Actitudes hacia el aborto deseado en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud chilenos / Attitudes towards wanted abortion among Chilean health sciences students

Introducción: La interrupción del embarazo mediando principalmente la voluntad de la mujer, es decir, cuando una mujer desea abortar para terminar su embarazo por cualquier razón, es un procedimiento controversial. Las actitudes individuales de los profesionales de la salud hacia este procedimiento influirían sobre la aceptación o el rechazo de realizarlo y, por ende, afectarían su acceso en el sistema de salud. Objetivo: Relacionar actitudes hacia la interrupción del embarazo con características sociodemográficas y académicas de estudiantes chilenos de enfermería, medicina y obstetricia y puericultura. Método: Estudio cuantitativo con diseño observacional, transversal y descriptivo. Reclutamos estudiantes universitarios con un muestreo no probabilístico. Recolectamos datos mediante cuestionarios virtuales autoadministrados. Preguntamos por la intención de realizar o asistir un aborto médico o quirúrgico frente a 15 escenarios distintos y creamos un índice con estas respuestas. Calculamos estadísticas descriptivas básicas y creamos modelos de regresión lineal. Consideramos significancia estadística si p < 0,05. Resultados: Participaron 229, 306 y 233 estudiantes de enfermería, medicina y obstetricia y puericultura, respectivamente (en total, 768). En el modelo de regresión lineal múltiple, declararse cristiano (β = −0,248) y afirmar que la religión es muy o totalmente importante en la vida (β = −0,269) se asociaron más fuertemente y de manera inversa y significativa con el índice de intención de realizar o asistir un aborto médico o quirúrgico. Conclusiones: La religión es un factor que influiría decisivamente sobre las actitudes hacia la interrupción del embarazo. Los escenarios más positivamente valorados podrían explicarse considerando que las leyes reflejarían los valores predominantes de una sociedad.

Introduction: Termination of pregnancy mediated primarily by the womans will, i.e., when a woman wishes to have an abortion to terminate her pregnancy for any reason, is a controversial procedure. The individual attitudes of health professionals towards this procedure would affect the degree of acceptance or rejection of performing this procedure and, therefore, would affect its accessibility in the health system. Objective: To relate attitudes towards abortion with sociodemographic and academic characteristics of Chilean nursing, medicine and midwifery students. Method: Quantitative study with observational, cross-sectional and descriptive design. We recruited university students with non-probabilistic sampling. We collected data through self-administered virtual questionnaires. We asked about the intention to perform an abortion in 15 different scenarios and created an index with these responses. We calculated basic descriptive statistics and created linear regression models. We considered statistical significance if p < 0.05. Results: 229, 306 and 233 students from nursing, medicine and midwifery participated, respectively (total: 768). In the multiple linear regression model, declaring oneself a Christian (β = −0.248) and stating that religion is very or totally important in life (β = −0.269) were inversely and significantly associated with the index of intention to perform an abortion. Conclusions: Religion is a factor that would decisively influence attitudes toward termination of pregnancy. The more positively valued scenarios could be explained by considering that laws would reflect the predominant values of a society.

Trajetórias afetivo-sexuais de adolescentes em situação de pobreza e suas decisões-ações intencionais para engravidar / Affective-sexual trajectories of adolescents in poverty and their intentional decisions-actions to become pregnant / Trayectorias afectivo-sexuales de adolescentes en situación de pobreza y sus decisiones-acciones intencionales para conseguir embarazar

Objetivo: entender como eventos relacionais, posições sobre métodos contraceptivos e negociações com o parceiro sobre ter o filho encontram-se implicados nos engravidamentos das participantes. Método: participaram dezesseis grávidas entre 15 e 19 anos, que intencionaram o evento, selecionadas em território de vulnerabilidade social de uma capital brasileira. Foram realizadas entrevistas presenciais, orientadas por temas, com o uso adicional dos recursos: autorretrato, mapa relacional, foto-elicitação e WhatsApp, considerando preceitos da Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Resultados: os engravidamentos mostraram-se intrincados à intenção de constituir uma família com filhos, à construção de trajetórias afetivo-sexuais direcionadas a esse desfecho, com contracepção secundária, e à decisão do ter filho pouco refletida e negociada com o par, caracterizada por pressão, imposição e transferência de responsabilidade, exercida por ambos. Conclusão:a abordagem, pelos profissionais de saúde, do engravidar de adolescentes requer considerar a influência nelas imbricada de aspectos de ordem subjetiva, relacional, agencial e social.

Objective: to understand how relational events, contraceptive positions and negotiations with the partner about having a child are implicated in the participants' pregnancies. Method: A total of 16 pregnant young women aged between 15 to 19 years who became pregnant intentionally, selected from a socially vulnerable territory in a Brazilian state capital, participated in the study. Face-to-face interviews guided by themes were conducted, with additional use of the self-portrait, relational map, photo-elicitation, and WhatsApp resources, considering Thematic Content Analysis concepts. Results: the pregnancies were intimately related to the intention of building a family with children, to the construction of affective-sexual trajectories directed at this outcome, with secondary contraception, and to the decision of having a child, little reflected and negotiated, characterized by pressure, imposition and transfer of responsibility, exercised by both. Conclusion:when discussing pregnancy during adolescence, health professionals must consider the subjective, relational, agency and social aspects imbricated in such choice.

Objetivo: entender cómo los hechos relacionales, las posturas sobre los métodos anticonceptivos y las negociaciones con la pareja sobre tener un hijo intervienen en el embarazo de las participantes. Método: participaron 16 embarazadas de entre 15 y 19 años de edad que pretendían el evento, seleccionadas en un territorio de vulnerabilidad social, en una capital brasileña. Se realizaron entrevistas cara a cara, guiadas por temas, con el uso adicional de recursos de autorretrato, mapa relacional, fotoelicitación y WhatsApp; y se consideraron los preceptos del Análisis de Contenido Temático. Resultados: destacan en sus embarazos la intención de constituir una familia con hijos, la construcción de trayectorias afectivo-sexuales encaminadas a ese desenlace, con anticoncepción secundaria, y la decisión de tener un hijo poco discutida y negociada con la pareja, caracterizada por la presión, la imposición y la transferencia de responsabilidad, ejercida por ambos. Conclusión:el abordaje del embarazo en adolescentes por parte de los profesionales de la salud requiere considerar la influencia imbricada de aspectos subjetivos, relacionales, de agencia y sociales

Salient Beliefs in the Intention for Self-Care Behaviors when Facing Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnant Women / Creencias salientes en la intención de comportamientos de autocuidado ante los trastornos hipertensivos en mujeres embarazadas / Crenças relevantes na intenção de comportamentos de autocuidado para síndromes hipertensivas gestacionais

Introduction: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy represent a maternal and perinatal health problem. Therefore, it is important to identify the beliefs preceding the determinants of health behaviors during pregnancy. Objective: To identify the salient beliefs in the intention for self-care behaviors when facing hypertensive disorders in pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study with a quantitative approach guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior. Each questionnaire was designed and its semantic validity was assessed. The sample was convenience one and included 114 pregnant women enrolled in prenatal control at a health institution from Piedecuesta, Santander, who answered the questionnaire via telephone calls between January and February of 2022. Data analysis was descriptive, resorting to absolute and relative frequencies. Results: The positive behavioral beliefs were focused on the mother's proper nutrition, the baby's healthy growth and development, disease prevention and control during pregnancy, the mother's relaxation and peace of mind, and blood pressure control and monitoring. Regarding normative beliefs, health personnel, mothers, husbands, and family members exert positive influences on each behavior. The following were acknowledged among the control beliefs: visiting family members promotes the practice of physical exercises; at the nutritional level, there is a habit of preferring low-salt preparations; both family and social support and habit and preference favor the consumption of fruit, vegetables, legumes and meats; lack of habit avoids the consumption of fats, flours, sugars, caffeine, alcohol, and cigarettes; purchase power favors calcium intake; taking a previous shower promotes rest and sleep, and going to pharmacies allows controlling blood pressure. Conclusions: Identifying the salient beliefs allowed determining those that need to be reinforced, negotiated, or restructured in achieving self-care behaviors when facing hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.

Introducción: los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo representan un problema en la salud materna y perinatal. Por lo tanto, es importante identificar las creencias que preceden a los determinantes de los comportamientos en salud durante el embarazo. Objetivo: identificar las creencias salientes en la intención de comportamientos de autocuidado ante los trastornos hipertensivos por parte de la mujer embarazada. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de enfoque cuantitativo guiado por la teoría del comportamiento planificado. Se diseñó y evaluó la validez semántica de cada cuestionario. La muestra por conveniencia fue de 114 embarazadas inscritas en el control prenatal de una institución de salud de Piedecuesta, Santander, las cuales respondieron el cuestionario a través de entrevista telefónica, entre enero y febrero de 2022. El análisis de los datos fue descriptivo, utilizando frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: las creencias conductuales positivas se enfocaron en la adecuada nutrición de la madre; en el sano crecimiento y desarrollo del bebé; la prevención y control de enfermedades durante el embarazo; la relajación y la tranquilidad de la madre; y el control y seguimiento de la presión arterial. En las creencias normativas, el personal de salud, la madre, el esposo y familiares influyen positivamente en cada comportamiento. Entre las creencias de control, se admite que: visitar familiares promueve la práctica del ejercicio; a nivel nutricional existe el hábito por preparaciones bajas en sal; tanto el apoyo familiar y social como el hábito y el gusto favorecen el consumo de frutas, verduras, legumbres y carnes; la falta de hábito evita el consumo de grasas, harinas, azúcares, cafeína, alcohol o cigarrillo; la capacidad económica favorece la ingesta del calcio; tomar una ducha previa promueve el sueño y descanso; y asistir a farmacias permite el control de la presión arterial. Conclusiones: la identificación de las creencias salientes permitió demostrar aquellas que necesitan ser reforzadas, negociadas o reestructuradas en el logro de comportamientos de autocuidado ante los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo.

Introdução: as síndromes hipertensivas gestacionais representam um problema na saúde materna e perinatal. Portanto, é importante identificar as crenças que precedem os determinantes dos comportamentos de saúde durante a gravidez. Objetivo: identificar as crenças relevantes na intenção de comportamentos de autocuidado diante de distúrbios hipertensivos por parte das gestantes. Materiais e método: estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa orientada pela teoria do comportamento planejado. A validade semântica de cada questionário foi elaborada e avaliada. A amostra de conveniência foi composta de 114 gestantes inscritas no pré-natal de uma instituição de saúde em Piedecuesta, Santander (Colômbia), que responderam ao questionário por meio de entrevista telefônica entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2022. A análise dos dados foi descritiva, usando frequências absolutas e relativas. Resultados: as crenças comportamentais positivas se concentraram em nutrição adequada para a mãe; crescimento e desenvolvimento saudáveis do bebê; prevenção e controle de doenças durante a gravidez; relaxamento e tranquilidade para a mãe; e controle e monitoramento da pressão arterial. Nas crenças normativas, a equipe de saúde, a mãe, o companheiro e os membros da família influenciam positivamente cada comportamento. Entre as crenças de controle, admite-se que visitar parentes promove a prática de exercícios; no nível nutricional, há o hábito de preparações com pouco sal; tanto o apoio familiar e social quanto o hábito e o gosto favorecem o consumo de frutas, verduras, legumes e carnes; a falta de hábito evita o consumo de gorduras, farinhas, açúcares, cafeína, álcool ou cigarros; a capacidade econômica favorece a ingestão de cálcio; tomar banho antes da gravidez promove o sono e o descanso; e ir a farmácias permite o controle da pressão arterial. Conclusões: a identificação das crenças relevantes nos permitiu demonstrar aquelas que precisam ser reforçadas, negociadas ou reestruturadas na obtenção de comportamentos de autocuidado diante de síndromes hipertensivas gestacionais.

The influence of information sources on intention changes to receive COVID-19 vaccination: A prospective cohort study in Japan

BACKGROUND@#Before the COVID-19 vaccine became available, many Japanese people were undecided about whether or not to receive them. Their decisions were keys to achieving herd immunity. The impact of the type of information source on the COVID-19 vaccine uptake decision-making process remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between information source usage on COVID-19 and subsequent vaccine uptake status among those who have yet to decide whether to receive vaccines from non-prioritized people for vaccination.@*METHODS@#Prospective cohort online self-administered surveys were conducted in February 2021 (T1), before the start of the mass vaccination program, and September-October 2021 (T2), when the vaccines were available to all citizens. The survey's target population was registered monitors of an Internet research company. Participants who answered "I want to get vaccinated after waiting to see how it goes." at T1 were eligible for analysis. The outcome variable was the COVID-19 vaccine uptake status in T2, and the predictors were 20 types of information sources, categorized based on people (family members, etc.), institutions (governments, etc.), or media (TV news, etc.). Adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using logistic regression adjusted for possible confounders.@*RESULTS@#The 5,139 respondents, mean age and standard deviation was 42.8 ± 12.5, 55.7% female, were eligible for analysis. 85.7% completed vaccination (including reserved/intended people) in T2. In the multivariate logistic analysis, odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for vaccine uptake were 1.49 (1.18-1.89) for workplaces/schools, 1.81 (1.33-2.47) for LINE, 0.69 (0.55-0.86) for Internet news and 0.62 (0.48-0.82) for video sharing sites.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The type of information source usage played an important role in the decision to vaccinate against COVID-19. Although caution is needed in interpreting the results, obtaining information from workplaces/schools and LINE was influential in promoting immunization.

Study on the status of turnover intention and its influencing factors of 382 hemato-oncology nurses / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the status of turnover intention and its influencing factors of hemato-oncology nurses. Methods: From September to November 2021, the convenience sampling method was used to select 382 hemato-oncology nurses from 8 tertiary grade A general hospitals in Shandong Province. The general information questionnaire, the Chinese Nurses' Work Stressor Scale, the Psychological Capital Questionnaire and the Turnover Intention Questionnaire were used to investigate the general situation, occupational stress, psychological capital and turnover intention of the objects. The correlations between the turnover intention, occupational stress and psychological capital of the objects were analyze by Pearson correlation. And the multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of turnover intention. A structural equation model was used to analyze the effect path of occupational stress and psychological capital on turnover intention. Results: The total turnover intention score of hemato-oncology nurses was (14.25±4.03), with the average item score of (2.38±0.67). The occupational stress score of hemato-oncology nurses was (71.57±14.43), and the psychological capital score was (91.96±15.29). The results of correlation analysis showed that the turnover intention of hemato-oncology nurses was positively correlated with occupational stress, and was negatively correlated with psychological capital (r=0.599, -0.489, P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that married (β=-0.141), psychological capital (β=-0.156) and occupational stress (β=0.493) were the influencing factors of turnover intention of hemato-oncology nurses (P<0.05). The path analysis of structural equation model showed that the direct effect of occupational stress on turnover intention of hemato-oncology nurses was 0.522, and the intermediary effect of psychological capital on turnover intention was 0.143 (95%CI: 0.013-0.312, P<0.05), accounting for 21.5% of the total effect. Conclusion: The turnover intention of hemato-oncology nurses is at a high level, hospital and administrators should focus on the psychological state of unmarried nurses. By improving the psychological capital of nurses, to reduce occupational stress and turnover intention.

A pre-conception cohort study of fertility and its related factors among couples with the intention of conception / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To describe fertility and explore factors associated with it among pre-conception couples of childbearing age. Methods: Based on the pre-conceptional offspring trajectory study of the School of Public Health of Fudan University, couples of childbearing age who participated in the pre-conception physical examination in Shanghai Jiading District from 2016 to 2021 were recruited and followed up. Couples' time to pregnancy (TTP) was analyzed and Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to explore the factors associated with TTP. Kaplan-Meier was used to calculate each menstrual cycle's cumulative pregnancy rate. Results: A total of 1 095 preconception couples were included in the analysis, the M(Q1,Q3)of TTP was 4.33 (2.41, 9.78) menstrual cycles. Age of women (FR=0.90, 95%CI: 0.85-0.95, P<0.001), women who were overweight or obese before pregnancy (FR=0.36, 95%CI: 0.24-0.55, P<0.001), women who were exposed to second-hand smoking (FR=0.63, 95%CI: 0.44-0.92, P=0.016), women whose home or office had been renovated in the past 2 years and had a particular smell (FR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.26-0.81, P=0.008) were risk factors for impaired fertility. Regular menstrual cycles (FR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.16-2.31, P=0.005), females who often drank tea/coffee (FR=1.55, 95%CI: 1.11-2.17, P=0.011) and males who took folic acid before conception (FR=2.35, 95%CI: 1.38-4.23, P=0.002) were associated with better fertility. The cumulative pregnancy rate of 3, 6, and 12 menstrual cycles was 37.6%, 64.4%, and 78.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Older couples, overweight or obesity before pregnancy, irregular menstruation, exposure to secondhand smoke and decoration pollutants in females are associated with impaired fertility. Frequent tea/coffee drinking before pregnancy in females and taking folic acid before pregnancy in males are associated with shortened conception time.

Um capítulo esquecido na história da psicologia? sexualidades desviantes, psicopatologia e normalidade / A forgotten chapter in the history of psychology? deviant sexualities, psychopathology, and normality / ¿Un capítulo olvidado en la historia de la psicología? sexualidades desviadas, psicopatología y normalidad

Este artigo tem como objetivo produzir uma análise histórica sobre as intersecções entre Psicologia e sexualidade desviantes da norma no Brasil, de fins do século XIX a meados da década de 1980. Esta temporalidade foi escolhida por abarcar o surgimento das pesquisas científicas sobre sexualidade e desvios sexuais, a consolidação dos estudos psicológicos sobre a temática e o processo mais recente de despatologização da homossexualidade. Em termos teóricos e metodológicos, foram adotados os pressupostos da História Social da Psicologia e da historiografia das homossexualidades no Brasil. Desse modo, buscou-se compreender como as ideias, concepções e práticas psicológicas foram mudando ao longo do tempo, em conexão com as transformações socioculturais e políticas que ocorreram durante o século XX. Para isto, foram utilizadas fontes primárias e secundárias de pesquisa com vistas à produção de interpretações sobre as conexões entre as ideias, os atores e os eventos narrados. Argumenta-se, ao longo do artigo, que as ideias e práticas psicológicas estão intrinsecamente conectadas aos contextos socioculturais e políticos de seu tempo, sendo os movimentos dinâmicos e os conflitos presentes nesses contextos fatores determinantes para a sua constituição.(AU)

This article aims to produce a historical analysis of the intersections between Psychology and sexualities that deviate from the norm in Brazil, from the late 19th century to the mid-1980s. This period was chosen because it encompasses the emergence of scientific research on sexuality and sexual deviations, the consolidation of psychological studies on the subject and the most recent process of de-pathologization of homosexuality. Theoretically and methodologically, the assumptions of the Social History of Psychology and the historiography of homosexualities in Brazil were adopted. Therefore, we sought to understand how psychological ideas, conceptions and practices have changed over time, in connection with the sociocultural and political transformations that occurred throughout the 20th century. For this, primary and secondary sources of research were used to produce interpretations about the connections between the ideas, the actors and the narrated events. It is argued, throughout the article, that the psychological ideas and practices are intrinsically connected to the sociocultural and political contexts of their time, being the dynamic movements and conflicts present in these contexts determining factors for their constitution.(AU)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis histórico de las intersecciones entre la Psicología y las sexualidades desviadas de la norma en Brasil desde finales del siglo XIX hasta mediados de la década de 1980. Esta temporalidad fue elegida por abarcar el surgimiento de las investigaciones científicas sobre sexualidad y desvíos sexuales, la consolidación de los estudios psicológicos sobre el tema y el más reciente proceso de despatologización de la homosexualidad. En el marco teórico y metodológico, se adoptaron los presupuestos de la Historia Social de la Psicología y de la historiografía de las homosexualidades en Brasil. De esta manera, se pretende comprender cómo las ideas, concepciones y prácticas psicológicas han cambiado a lo largo del tiempo, en conexión con las transformaciones socioculturales y políticas ocurridas durante el siglo XX. Para ello, se utilizaron las fuentes de investigación primarias y secundarias con miras a generar interpretaciones sobre las conexiones entre las ideas, los actores y los eventos narrados. Se argumenta, a lo largo de este artículo, que las ideas y las prácticas psicológicas están intrínsecamente conectadas a los contextos socioculturales y políticos de su tiempo, y los movimientos dinámicos y los conflictos presentes en estos contextos fueron los factores determinantes para su constitución.(AU)

Intention of breastfeeding and association with sociodemographic, obstetric characteristics and experience with breastfeeding among pregnant women / Intenção de amamentar e associação com características sociodemográficas, obstétricas e experiência com o aleitamento materno entre mulheres grávidas

Abstract Objectives: to estimate the intention of breastfeeding (IBF) duration and its association with sociodemographic, obstetric characteristics and experience with breastfeeding among pregnant women undergoing prenatal care. Methods: cross-sectional study, with pregnant women undergoing prenatal care in public health services in Colombo, Paraná, Brazil. The duration of IBF was questioned to pregnant women. Negative binomial Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment allowed estimating crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI95%) of the association between IBF duration and exposure variables. Results: among the participating pregnant women (n = 604), 7.9% reported having IBF for less than six months, 28.0% from six to 11 months, 38.3% from 12 to 23 and 25.9% for 24 months or more. The mean IBF time was 13.5 ± 8.4 and median of 12 months. Pregnant women with moderate food insecurity (PR=1.34; CI95%=1.04-1.73), multiparous women (PR=1.13; CI95%=1.00-1.26), and who reported having been breastfed as babies (PR=1.19; CI95%=1.02-1.40) had a longer IBF time. Conclusions: food security situation, primiparity and exposure to breastfeeding in childhood are determinants of IBF during pregnancy.

Resumo Objetivos: estimar o tempo de intenção de amamentar (IA) e sua associação com características sociodemográficas, obstétricas e experiência com amamentação entre gestantes em acompanhamento pré-natal. Métodos: estudo transversal com gestantes em serviços públicos de saúde em Colombo, Paraná. O tempo de IA foi questionado às gestantes. Regressão de Poisson binomial negativa com ajuste robusto da variância permitiu estimar razões de prevalência (RP) brutas e ajustadas, e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) da associação entre tempo de IA e variáveis de exposição. Resultados: dentre as gestantes (n = 604), 7,9% afirmaram IA por menos de 6 meses, 28,0% de 6 a 11 meses, 38,3% de 12 a 23 e 25,9% por 24 meses ou mais. O tempo médio de IA foi de 13,5 ± 8,4 e mediana de 12 meses. Gestantes em insegurança alimentar moderada (RP=1,34; IC95%=1,04-1,73), multíparas (RP=1,13; IC95%=1,00-1,26), e que referiram terem sido amamentadas quando bebês (RP=1,19; IC95%=1,02-1,40) apresentaram maior tempo de IA. Conclusões: situação de segurança alimentar, primiparidade e exposição ao aleitamento materno na infância são determinantes da IA na gestação.

The analyst's desire in contemporaneity / O desejo do analista na atualidade

RESUMO: Este artigo possui como eixo norteador o conceito de desejo do analista no ensino de Lacan, incluindo seus seminários e parte de sua obra escrita. O percurso conceitual que resulta no conceito de desejo do analista é refeito articulando-o com outros temas, sobretudo aqueles que abrangem a prática da clínica psicanalítica nas suas relações com a época atual.

Abstract: This article has as its guiding principle the concept of the analyst's desire in Lacan's teaching, including his seminars and part of his written work. The conceptual route that results in the analyst's desire concept is redone, articulating it with other themes, especially those that cover the practice of the psychoanalytic clinic in its relations with the current era.

Escala de creencias hacia las vacunas y hacia la vacuna contra el SARS-CoV-2: Evidencia de sus propiedades psicométricas / Psychometric properties of two surveys about beliefs towards vaccines in general and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine

BACKGROUND: Negative beliefs about vaccines can threaten herd immunity and pandemic control. Although beliefs about vaccines influence vaccination intention, there are no valid instruments that evaluate this in the Latin American population. AIM: To evaluate the psychometric properties of two scales that measure negative beliefs towards vaccines in general and against SARS-CoV-2 and provide evidence of their association with vaccination intention (convergent validity) in a Chilean sample. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two studies were carried out. The first included 263 people who answered the beliefs towards vaccines in general scale (CV-G) and the beliefs towards the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine scale (CV-COVID). Exploratory factor analyses were conducted. In the second study, 601 people answered the same scales. Confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling were performed to provide evidence of validity. RESULTS: Both scales had an unifactorial structure and excellent reliability and showed associations with the intention of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, providing evidence of convergent validity. CONCLUSIONS: The scales evaluated here are reliable and valid measures that showed associations with vaccination intention in the Chilean population.

Escala de creencias hacia las vacunas y hacia la vacuna contra el SARS-CoV-2: Evidencia de sus propiedades psicométricas / Psychometric properties of two surveys about beliefs towards vaccines in general and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine

BACKGROUND: Negative beliefs about vaccines can threaten herd immunity and pandemic control. Although beliefs about vaccines influence vaccination intention, there are no valid instruments that evaluate this in the Latin American population. Aim: To evaluate the psychometric properties of two scales that measure negative beliefs towards vaccines in general and against SARS-CoV-2 and provide evidence of their association with vaccination intention (convergent validity) in a Chilean sample. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two studies were carried out. The first included 263 people who answered the beliefs towards vaccines in general scale (CV-G) and the beliefs towards the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine scale (CV-COVID). Exploratory factor analyses were conducted. In the second study, 601 people answered the same scales. Confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling were performed to provide evidence of validity. RESULTS: Both scales had an unifactorial structure and excellent reliability and showed associations with the intention of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, providing evidence of convergent validity. Conclusions: The scales evaluated here are reliable and valid measures that showed associations with vaccination intention in the Chilean population.

Percepciones e intención de los padres de vacunar a sus hijos bajo 12 años de edad contra la COVID-19: estudio transversal en Perú / Parents' perceptions and intention to vaccinate their children under 12 years of age against COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in Peru

INTRODUCCIÓN: A pesar de la probada eficacia y seguridad de las vacunas contra la COVID-19, la cobertura de vacunación pediátrica sigue siendo baja en muchos países. Aún existen dudas y temores en los padres sobre la vacunación en sus hijos bajo 12 años de edad. OBJETIVO: Evaluar las percepciones e intención de los padres de vacunar a sus hijos bajo 12 años en Perú. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio transversal analítico, a partir de una encuesta que recopiló la percepción de los padres sobre el riesgo de contagio por COVID-19, necesidad de vacunación y desarrollo de eventos adversos por la vacuna en niños bajo 12 años. Evaluamos los factores asociados a la intención de vacunación mediante razones de prevalencia crudas (RPc) y ajustadas (RPa) con intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC 95%). RESULTADOS: El 83,5% de los padres tenían la intención de vacunar a sus hijos bajo 12 años. En el análisis multivariado, los factores asociados a una disminución de la intención de vacunación fueron pensar que la vacuna no es necesaria (RPa: 0,65; IC 95% 0,44 - 0,94), que no protegería (RPa: 0,14; IC 95% 0,03 - 0,63), que no sería segura (RPa: 0,80; IC 95% 0,70 - 0,92) y que ocasionaría efectos negativos a largo plazo (RPa: 0,92; IC 95% 0,85 - 1,00). Por otro lado, residir en la Selva (RPa: 1,09; IC 95%: 1,03-1,15) o en la Sierra (RPa: 1,06; IC 95%: 1,00-1,11) se asoció a una mayor prevalencia de intención. CONCLUSIONES: En Perú, un 16,5% de padres no vacunaría a sus hijos bajo 12 años, ya que perciben que la vacuna no es necesaria y no protegería contra la COVID-19, además de tener la preocupación de posibles eventos adversos.

BACKGROUND: Despite the proven efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines, pediatric vaccination coverage remains low in many countries. There are still doubts and fears in parents about vaccination in their children under 12 years of age. AIM: To evaluate the perceptions and intention of parents to vaccinate their children under 12 years of age. METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study based on an online survey that evaluated the parents' perceptions regarding the risk of COVID-19 infection, the need for a vaccine, and the vaccine adverse events in their children under 12 years. We assessed the factors associated with the intention to vaccinate through crude (cPR) and adjusted prevalence rates (aPR), with confidence interval of 95% (CI 95%). RESULTS: 83.5% of respondents had the intention to vaccinate their children under 12 years of age. In the multivariate analysis, the factors associated with a decrease in the intention to vaccinate were to believe that the vaccine was not necessary (aPR 0.65; 95% CI 0.44 - 0.94), that it would not protect (aPR: 0.14; 95% CI 0.03 - 0.63), it would not be safe (aPR: 0.80; 95% CI 0.70 - 0.92) and it would cause long-term side effects (aPR: 0.92; 95% CI 0.85 - 1.00). On the other hand, living on the highlands or jungle was associated with an increase in the intention. CONCLUSION: In Peru, 16.5% of parents would not vaccinate their children under 12 years of age, because they perceived that the vaccine was not necessary and would not protect against COVID-19. In addition, they expressed concerns about the development of possible adverse events.

Prevalence and factors associated with no intention to exclusively breastfeed for the first 6 months of life

Abstract Objective: To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with no intention to exclusively breastfeed for the first 6 months of life in a sample of women in the first 24 h postpartum during the hospital stay. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from screening phase of a birth cohort. The proportion of mothers who did not intend to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months (primary outcome) derived from a negative response to the question "Would you be willing to try to breastfeed exclusively for the first 6 months?", in an interview conducted by previously trained interviewers. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals were obtained by Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: A total of 2964 postpartum women were interviewed. The overall prevalence of mothers who did not intend to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months was 17.8% (16.4-19.1%). After adjusting for maternal age and type of pregnancy (singleton or multiple), no intention to exclusively breastfeed was higher in mothers with a monthly household income < 3 minimum wages (PR, 1.64; 1.35-1.98) and in those who intended to smoke 4-7 days/week after delivery (PR, 1.42; 1.11-1.83). The presence of significant newborn morbidity (PR, 0.32; 0.19-0.54) and intention to breastfeed up to 12 months (PR, 0.46; 0.38-0.55) had a protective effect against not intending to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months. Conclusions: Approximately 1 in every 5 mothers did not intend to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months. Strategies aimed at promoting exclusive breastfeeding should focus attention on mothers from lower economic strata and smokers.

Path analysis of the effect of irrational beliefs on the structures of the planned behavior model in the field of physical activity / Análise do caminho do efeito das crenças irracionais nas estruturas do modelo de comportamento planejado no campo da atividade física

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to path analysis of the hypothesized model of the irrational beliefs on the constructs of the planned behavior model, in particular the physical activity intention, and also the prediction of the physical activity intention based on the constructs of irrational beliefs. 320 male and female students of Semnan Province were randomly selected and completed Planned Behavior and Irrational Beliefs (Ahwaz) questionnaires. A path analysis model was used to analyse the relationships between variables and calculate the direct and indirect structural effects. Also, multiple regression analysis was used to predict theoretical constructs of planned behavior using irrational beliefs dimensions. The results indicated that the hypothesized model is not in accordance with the data of this study and direct effect of irrational beliefs on subjective norms is not meaningful. By eliminating the effect of irrational beliefs on subjective norms and adding the effect of subjective norms on perceived behavioral control, a new model was obtained that was fitted with the data. Also, the results show that two variables of Demand for approval and problem avoidance were significant predictors of physical activity intention. The results of this study showed that irrational beliefs, both directly and indirectly (through attitudes and perceived behavioral control), have an effect on the physical activity intention. Therefore, it is important to reduce the irrational beliefs in order to develop the intentions of physical activity and the physical activity itself.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi traçar a análise do modelo hipotético das crenças irracionais sobre os construtos do modelo de comportamento planejado, em particular a intenção de atividade física, e também a predição da intenção de atividade física com base nos construtos de crenças irracionais. 320 estudantes do sexo masculino e feminino da província de Semnan foram selecionados aleatoriamente e completaram os questionários de Gordon (2008) e Irrational Beliefs (Ahwaz) 2005. Um modelo de análise de caminho foi utilizado para analisar as relações entre as variáveis e calcular os efeitos estruturais diretos e indiretos. Além disso, a análise de regressão múltipla foi usada para prever construções teóricas de comportamento planejado usando dimensões de crenças irracionais. Os resultados indicaram que o modelo hipotético não está de acordo com os dados deste estudo e o efeito direto das crenças irracionais sobre as normas subjetivas não é significativo. Ao eliminar o efeito das crenças irracionais sobre as normas subjetivas e adicionar o efeito das normas subjetivas sobre o controle comportamental percebido, foi obtido um novo modelo que foi ajustado aos dados. Além disso, os resultados mostram que duas variáveis ​​de demanda por aprovação e evitação de problemas foram preditores significativos da intenção de atividade física. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que as crenças irracionais, tanto direta quanto indiretamente (por meio de atitudes e controle comportamental percebido), afetam a intenção de atividade física. Portanto, é importante reduzir as crenças irracionais a fim de desenvolver as intenções de atividade física e a própria atividade física.

Development of a rating scale for measuring resistance to persuasive health messages

BACKGROUND@#Pretesting is the key to understanding how the intended audience will react to the message. Resistant reactions affect message processing or can lead to undesirable boomerang effects. The objective of this study was to develop a rating scale for measuring active (reactance) and passive (disengagement) resistance to persuasive health messages.@*METHODS@#Six candidate items (3 items for disengagement and 3 items for reactance) were generated based on literature review. A web-based survey was conducted among Japanese adults aged 25-64 years to verify the reliability and validity of the 6-item resistance scale. Participants were asked to rate one of the advance care planning (ACP) promotion messages. All scale items were scored on a 1-to-5 point Likert scale and they were averaged to produce the resistance score.@*RESULTS@#Explanatory factor analysis revealed a two-factor solution that agreed with the disengagement and reactance domains, respectively. Correlation coefficients between each set of items ranged between 0.30-0.69. Cronbach alpha (0.86) indicated satisfactory internal consistency of the set of items. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit of the two-factor model with CFI = 0.998, SRMR = 0.011, and RMSEA = 0.041. The resistance score showed a moderate positive correlation with negative emotional responses (displeasure γ = 0.55, anger γ = 0.53) and was significantly inversely related to the persuasiveness score (γ = -0.50). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio for ACP intention per 1-point increase in the resistance score was 0.47 (95% confidence interval 0.40-0.56) with adjustment for the persuasiveness score.@*CONCLUSION@#The 6-item resistance scale exhibited adequate reliability and validity for measuring audience resistance when applied to the ACP promotion messages in Japanese people. The scale will be useful for pretesting health messages to make them more acceptable to the intended audience.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#Not applicable; this is not a report of intervention trial.

Work engagement, well-being, and intent to continue working based on educational support among foreign care workers in Japan

BACKGROUND@#Global aging continues to progress. The shortage of human resources involved in long-term care (LTC) is a serious problem worldwide. It is necessary to promote the stable employment of foreign care workers. The purpose of this study was to identify which factors, including well-being, work engagement, and original items, contribute to foreign care workers' intent to continue working.@*METHODS@#We conducted an anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey of 259 foreign LTC workers at LTC facilities in Japan. The questionnaire survey items included the Japanese version of the Subjective Well-being Scale (J-SWBS), the Japanese version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (J-UWES), and original items related to educational needs and issues. We used multiple regression analysis to predict variability from correlations among variables. And after that, we conducted a path analysis using structural equation modeling (SEM), and added that the explanatory variables (IV) were well-being, work engagement, and the original item component, and that the outcome variable (DV) was intention to continue working. We set a hypothetical model based on structural equations, corrected by path analysis, and examined its suitability.@*RESULTS@#The number of returned questionnaires for 259 foreign care workers was 147 (response rate 56.7%), and the number of analyzable questionnaires was 129 (valid response rate 49.8%). For intention to continue working, the results of structural equation modeling showed direct effects for satisfaction with low back pain measure guidance (β = .255), satisfaction with the national examination guidance method (β = .217), well-being (β = .046), and work engagement (β = .026). In work-engagement, there was a direct effect of happiness (β = .715), willingness to learn good care (β = 4.849), and confidence in my ability (β = 2.902,), whilst in well-being, satisfaction with low back pain measure guidance (β = 1.582) and confidence in my ability (β = 1.999) were found to have direct effects.@*CONCLUSIONS@#To increase the intent of foreign care workers to continue working, appropriate guidance should be given related to the development of lumbago. In addition, to provide a place and scene where they can learn good care, having a relationship in practice where foreign care workers can feel that their abilities are being utilized, and developing and maintaining educational support that motivates them to learn good care may be effective.

Exploring intention to seek formal healthcare amid COVID-19: Trends and predictors among the youth in Metro Manila

Background@#The COVID-19 pandemic has seen a rise in lockdowns, fear, and anxiety. Analyzing the attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral controls in seeking formal healthcare is vital due to its manifestation in their intention. Determining the factors that affect this intention would see which factors encourage one's willingness to seek formal healthcare, especially due to the various dynamics introduced by the pandemic. @*Objective@#The study sought to determine how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral controls influence intention in seeking formal healthcare of the youth in Metro Manila during the pandemic. @*Methodology@#A cross-sectional study involving a survey of the youth in Metro Manila was conducted. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were used to see the relationships of the variables, and how these affect each other. @*Results@#One hundred sixty youth respondents from Metro Manila were included in the study. Subjective norms had the highest correlation and effect on one's intention to seek formal healthcare during the pandemic. Perceived behavioral controls followed subjective norms in their degree of correlation and were a predictor of intention. Lastly, attitudes had a significantly weak correlation with intention and were not a significant predictor of intention. @*Conclusion@#The youth gives more bearing to the concern of others regarding their well-being, as well as the challenges perceived in seeking formal healthcare in their intention to seek it. Giving more emphasis on lowering perceived barriers, alleviating concerns, and promoting seeking health during the pandemic would help encourage the youth's intention.

Factors associated with the helmet use among motorcycle drivers in District IV, Quezon City

Background@#In the Philippines, 34 Filipinos are killed daily due to road injuries. Of the reported road traffic fatalities, 25% in the world, 34% in South East Asia, and 53% in the Philippines are riders of motorized two- or three-wheeled vehicles. @*Objectives@#Considering that motorcycle drivers are most affected by road-related injuries in Metro Manila, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of helmet use, identify the factors affecting the intent to use helmets, and determine the factors associated with consistent helmet use among motorcycle drivers in District IV, Quezon City. @*Methods@#Eight barangays were included in the sample and respondents were chosen through systematic random sampling. @*Results@#A self-administered questionnaire was used. There were 421 respondents with a prevalence for consistent helmet-use of 67.46% (CI 95%: 62.81-71.78). It was found that the aggregate belief score was associated with the intention to use helmets. Meanwhile, every unit increase in knowledge score increased the odds of consistent helmet use by 1.21 (95% CI: 1.06-1.37). In addition, those with intention were 7.48 times more likely to consistently wear helmets than those who do not (95% CI: 2.80- 19.97). @*Conclusion@#Various sub-factors such as experience, formal driving education, perceived behavioral control, benefits, and ergonomic barriers may have contributed to the result; however, further studies are needed to establish these relationships.

Help-seeking efficacy and the intention of social assistance among medical care personnel during the major public health events / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the help seeking efficacy and social assistance willingness of medical staff during major public health events, so as to provide basis for improving the psychological resources and service quality of medical staff and further optimizing the prevention and treatment policies. Methods: In February 2020, a convenient sampling method was used to conduct an online questionnaire survey on medical staff in Henan Province, and a total of 2136 questionnaires were collected. Among them, there were 1940 valid questionnaires, and the effective recovery rate was 90.82%. The questionnaire of help seeking efficacy and willingness to social assistance under epidemic situation was used to investigate the help seeking efficacy and willingness of medical staff. The frequency and rate (%) were used to analyze the overall situation of medical staff's help seeking efficacy and social assistance willingness. The differences among different demographic variables were tested by χ(2) test. Results: Among the 1940 medical and nursing staff, 18.81% (365/1940) did not know how to obtain appropriate psychological assistance. Compared with the low age group, the medical staff in the high age group had the ability of information query, the ability to occupy knowledge resources, the ability to distinguish rumors and facts and the sense of efficacy of obtaining appropriate medical help, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . The willingness of medical and nursing staff to actively cooperate with the government, maintain social stability and volunteer work were 99.43% (1929/1940) , 98.81% (1917/1940) and 97.11% (1884/1940) . Conclusion: The medical staff had a higher sense of help seeking efficacy and willingness to social assistance. It is necessary to further strengthen the resource support of psychological, social and humanistic care for medical staff.

Knowledge about, attitude and acceptance towards, and predictors of intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among cancer patients in Eastern China: A cross-sectional survey / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a serious impact on health all over the world. Cancer patient, whose immunity is often compromised, faces a huge challenge. Currently, some COVID-19 vaccines are being developed and applied on general population; however, whether cancer patients should take COVID-19 vaccine remains unknown. Our study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude, acceptance, and predictors of intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among cancer patients in Eastern China.@*METHODS@#A cross-sectional study was conducted in Eastern China from June 17th to September 3rd, 2021. Patients were selected using a convenience sampling method. A self-report questionnaire was developed to assess knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine, attitude towards the vaccine and acceptance of the vaccine; following a review of similar studies previously published in the scientific literature, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.@*RESULTS@#A total of 2158 cancer patients were enrolled in this study. The rate of vaccine hesitancy was 24.05% (519/2158); further, among the participants of vaccine acceptance, 767 had taken COVID-19 vaccine (35.54%), and 872 were willing to get vaccinated (40.01%). A total of 24 variables including demographic characteristics, clinical status of cancer, impact of COVID-19 pandemic on study participants, patients' knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine, and attitude towards the vaccine, had significant differences between the "vaccine hesitancy" population and "vaccine acceptance" population. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that parameters including alcohol consumption (odds ratio [OR] = 1.849; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.375-2.488; P-reference [P-Ref] < 0.001 vs non-drinkers), income impacted by COVID-19 pandemic (OR = 1.930, 2.037 and 2.688 for mild, moderate, and severe impact, respectively; all P-Ref < 0.01 vs no impact), knowledge of how the vaccine was developed (OR = 1.616; 95% CI: 1.126-2.318; P-Ref = 0.009 vs unknown), believing in the safety of the vaccine (OR = 1.502; 95% CI: 1.024-2.203; P-Ref = 0.038 vs denying the safety of vaccine), willingness to pay for the vaccine (OR = 3.042; 95% CI: 2.376-3.894; P-Ref < 0.001 vs unwilling), and willingness to recommend families and friends to get vaccinated (OR = 2.744; 95% CI: 1.759-4.280; P-Ref < 0.001 vs do not recommend) were contributors to vaccine acceptance. While such as being retired (OR = 0.586; 95% CI: 0.438-0.784; P-Ref < 0.001 vs unemployed), undergoing multiple therapies of cancer (OR = 0.408; 95% CI: 0.221-0.753; P-Ref = 0.004 vs no ongoing treatment), and worrying that the vaccine might deteriorate the prognosis of cancer (OR = 0.393; 95% CI: 0.307-0.504; P-Ref < 0.001 vs might not) were contributors to vaccine hesitancy.@*CONCLUSION@#This study provided preliminary estimates of the rates of vaccine acceptance and vaccine hesitancy among cancer patients in Eastern China. The intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was impacted by factors such as patient occupation, alcohol consumption, and some parts of knowledge about and attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine. It is recommended to develop individualized vaccination plans that meet the healthcare needs of cancer patients.