Estenosis subglótica en pacientes con granulomatosis con poliangeítis / Subglottic stenosis in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Introducción: La granulomatosis con poliangeítis (GPA) es una enfermedad autoinmune con múltiples manifestaciones otorrinolaringológicas. La estenosis subglótica (ESG) se reporta entre 8%-50% de los pacientes. Objetivo: Describir la presentación clínica y tratamiento de la ESG en pacientes con GPA. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los pacientes atendidos en el Departamento de Otorrinolaringología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile entre 2011 y 2015 con diagnóstico de GPA y ESG. Resultados: Diez pacientes (90% mujeres) con edad promedio al diagnóstico de 44,6 años. Los síntomas fueron: disnea (9/10), disfonía (6/10) y estridor (5/10). En el 80%, la ESG fue la presentación inicial de la GPA. El 90% presentó GPA localizada y 10% GPA sistémica. El 60% presentó anticuerpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilos (ANCA) negativo. Todos los pacientes recibieron glucocorticoides sistémicos, asociados a inmunosupresores y/o anticuerpos monoclonales. Una paciente requirió traqueostomía y dos pacientes han requerido dilatación endoscópica con balón asociado a inyección local de metilprednisolona. Conclusiones: La ESG puede ser la única manifestación de GPA. Los síntomas inespecíficos y la alta probabilidad de presentar ANCA negativo hacen difícil el diagnóstico. El manejo debe ser individualizado y multidisciplinario. La mayoría de nuestros pacientes pudieron ser manejados adecuadamente con tratamiento médico.

Introduction: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is an autoimmune disease that presents with multiple ENT manifestations. Subglottic stenosis (SGS) has been reported in 8-50% of the patients. Aim: To describe the clinical presentation and treatment of SGS in patients with GPA. Material and method: Retrospective review of clinical data from all patients consulting in the Otolaryngology department at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile from 2011 to 2015 with SGS and GPA diagnosis. Results: Ten patients (90% female) with average age at diagnosis of44.6 years. The symptoms were: dyspnea (9/10), dysphonia (6/10) and stridor (5/10). SGS was the initial presenting manifestation of GPA in 80% of patients. GPA was localized in 90% and systemic in 10% of patients, and anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) were negative in 60% of patients. Systemic glucocorticoids were used in every patient, associated with immunosuppressants and/or monoclonal antibodies. One patient required tracheostomy and 2 patients were treated with endoscopic balloon dilation associated with local methylprednisolone injection. Conclusions: SGS can be GPA’s initial or unique manifestation. Diagnosis is hindered due to the unspecificity ofsymptoms and the high probability of presenting with negative ANCA. Individualized and multidisciplinary treatment is required. Most patients were treated pharmacologically with an adequate response in our series.

Cirugía de las estenosis laringotraqueales benignas / Surgery of the bening larygotracheal stenosis

Se presenta la experiencia de 15 años en la reconstrucción de la vía aérea por lesiones cicatrizales, secundarias e intubación o traqueotomía. La misma se compone de 141 pacientes tratados. Se discuten los métodos de diagnóstico y tratamiento tanto paliativo como definitivo, haciendo hincapié en consideraciones preventivas de las mismas

Estenosis laringotraqueal / Laryngotracheal stenosis

The authors reviewed 39 cases of Laryngotracheal stenosis diagnosed in the last 15 years. Etiologic factors, management and resultas were analized. Patients age ranged from 1 month to 63 years old, 16 of them were females and 23 were males. Prolonged endotraqueal intubation was the most common cause, followed by tracheostomy. The subglottic airway was involved in the majority of the patients. Endotracheal intubation was prolonged over 5 days in 63,5% of the cases; 22.7% of the patients develped symptomatic laryngotracheal stenosis around 30 days after extubation. Surgical treatment was performed in 61.5% of the cases; a variety of techniques were used; in this group the decannulation rate was 79%. Expectant observation was the management for 11 patients, withh a decannulation rate of 40%. Endotracheal intubation, tracheostomy and laryngoytracheal stenosis management aspects were analysed