), and gender (β=.17, p=.042) were factors predicting BPSD in long-term care facilities, which explained 25.2% of the variance in the model. CONCLUSION: To decrease BPSD in persons with dementia, integrated nursing interventions should consider factors of the patient, caregiver, and environment.

A reabilitação psicossocial na rede oeste do município de São Paulo: potencialidades e desafios / La rehabilitación psicosocial en la red oeste del municipio de São Paulo: potencialidades y desafíos / Psychosocial rehabilitation in the west network of the municipality of São Paulo: potentialities and challenges

Resumo OBJETIVO Descrever as estratégias de Reabilitação Psicossocial conduzidas na Rede de Atenção Psicossocial da região Oeste do munícipio de São Paulo. METODOLOGIA estudo qualitativo descritivo, realizado com 123 profissionais, de setembro de 2015 a julho de 2016. Dados processados pelo software Alceste e analisados a luz da categoria analítica Reabilitação Psicossocial de Benedetto Saraceno e literatura complementar. RESULTADOS Emergiram três classes que tratam do potencial e escassez dos serviços residenciais terapêuticos enquanto espaço de retomada da vida cotidiana; importância das atividades culturais para troca de identidades e cuidado para além do âmbito da saúde e; a potencialidade dos projetos de geração de trabalho e renda para retomada do poder contratual. CONCLUSÃO As estratégias contribuem para construção da subjetividade e retomada da cidadania. Para sustentar a Reabilitação Psicossocial é necessário superar as fragilidades de recursos humanos, físicos e estruturais. Ainda assim, há potencialidade no trabalho colaborativo e de responsabilização das equipes.

Resumen OBJETIVO Describir las estrategias de Rehabilitación Psicosocial conducidas en la Red de Atención Psicosocial de la región Oeste del municipio de São Paulo. METODOLOGÍA Estudio cualitativo y descriptivo, realizado con 123 profesionales, de septiembre de 2015 a julio de 2016. Datos procesados ​​por el software Alceste y analizados a la luz de la categoría analítica Rehabilitación Psicosocial de Benedetto Saraceno y literatura complementaria. RESULTADOS Emergieron tres clases que tratan del potencial y de la escasez de los servicios residenciales terapéuticos como espacio de retomada a la vida cotidiana; la importancia de las actividades culturales para el intercambio de identidades y del cuidado más allá del ámbito de la salud; y la potencialidad de los proyectos de generación de trabajo y renta para reanudación del poder contractual. CONCLUSIÓN Las estrategias contribuyen a construir la subjetividad y a reanudar la ciudadanía. Para sostener la Rehabilitación Psicosocial, es necesario superar las debilidades de los recursos humanos, físicos y estructurales. Sin embargo, hay potencialidad en el trabajo colaborativo y de responsabilidad de los equipos.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To describe the strategies of the Psychosocial Rehabilitation conducted in the Network of Psychosocial Care of the western region of the municipality of São Paulo. METHODOLOGY Descriptive qualitative study, carried out with 123 professionals, from September 2015 to July 2016. Data processed by the software Alceste and analyzed in light of the analytical category Psychosocial Rehabilitation of Benedetto Saraceno and complementary literature. RESULTS Three classes emerged that address the potential and scarcity of therapeutic residential services as a space to resume the daily life; importance of cultural activities for the exchange of identities and care beyond the scope of health; the potential of projects to generate work and income to regain the contractual power. CONCLUSION The strategies contribute to the construction of subjectivity and the resumption of the citizenship. In order to sustain the Psychosocial Rehabilitation it is necessary to overcome the weaknesses of human, physical and structural resources. Still, there is potential in the collaborative work and accountability of the teams.

Implementación y funcionamiento de hogares protegidos para personas con trastornos mentales graves en Iquitos, Perú (2013-2016) / Implementation and operation of protected residences for people with serious mental illness in Iquitos, Peru (2013-2016) / Implementação e funcionamento de residências terapêuticas para pessoas com transtornos mentais graves em Iquitos, Peru (2013-2016)

RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar el proceso de implementación y funcionamiento de los hogares protegidos para las personas con trastornos mentales graves en Iquitos, con base en el beneficio y la mejora en la calidad de vida percibida. Métodos Estudio con enfoque cualitativo y transversal. Se realizaron 36 entrevistas a profundidad a residentes del hogar, cuidadores, vecinos y profesionales de salud. Se llenó una ficha sociodemográfica y clínica por cada residente y una ficha de procesos de gestión por cada hogar protegido. Se realizaron grupos focales con gestores y cuidadores. Resultados El tiempo de estancia prolongada manicomial previa de los residentes de hogares protegidos fue de 7 años y 3 meses. Solo 28 % habían presentado recaída clínica durante el último año. Los residentes percibieron mejoría en su calidad de vida y mayor satisfacción en la estancia en hogar protegido respecto a la estancia manicomial previa. Los hogares evaluados se encuentran en lugares accesibles a servicios sociales y comunitarios, con adecuado acceso a medios de transporte. Se realizaron supervisiones periódicas a los cuidadores, infraestructura y mantenimiento del hogar. Conclusiones Existe percepción favorable de cuidadores, gestores, residentes y vecinos sobre el funcionamiento de los hogares protegidos.

ABSTRACT Objective Evaluate the implementation and operation of protected residences for people with serious mental illness in Iquitos, based on the benefits and perceived improvement in their quality of life. Methods Qualitative and cross-cutting study. Thirty-six in-depth interviews of residents, caregivers, neighbors, and health professionals were conducted. A sociodemographic and clinical file was completed for each resident, along with a file on managerial processes for each facility. Focus groups were conducted with managers and caregivers. Results Residents' previous length of stay in a psychiatric hospital was 7 years and 3 months. Only 28 % had suffered a clinical relapse in the past year. Residents reported an improvement in their quality of life and greater satisfaction with their stay in the facility compared with their stay in the psychiatric hospital. The residences evaluated are located in areas accessible to social and community services, with adequate access to transportation. Periodic supervision of caregivers, infrastructure, and residence maintenance was performed. Conclusions Caregivers, managers, residents, and neighbors have a positive view of residence operations.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o processo de implementação e funcionamento de residências terapêuticas ("pensões protegidas") para pessoas portadoras de transtornos mentais graves segundo a percepção de benefício e melhoria da qualidade de vida. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal qualitativo realizado em Iquitos, no Peru. Trinta e seis entrevistas em profundidade foram conduzidas com os moradores de residências terapêuticas, cuidadores, vizinhos e profissionais de saúde. Foi feito o preenchimento de uma ficha sociodemográfica e clínica para cada morador e uma ficha do processo de gestão por residência. Foram realizados grupos de discussão com gestores e cuidadores. Resultados A permanência prolongada anterior em instituição manicomial dos moradores das residências foi de 7 anos e 3 meses. Apenas 28% tiveram recaída clínica no último ano. Os moradores perceberam melhoria da qualidade de vida e informaram um nível maior de satisfação com a permanência nas residências terapêuticas em comparação à permanência anterior em instituição manicomial. As residências estudadas se situavam em locais acessíveis aos funcionários dos serviços sociais e comunitários, com acesso adequado ao transporte público. O trabalho dos cuidadores e a infraestrutura e manutenção das residências receberam supervisão periódica. Conclusões O funcionamento das residências terapêuticas é percebido favoravelmente por cuidadores, gestores, moradores e vizinhos.

Procesos de atención a menores de 20 años en La Castañeda: evolución del concepto de infancia en psiquiatría / Processes of attention to children and adolescents under 20 years in La Castañeda: evolution of the concept of childhood in psychiatry

Resumen: Existe evidencia de que los niños y adolescentes pueden presentar problemas del desarrollo y trastornos psiquiátricos. Lo anterior es consecuencia del concepto de infancia y del refinamiento de las clasificaciones diagnósticas médico-psiquiátricas. Este artículo ofrece una mirada sobre los procesos de atención psiquiátrica brindados a 36 niños y adolescentes admitidos en el Manicomio La Castañeda en la primera mitad del siglo XX. Motivo de ingreso, tiempo de estancia, diagnósticos establecidos, tratamiento y motivo de egreso son algunos de los aspectos que se describen. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre la existencia de un hospital psiquiátrico infantil, que siendo testimonio del pasado, tiene al mismo tiempo el desafío de convertirse en una institución innovadora; sitio que en el ámbito de las especialidades médicas reclama la psiquiatría infantil a favor de los menores que difícilmente pueden abogar por sí mismos.

Abstract: Today, there is evidence that shows that children and adolescents can experience developmental problems and psychiatric disorders. This was possible because of two main reasons, the evolution of the concept of infancy and the progress made in medical and psychiatric diagnostic classification. This manuscript offers a glance to early psychiatric attention in Mexico, particularly the care processes provided to 36 children and adolescents under twenty, admitted in the mental asylum La Castañeda, during the first half of the XX century. Admission causes, length of stay, diagnosis, treatment and discharge motives, are some of the aspects described in this study. Finally, it also reflects about the challenge it is for a child psychiatric hospital nowadays, with such a history, to become an innovative institution able to claim a place in the medical field in favor of those minors that can barely defend themselves.

Analysis of Epidemiologic Characteristics between Patients Visited from Residential Aged Care Facilities and Elderly Patients Visited from Home Admitted to the Emergency Department with Disease

PURPOSE: In recent years, the number of elderly patients visiting from residential aged care facilities (RACFs) has been increasing. We analyzed a comparison of characteristics between patients who visited the ER with diseases from RACFs and those who visited from home. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in a public hospital between January 2013 and December 2014. The subjects included patients who visited the ED from RACFs and elderly patients who visited the ED from home. Comparisons of the following parameters were made between the two groups: gender, age, mode of insurance, mode of ED visit, mobile status, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), chief complaint, final results in the ED, and length of stay (LOS) in the ED and hospital. RESULTS: A total of 7,603 patients were enrolled during the study period. There were 6,401 elderly patients who visited from home and 1,202 patients who visited from RACFs. Patients from RACFs were older than those from home (79.90±8.01 vs. 75.78±7.26, p<0.001). More patients from RACFs were on Medicaid (56.6% vs. 27.9%, p<0.001), took more ambulance (86.3% vs. 49.4%, p<0.001), more bedridden (68.2% vs. 6.4%, p<0.001), and higher CCI (2.38±1.99 vs. 1.45±1.84, p<0.001). Compared with patients from home, those from RACFs showed a significantly higher proportion of admission (63.2% vs. 32.9%, p<0.001), ED LOS (403.03±361.77 vs. 277.07±258.82, p<0.001), and hospital LOS (19.65±18.58 vs. 15.67±15.63, p<0.001). Patients from RACFs showed especially longer ED LOS from discharged ED than those from home (388.87±422.88 vs. 221.90±215.30, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Compared with elderly patients from home, patients from RACFs also had higher admission rate and longer ED LOS, as well as hospital LOS. Patients from RACFs had long ED LOS. The findings in this study suggest that there could be ED overcrowding in the near future.

Adelantamiento rotuliano tipo Bandi versus limpieza articular artroscópica para el manejo de la artrosis patelofemoral: Seguimiento a un año / Bandi tibial tubercule osteotomy vs artrhroscopy lavage in patelo femoral arthritis: 1 year follow-up

Introducción: La osteoartritis (OA) es una artropatía degenerativa que modifica las propiedades mecánicas y biológicas, del cartílago articular y del hueso subcondral, su tratamiento va encaminado hacia el alivio del dolor, mantener la función articular y reducir la progresión de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar los resultados quirúrgicos de la limpieza articular artroscópica y adelantamiento rotuliano utilizando la escala WOMAC. Metodología: Estudio transversal en el que se compara el resultado funcional del tratamiento de la OA patelofemoral en pacientes operados por limpieza articular artroscópica y pacientes operados por adelantamiento rotuliano con técnica de Bandi. Las variables fueron, género, edad, lado afectado, técnica quirúrgica e índice de WOMAC prequirúrgico y a los 12 meses de seguimiento. Utilizamos estadística descriptiva así como t de Student para la diferencia de promedios de WOMAC entre ambos grupos de pacientes. Resultados: n = 37 pacientes, la edad promedio fue 53.48 años (28-82), ± 12.55, el género 11 (29.7%) hombres y 26 (70.3%) mujeres, el lado afectado: 19 (51.35%) derecho y 18 (48.65%) izquierdo. Técnica quirúrgica: 45.9% artroscópico y 54.1% con técnica de Bandi. Los pacientes operados mediante Bandi y adelantamiento rotuliano tuvieron mejoría del dolor, rigidez articular y de la función física (p = 0.00); la comparación del puntaje global de WOMAC para ambas técnicas al año no mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p = 0.78). Conclusión: Ambas técnicas (Bandi y limpieza artroscópica) ofrecen buenos resultados a los 365 días de operados, sin embargo, los pacientes manejados por limpieza artroscópica presentan menor dolor comparados con los de adelantamiento rotuliano tipo Bandi.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that modifies the mechanical and biological properties of articular cartilage and subchondral bone, treatment is aimed at relieving pain, maintain joint and reduce disease progression function. The aim of this paper is to compare the surgical outcomes of the arthroscopic articular cleaning and Bandi procedure by using the WOMAC scale. Methods: Cross-sectional study, functional outcome of treatment of patellofemoral ostheoarthritis by arthroscopic articular cleaning and Bandi procedure are compared. Variables were gender, age, affected side, surgical technique and preoperative and 12 months follow up WOMAC evaluation. We used descriptive statistics and t-test for mean difference in WOMAC between both groups of patients. Results: n = 37 patients, the mean age was 53.48 (28-82), ± 12.55 years; 11 (29.7%) males and 26 (70.3%) women, the affected side: 19 (51.35%) right and 18 (48.65%) left. Surgical technique: 45.9% arthroscopic articular cleaning and 54.1% Bandi procedure. Patients operated by both technics: Bandi and arthroscopic articular cleaning had improvement in pain, stiffness and physical function (p = 0.00); comparison of global WOMAC score for both techniques a year after showed no statistically significant differences (p = 0.78). Conclusion: Both techniques (Bandi and arthroscopic articular cleaning) offer good results at 365 days of surgery, however patients managed by arthroscopic articular cleaning have less pain compared with Bandi procedure.

Abundant immunohistochemical expression of dopamine D2 receptor and p53 protein in meningiomas: follow-up, relation to gender, age, tumor grade, and recurrence

Meningiomas are common, usually benign tumors, with a high postoperative recurrence rate. However, the genesis and development of these tumors remain controversial. We aimed to investigate the presence and implications of a mutated p53 protein and dopamine D2 receptor in a representative series of meningiomas and to correlate these findings with age, gender, tumor grade, and recurrence. Tumor tissue samples of 157 patients diagnosed with meningioma (37 males and 120 females, mean age 53.6±14.3 years) who underwent surgical resection between 2003 and 2012 at our institution were immunohistochemically evaluated for the presence of p53 protein and dopamine D2 receptor and were followed-up to analyze tumor recurrence or regrowth. Tumors were classified as grades I (n=141, 89.8%), II (n=13, 8.3%), or grade III (n=3, 1.9%). Dopamine D2 receptor and p53 protein expression were positive in 93.6% and 49.7% of the cases, respectively. Neither of the markers showed significant expression differences among different tumor grades or recurrence or regrowth statuses. Our findings highlight the potential role of p53 protein in meningioma development and/or progression. The high positivity of dopamine D2 receptor observed in this study warrants further investigation of the therapeutic potential of dopamine agonists in the evolution of meningiomas.

Identidade social e desinstitucionalização: um estudo sobre uma localidade que recebe residências terapêuticas no Brasil / Social identity and deinstitutionalisation: a study about a neighborhood that receives therapeutic residences in Brazil

As residências terapêuticas (RTs) constituem importantes dispositivos no cuidado em saúde mental. Contudo, as resistências das comunidades à sua implantação se constituem como dificuldade para sua consolidação. No sentido de analisar essa realidade, o estudo discute as concepções sociais sobre a convivência com RTs partindo da visão de habitantes de um conjunto residencial que recebe três RTs. Por meio de perspectiva etnográfica, foram realizadas entrevistas e observações. As RTs foram representadas como locais seguros, exercendo controle sobre seus moradores e desempenhando o papel do hospital psiquiátrico. Além disso, a presença das RTs naquela vizinhança possibilitou a classificação Conjunto dos Doidos estabelecida pelo Pessoal de fora, pondo em risco a identidade social dos habitantes do local. Foi observada uma tendência à diferenciação intergrupal na relação entre habitantes do conjunto residencial e os moradores das RTs, podendo ser compreendida como uma necessidade decorrente do processo de identidade social. Antigos signos associados à loucura foram observados, mas foram desfeitos a partir do convívio cotidiano com os moradores das RTs, o que pode ser um aspecto positivo a ser destacado. Mesmo com a tendência à separação das RTs, como observado neste estudo, existe um movimento que, baseado na experiência concreta de vida com as RTs na vizinhança, aponta para a possibilidade da coexistência sem maiores conflitos entre os grupos envolvidos, ilustrando a ambiguidade das relações e a necessidade de mais estudos, uma vez que, no contexto da convivência com RTs, não tem fórmula de bolo para isso como as pessoas pensam.

Therapeutic Residences (TRs) are important devices for mental health care. However, the communities' resistance imposes a challenge to their implementation. In order to analyze this reality, this study discusses the social conceptions of co-inhabiting with TRs from the perspective of residents of a residential complex that receives thee TRs. Under an ethnographic light, interviews and observations were conducted. The TRs were represented as safe places, exerting control over their residents, and playing the role of a psychiatric hospital. Furthermore, the presence of the TRs in that neighborhood allowed them to be called groups of crazies by the outside people, which endangered the social identity of the TR residents. A tendency of intergroup differentiation was observed in the relationship between residents of the neighborhood and of the TRs, which can be understood as a necessity of the social identity process. Old signs associated with madness were observed among the neighborhood residents, but they were undone by the daily contact with the TR residents, which is a positive aspect to emphasize. Even with the separation tendencies from the TRs, as observed in this study, a movement based on the actual experience of living in the same neighborhood as the TRs exists and points to the possibility of coexistence without major conflicts between the groups involved. This illustrates the ambiguity of the relationships and the need for further research, since there's no recipe for this cake as people may think in the context of living near TRs.

Evasão nas unidades de acolhimento: discutindo seus significados / Evasión de las unidades de acogida: discusión acerca de sus significados / Evasion in the shelter units: discussing their meanings

Este artigo discute os significados da evasão de adolescentes de duas unidades de acolhimento, tanto para estes quanto para os profissionais. Para isso, explicitam-se os pontos de vista de ambos, a fim de compreender como vivenciam e lidam com tal processo. Para a discussão do tema, foram analisadas 30 entrevistas com adolescentes e 47 com profissionais, utilizando a abordagem qualitativa, além de observações de campo. A coleta das entrevistas foi baseada na história oral e a análise, na teoria da comunicação. Pôde-se concluir que a falta de capacitação e supervisão dos profissionais afeta o processo de acolhimento dos jovens e também causa sofrimento psíquico aos cuidadores. Por fim, observou-se a necessidade de desenvolver um trabalho consistente e integrado com as equipes em torno dos verdadeiros objetivos das unidades de acolhimento, dando a elas suporte psicossocial...

Este artículo discute el significado de la evasión de los adolescentes, de dos unidades de acogida, tanto para estos como para los profesionales. Para eso, se expondrán la opinión de ambos para comprender mejor su experiencia y la manera que maneján este proceso. Para una discusión sobre el tema, se analizaron 30 entrevistas con adolescentes y 47 com profesionales, con enfoque cualitativo, y observaciones de campo. La colecta de entrevistas se basa en la historia oral y el análisis, en la teoría de la comunicación. Se concluyó que la falta de formación y supervisión de los profesionales afecta el proceso de acogida de los jóvenes y también causa malestar psicológico a los cuidadores. Se percibió la necesidad de desarrollar um trabajo, coherente y integrado con los equipos en torno de las verdaderas intenciones de las unidades de acogida, con el apoyo psicosocial...

This article discusses the meanings ofteenagers'evasion according to both the latter and professionals from two shelter units. In order to do this, the points of view of both of them carefully expressed, to comprehend how they live and deal with this process. In order to discuss the theme 30 interviews with teenagers and 47 with professionals were analyzed using the qualitative approach as well as field research. The interviews were performed based on the oral history, and the analysis was based on the theory of communication. It was possible to conclude that the professional lack of training and supervision affects the process of caretaking the youngsters and it also causes psychic suffering to the caretakers. Lastly, it was observed the need to develop a consistent and integrated work with the teams around the true objectives of the shelter units through a psychosocial support...