Insuficiencia valvular pulmonar en el posoperatorio alejado de tetralogía de Fallot. Aporte del ecocardiograma transtorácico convencional para la toma de decisiones / Pulmonary valve insufficiency in the postoperative tetralogy of Fallot away. Contribution of conventional transthoracic echocardiography for decision making

La insuficiencia valvular pulmonar constituye uno de los principales problemas en el posoperatorio alejado de tetralogía de Fallot, siendo su incidencia muy frecuente y dependiente de múltiples aspectos. En este trabajo se efectúa una revisión relacionada con la utilidad de la ecocardiografía transtorácica convencional como instrumento para la evaluación delos pacientes con insuficiencia valvular pulmonar en el posoperatorio alejado de la tetralogía de Fallot. Se exponen los principales conceptos fisiopatológicos de esta entidad y, en función de ellos, se presentan los parámetros ecocardiográficos más relevantes a tener en cuenta en la valoración de estos pacientes. Finalmente se consideran las pautas y la oportunidad para el reemplazo valvular pulmonar.

Pulmonary valve regurgitation is one of the main problems in the late post-op of Tetrallogy of Fallot, having a great incidence and depending on many aspects . In these paper a review is done considering the usefulness of conventional transtoracic ecocardiography as a tool to evaluate patients with pulmonary regurgitation.in the late post-op of Tetralogy of Fallot. Main physiopathologic concepts about these entity are presented, and as a function of that, the most important ecocardiographic parameters to be considered evaluating these patients are also described. Finally guidelines on the opportunity for pulmonary valve replacement are considered.

Anuloplastia de homoenxerto pulmonar criopreservado com anel de Delrin na atresia pulmonar com comunicação interventricular / Annuloplasty of cryopreserved pulmonary homograft with Delrin stent in pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect

Criança de seis anos portadora de atresia pulmonar com comunicação interventricular, submetida a correção total com um ano, empregando monoválvula de pericárdio bovino na reconstrução da via de saída do ventrículo direito. Evoluiu com importante regurgitação valvar pulmonar (RVP) e disfunção do ventrículo direito. Na reoperação foi implantado homoenxerto pulmonar criopreservado (HPC) com anuloplastia, utilizando anel de Delrin com o intuito de evitar distorção geométrica do conduto. Após dois anos, o ecocardiograma, semelhante ao pós-operatório imediato, demonstra RVP discreta e função ventricular direita normal, sugerindo que essa manobra pode ser utilizada como coadjuvante para otimizar o resultado do implante do HPC.

A six-year-old child was suffering from pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect after a total correction at 1 year of age using a bovine pericardial monocusp valve in the reconstruction of the right ventricle outflow tract. The infant evolved with significant pulmonary valve regurgitation (PVR) and right ventricle dysfunction. On reoperation, a cryopreserved pulmonary homograft (CPH) was implanted with annuloplasty utilizing a Delrin ring with the aim of avoiding geometric distortion of the vessel. After two years, an echocardiogram proved a similar state to the immediate postoperative period with slight pulmonary valve regurgitation and normal right ventricular function suggesting that this maneuver may be used as coadjuvant treatment to optimize the result of CPH implantation.