Interpretación del WISC-IV: índices alternativos para la evaluación de las habilidades cristalizadas / Interpretation of the WISC-IV: alternative indices for the evaluation of crystallized abilities

Resumen En este artículo se presentan dos índices alternativos para la evaluación e interpretación de las habilidades cristalizadas a partir del WISC-IV versión argentina: el índice conocimiento léxico (Gc-VL) y el índice información general (Gc-K0). Para ello se trabajó con una muestra de 1036 casos. El análisis factorial confirmatorio revela altos índices que validan las nuevas puntuaciones. El análisis de fiabilidad resultó satisfactorio. A su vez, los resultados revelan correlaciones entre el índice comprensión verbal (ICV) del WISC-IV y los nuevos índices alternativos. Por último, se encontraron diferencias en las puntuaciones Gc-VL y Gc-K0 y el clima educativo del hogar. Si bien el WISC-IV propone cuatro índices compuestos y una medida global de la inteligencia (ICV, IRP, IMO, IVP y CIT), siguiendo los aportes de la teoría de Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC), se recomienda implementar estas puntuaciones alternativas en un contexto normativo e ipsativo, que favorezcan y enriquezcan el estudio de las capacidades cristalizadas del examinado.

Abstract This article presents two alternative indices for the evaluation and interpretation of crystallized abilities derived from the WISC-IV- Argentine version, the lexical knowledge index (Gc-VL) and the general information index (Gc-K0). To this end, we worked with a sample of 1,036 cases. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed high indices that validated the new scores, and the reliability analysis was satisfactory. In turn, the results revealed correlations between the verbal comprehension index (VCI) of the WISC-IV and the new alternative indexes. Finally, differences were found in the Gc-VL and Gc-K0 scores, and the educational climate of the home. Although the WISC-IV proposes four composite indices and a global measurement of intelligence (VCI, RPI, WMI, PSI and QI), following the contributions of the Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory (CHC), it is recommended to implement these alternative scores in a normative and ipsative context that favor and enrich the study of the crystallized capacities of the examinee.

Aproximación a la base teórica de la inteligencia policial / An approach to the theoretical foundation of police intelligence / Aproximação à base teórica da inteligência policial

Este trabajo de investigación es una juiciosa aproximación que se realizó con el propósito de describir los fundamentos de conocimiento que caracterizan la inteligencia policial como disciplina científica. Los resultados obtenidos se centran en identificar el marco teórico afín con la práctica de la actividad que se desarrolla en la Dirección de Inteligencia Policial, proponer un concepto de inteligencia policial y fundamentar en forma teórica los rasgos característicos de esta. El precedente para iniciar la indagación, a través de consulta documental, grupos focales y seminario, se fundó en la identificación de un problema medular: la ausencia de una estructura sistemática de proposiciones que versara sobre los fundamentos de conocimiento que dan soporte a la inteligencia policial, y la cotidiana confusión de esta con otras áreas de conocimiento, al considerárseles, de manera errónea, como sinónimos. Cuando se propone, con elementos argumentativos de rigor, que dicha inteligencia tiene las características de una disciplina científica, y que se diferencia sustancialmente de cualquier otra actividad, se busca suscitar una reflexión crítica respecto de que la inteligencia policial la desarrollan de manera exclusiva los cuerpos de policía, para orientar la acción del ente policiaco en materia de convivencia.

This research work is an approximation made in order to describe the knowledge foundations and features of police intelligence as a scientific discipline. The results obtained are centered on the identification of the theoretical framework bearing an affinity with the practice of the activity being developed at the “Direccion de Inteligencia Policial”, the Police Intelligence Authority, and the proposal of a new concept serving to support its main characteristics in a theoretical way. The precedent used to initiate the inquiry through documentary consultation, focus groups and seminars, was based on the identification of a core problem: the absence of a systematic structure of propositions dealing with the knowledge grounds supporting police intelligence and the persistent tendency to confuse it with other knowledge areas by erroneously considering them as synonyms. Where it is suggested by using customary argumentative elements that this intelligence bears the features of a scientific discipline substantially different from any other activity, the purpose here consists of generating a critical reflection around the concept that police intelligence is exclusively developed by police forces in order to orientate the police entity’s action dealing with coexistence.

Esse trabalho de investigação é uma aproximação que feita a fim de descrever as fundamentos do conhecimento que caracterizam a inteligência policial como disciplina científica. Os resultados centram-se em identificar o enquadramento teórico compatível com a prática da atividade que é desenvolvida na Direção da Inteligência Policial, propôr um conceito da inteligência policial e basear teoricamente as características típicas desta. O precedente para iniciar o a indagação, através da consulta documental, os grupos focais e o seminário, foi baseado na identificação de um problema essencial: a ausência de uma estrutura o sistemática das propostas que tenha referência sobre os fundamentos do conhecimento que dão a sustentação à inteligência policial, e a confusão diária disto com outras áreas de conhecimento, quando consideram-se, da maneira errônea, como sinônimos. Quando, com elementos argumentativos de rigor, propõe-se que esta inteligência tem as características de uma disciplina científica, e que diferencia-se substancialmente de alguma outra atividade, procura-se provocar uma reflexão crítica a respeito de que a inteligência policial e desenvolvida exclusivamente pelos corpos da polícia, orientando a ação da polícia na matéria do convivência.

Aproximación a la inteligencia policial(la Policía Federal de México, 2006-2012) / An approximation to police intelligence (the federal police of Mexico, 2006-2012) / Abordagem a inteligencia policial (a policia federal do Mexico, 2006-2012)

Del 2006 al 2012, la política criminal del gobierno del presidente Felipe Calderón Hinojosa le dio preeminencia a la Secretaría de Seguridad Pública Federal, encarnada en la Policía Federal, a la que se dotó de una moderna plataforma tecnológica para la inteligencia; por lo tanto, esta contribución se centrará sobre la inteligencia policial y el derrotero de los últimos seis años de la inteligencia de la Policía Federal mexicana.

From 2006 through 2012, President Felipe Calderon’s criminal policy gave priority to the Federal Public Security Secretariat embodied in the Federal Police which was equipped with a modern technological platform for intelligence. Therefore, this contribution will focus on police intelligence and the path of the Mexican Federal Police in the past six years.

De 2006 a 2012, a política criminal do governo do presidente Felipe Calderón Hinojosa deu preeminência para o Secretariado da Segurança Pública Federal encarnada na Polícia Federal, que é dotada de uma moderna plataforma tecnológica para a inteligência; portanto, essa contribuição vai se centrar na inteligência da polícia e o curso dos últimos seis anos da inteligência da Policia Federal mexicana.

Rubinstein-taybi syndrome: Clinical profile of 11 patients and review of literature.

Background: Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is a rare congenital neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by postnatal growth deficiency, typical dysmorphic features, broad thumbs and toes, and mental retardation. Very few cases are reported in literature from developing countries. Diagnosis is often delayed due to non-familiarity with the characteristic features of this syndrome. Aims: To report 11 cases of RSTS and to review the current literature. Settings And Design: Retrospective study conducted in genetic and metabolic unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital in north India over a period of 3½ years. Materials And Methods: 11 patients with diagnosis of RSTS were identified, and their case sheets were reviewed. Results: Developmental delay was presenting complaint in 10 patients, and seizure in 1 case. 7 patients had microcephaly (head circumference below −3 SD), and a prominent beaked nose was seen in 9 patients. The intelligence quotient (IQ) varied from 22-62 in 7 patients who had mental retardation. The most notable features in hands were broadness, shortening, and flattening of the distal phalanx of thumbs or great toes. Additionally, we also noted webbing of neck, microphthalmia, and pachygyria (on MRI brain) in 1 patient each. Conclusions: The diagnosis of RSTS is primarily clinical and based on characteristic phenotype that is often combined with a variety of somatic anomalies. An early diagnosis facilitates appropriate genetic counseling and in planning the management.

Relationship between leadership styles and emotional intelligence of head nurses at Mansoura University Hospitals

Leaders who are able to use emotions to guide decision making are able to motivate subordinates by engaging in activities facilitated by emotions and are able to encourage open minded idea generation, decision making and planning because they can consider multiple points of views. Aim: This study was conducted to explore the relationship between leadership styles and emotional intelligence of head nurses at Mansoura University Hospitals. A descriptive exploratory design was used for head nurses working in Oncology Hospital, Gastroenterology Hospital and Emergency Hospital [54 head nurses on the job]. Three tools were used for data collection: characteristics data sheet of the head nurses, Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire [MLQ] and Leahy Emotional Schema Scale [LESS]. It revealed that emotional intelligence differed among the studied nurses in the three hospitals. A statistically significant relation was found between the studied head nurses' age and [sometimes] and "almost" use of transformational leadership style. There were no statistically significant relations between leadership styles and emotional intelligence of head nurses and their years of experience, and the emotional intelligence was not significantly correlated with leadership styles among the studied head nurses. It is recommended to provide the head nurses with needed support programs for adding emotional intelligence training to be happier, more committed to their organization, achieve greater success and perform better in the workplace in order to enhance their leadership style

Intelligence and genetic markers in Chilean children

Genetic markers and total intelligence quotient (IQ) assessed by WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) were studied in children of both sexes from Santiago, Chile. Heterozygous boys for phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM) and heterozygous girls for haptoglobin (Hp) had lower IQ than homozygoytes. For ABO system, B girls had lower and B boys had higher IQ than children with other ABO phenotypes. These differences were highly significant with the two tailed t'-test (Student's t-test with the Welch-Satterthwaite correction for degrees of freedom), and most of them remained significant after the correction for multiple comparisons. Girls had greater variance of IQ than boys. Relationships between homozygotes and heterozygotes were found in two independent studies. Thus, the genetic relationship found here seems likely to be a true biotic effect.

Inteligência abstraída, crianças silenciadas: as avaliaçöes de inteligência / Abstracted intelligence, silenced children: the evaluations of intelligence

Os testes de inteligência, instrumentos que visam, essencialmente, a classificaçäo de pessoas, säo filiados ao ideário eugenista. Critica a psicologia ao dar visibilidade ao sujeito, silenciando-o, para conseguir apor sobre ele seu ®olhar clínico¼. Discute a necessidade de subverter as avaliaçöes, abandonando a busca de defeitos para tentar encontrar a criança concreta, enquanto ser histórico

Evaluación de la inteligencia a través de formas cortas del WAIS para poblaciones de nivel socioeconómico bajo / The use of short forms of WAIS for the assessment of the intelligence of persons of low socioeconomic status

Propöe-se uma versäo abreviada da forma WAIS para a avaliaçäo da inteligência em estudos da populaçäo. Analisaram-se 161 protocolos completos do WAIS, aplicados a mulheres de nível socioeconômico baixo, e estudaram-se as correlaçöes entre as diferentes subprovas e o coeficiente de inteligência (QI) total, o QI verbal e o QI manual. Selecionaram-se seis subprovas (compreensäo, semelhanças, vocabulário, cubos, complemento e montagem) conforme os critérios: correlaçöes observadas e funçöes avaliadas em cada subprova. A análise de uma versäo com 6 subprovas e 4 versöes com 4 subprovas demonstraram que todas elas säo adequadas para a avaliaçäo da inteligência como variável de confusäo. O erro padräo para a estimaçäo do QI varia entre 3 e 4 pontos e o erro de classificaçäo é de 3 a 7 por cento. Quando se avalia a inteligência materna como variável de confusäo do desenvolvimento infantil, a versäo que combina compreensäo, semelhanças, cubo e complemento pareceu a mais adequada. A eleiçäo da versäo a ser utilizada deverá basear-se na maior eficiência do tempo de aplicaçäo e das funçöes avaliadas pelas subprovas, tendo em vista o problema em estudo