Histopathological findings of Fasciola hepatica infection in non-native European hare (Lepus europaeus) in Southern Chile / Achados histopatológicos da infecção por Fasciola hepatica em lebre europeia não-nativa (Lepus europaeus) no Sul do Chile

Abstract Fasciola hepatica is a parasite introduced in America from Europe, being considered of concern for public health and animal production, especially in countries with endemic areas as occur in Chile. In this country, the research has been focused mainly in domestic ruminants, with native and introduced wildlife being largely ignored. Thus, the aim of this study was to report the infection by Fasciola hepatica in an introduced mammal, the European hare, which is distributed along a vast area of the country. One in 42 hares hunted showed histological lesions compatible with F. hepatica, and harbored a parasitic load of 6 liver flukes. This is the first report of this lagomorph acting as host of this helminth in the country and the third in South America. Yet, we found no previous reports regard the pathology of this fluke in the species. Thus, we emphasize the importance of more studies regarding introduced mammals which could be acting as reservoirs for this important fluke.

Resumo Fasciola hepatica é um parasita de origem europeia introduzido na América, de importância em saúde pública e animais de produção, especialmente em países com áreas endêmicas, como ocorre no Chile. Neste país, a pesquisa foi focada principalmente em ruminantes domésticos, com a fauna nativa e introduzida sendo amplamente ignorada. O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar a infecção por Fasciola hepatica em lebre europeia, espécie distribuída em vasta extensão do país. Uma em 42 lebres caçadas, mostrou lesões histológicas compatíveis com infestação por F. hepatica, alojando 6 vermes hepáticos. Este é o primeiro relato deste lagomorfo apresentando este tipo de parasitismo no Chile, o terceiro na América do Sul. No entanto, não encontramos relatos anteriores sobre a patologia deste acaso na espécie. Este relato salienta a importância de mais estudos considerando espécies introduzidas, as quais podem ser reservatórios desse importante parasita.

A Case of Rudimentary Polydactyly: Is It Truly Related to Polydactyly? / 대한피부과학회지

Rudimentary polydactyly is a congenital anomaly of the hand clinically ranging from a small wart-like tumor to a pedunculated structure near the thumb or little finger. The histology reveals a marked neural proliferation, dilated blood vessels, and some Meissner corpuscles in the dermis. The etiology is unknown and there are a few theories. First, Hare believed that it represented a vestigial form of supernumerary finger, and termed it rudimentary polydactyly. Since then, Shapiro et al. has argued that rudimentary polydactyly is an amputation neuroma after finding histological similarity between acquired traumatic neuroma and rudimentary polydactyly. Recently Brehmer- Andersson et al. asserted that rudimentary polydactyly is a neuroma that can arise in any area containing Meissner corpuscles after observing a penile lesion with similar histology as rudimentary polydactyly. We report a case of rudimentary polydactyly characteristically not showing any prominent Meissner corpuscles. With this case, we provide support for the theory of Shapiro et al.

A Case of Coenurosis in a Wild Rabbit (Lepus sinensis) Caused by Taenia serialis Metacestode in Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China

Six cystic metacestodes were found in the abdominal muscles of a wild rabbit, Lepus sinensis, in China. The coenurus contained one or more scolices armed with hooklets. Mitochondrial cox1 (1,623 bp) confirmed 98% homology with cox1 of Taenia serialis. This is the first report of T. serialis infection in an intermediate host in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China.

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Wild Boars, Wild Rabbits, and Wild Chickens in Hubei Province, China

Toxoplasma gondii causes serious infection worldwide in humans and animals. In this study, the seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis was investigated in wild boars (Sus scrofa) (n=377), wild rabbits (cape hare, Lapus capensis) (n=331), and wild chickens (red junglefwol, Gallus gallus) (n=571) in 4 forested and country sided area of Hubei province of China. For this, blood samples were collected and tested by indirect hemagglutination test (IHA). The seroprevalence was found to be 7.2%, 5.1%, and 12.6% in wild boars, rabbits, and chickens, respectively, with significant differences among these species. The prevalence of T. gondii infection in male and female wild boars was found to be 7.9% and 6.5% (P<0.01), in male and female rabbits was 5.6% and 4.9% (P<0.01), and in male and female chickens was 17.1% and 7.7% (P<0.01), respectively, with significant differences between 2 genders of chickens (P<0.01). The findings of this study may help in planning of the prevention measures against T. gondii infection in wild animals in this area.

Acute urticaria with angioedema following sea hare ingestion

Seafood is one of the common causes of food allergies to adults. The sea hare Aplysia kurodai is a marine mollusk which belongs to invertebrate gastropod that has been consumed as a food in Korea. Cases of acute toxic hepatitis after ingestion of sea hares have been reported, but few cases of allergic reactions to sea hare have been reported in the literature. A 33-year-old man was referred to our Emergency Department due to urticaria and periorbital/perioral swelling after eating sea hares. Approximately 10 years ago, he experienced similar allergic reactions to it. Skin prick and intradermal tests showed strong positive responses to crude sea hare allergen extract. He was diagnosed with food allergy to sea hares. We herein report the first case of sea hare allergy after ingestion.

Four Cases of Toxic Hepatitis after Ingestion of Sea Hare / 대한내과학회지

The sea hare is a marine mollusk in the family Aplysiidae that has long been consumed as food. Rarely, toxic hepatitis can occur after eating sea hare. We herein discuss four cases of toxic hepatitis due to sea hare ingestion and review the relevant literature.

Severe Tick Infestation in a Hare and Potential Risk for Transmitting Pathogens to Humans

Severe tick infestation was found in a hare in a suburban area of Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China. We sampled ticks and identified them based on their morphologic characteristics. Three species, Ixodes sinensis, which is commonly found in China and can experimentally transmit Borrelia burgdorferi, Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, and Haemaphysalis longicornis which can transmit Lyme disease were detected with an optical microscope and a stereomicroscope. Risk of spreading ticks from suburban to urban areas exists due to human transportation and travel between the infested and non-infested areas around Nanchang.

Neosporosis y toxoplasmosis en la liebre europea (Lepus europaeus) en la provincia de La Pampa (Argentina) / Infectious diseases and reproductive status in european hare (Lepus europaeus) in La Pampa province (Argentina)

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la prevalencia a Neospora caninum (Nc) y Toxoplasma gondii (Tg) y conocer el periodo reproductivo de la liebre europea (Lepus europaeus) en la provincia de La Pampa (Argentina). Para ello se muestrearon 106 liebres procedentes de acopiadores de la provincia de La Pampa. Los sueros fueron analizados por un ensayo inmunoenzimático de competición para determinar anticuerpos a Nc y para Tg se realizó una prueba de hemaglutinación indirecta. Se encontraron 66 hembras, de las cuales 13 estaban preñadas, y 40 machos (p=0,01). Sobre un total de 44 sueros analizados para Nc, 5 (11,4%) dieron positivo. De los 106 sueros estudiados para Tg ninguno fue positivo.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of these diseases and to know the reproductive season of the European hare (Lepus europaeus) in the Province of La Pampa (Argentina). To that aim, 106 hares coming from different places from La Pampa province were sampled. .Nc antibody diagnosis was performed by means of a competitive enzimoimmunoassay (ELISA-c), and an hemo-agglutination indirect assay (HAI) for Tg were carried out to know the disease status. From the total of hares sampled, 40 were male, 66 female (p=0.01) and 13 (19.7%) of them were detected as pregnant. Nc sero-prevalence was 11.4% over a total of 44. From 106 sera analyzed by HAI no one was positive for Tg.

Parásitos de la liebre (Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778): estudio en dos zonas geográficas de Chile / Hare parasites (Lepus europaeus) in two geographical zone of Chile

Se analizaron los parásitos de 40 liebres (Lepus europeaus) (20 de la Provincia de Ñuble y 20 de Última Esperanza) capturadas entre enero de 2003 y agosto de 2004. En la Provincia de Ñuble se aislaron tres especies de endoparásitos: Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (60 por ciento), Passa-lurus ambiguus (5 por ciento) y Eimeria spp. (45 por ciento). En Última Esperanza se encontró sólo la especie T. retortaeformis (60 por ciento). Se aisló además una especie de ectoparásito correspondiente al Phthiraptera Haemodipsus lyriocephalus en una liebre de la Provincia de Ñuble. No se estableció ninguna relación significativa entre la presencia de los parásitos gastrointestinales con el sexo y edad de las liebres. Tampoco hubo una diferencia significativa entre el parasitismo provocado por T. retortaeformis en las dos zonas estudiadas.

The parasites of 40 Lepus europaeus (hares) were analyzed (20 of the Ñuble Province and 20 of Ultima Esperanza) caught between January 2003 and August 2004. In the Ñuble province three endoparasites species were isolated: Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (60%), Passalurus ambiguus (5%) and Eimeria spp. (45%). In Ultima Esperanza only T. retortaeformis was isolated with 60% of infection. The ectoparasite species isolated corresponded to the Phthiraptera Haemodipsus lyriocephalus in a hare of the Ñuble Province. No significant differences in the presence of gastrointestinal parasites were found with respect to sex and age of the hare. Nor was there any significant difference between parasitism of T. retortaeformis in the two studied zones.

Fasciola hepática (linnaeus, 1758) (trematoda, digenea) en liebres europeas (lepus europaeus, pallas 1778) (lagomorpha, leporidae) en la región Cordillerana Patagónica, Chubut, Argentina / Fasciola hepatica (linnaeus, 1758) (trematoda, digenea) in the hare Lepus europaeus, pallas 1778 (lagomorpha, leporidae) from the Andean Patagonian Region, Chubut Province, Argentina

La liebre europea (Lepus europaeus) ha sido encontrada naturalmente infectada por Fasciola hepatica en varios países, pero en la Argentina no se han realizado estudios al respecto. Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo la búsqueda de infección en liebres de la zona cordillerana de la provincia del Chubut. Durante 1999 se faenaron 162.328 animales provenientes del noroeste de la provincia y se buscaron juveniles y adultos de F. hepatica. En enero y marzo de 2001 se recolectaron boñigas en cuerpos de agua de un establecimiento ganadero de la localidad de Cholila, al noroeste de la provincia del Chubut, donde estudios previos confirmaron la infección en ganado y caracoles. El 0,08 por ciento de las liebres faenadas presentó infección y en el ambiente se encontraron 6/10 boñigas positivas para F. hepatica en un charco (mediana de hpg = 2). A pesar de las bajas prevalencias halladas, el rol de L. europaeus en la transmisión del parásito podría ser importante si se considera que la especie comparte ambientes con el ganado y el caracol, su abundancia es alta, y la densidad de huevos que aporta al medio es mayor que la de bovinos.

A Childhood Attachment and Adolescent's Self Esteem as Predictors of Health Efficacy in Adolescents / 아동간호학회지

PURPOSE: Adolescence is viewed as a critical period in the formation of health behavior and many health behaviors developed during this era persist into adulthood. Social-cognitive theory, self-efficacy as a central construct, has been used to predict and intervene the health behavioral patterns in adolescent. Previous research demonstrated that the attachment in childhood and self-esteem as psychosocial factors are predictors of the health efficacy in adolescent and it is viewed as solely an antecedent for the lifelong health behavior. METHOD: To investigate the path pattern of attachment in childhood, self-esteem and health efficacy in adolescents, 381 adolescents in high school from two urban cities in Korea were recruited for cross-sectional sample. Attachment in childhood was measured using Mother-Father-Peer Scale. Self esteem was measured with Hare self esteem. Perceived self efficacy in Health was measured by the School Health Efficacy Questionnaire. The path analysis revealed a significant relationship between attachment in childhood and self-esteem, self-esteem and health efficacy in adolescents. Self esteem was the strongest contributing factor for health efficacy in adolescent. The results suggest that attachment in childhood may aid in formulating positive self -esteem in adolescents and self-esteem played a major role in predicting health efficacy in adolescents. CONCLUSION: Therefore, self-esteem enrichment should be incorporated with adolescent health promotion and certainly should be a component in any health education program in school health program and interventions. These results have implications of psychosocial and family related factors on health promotion and health education for the health care provider with regard to primary and secondary prevention in adolescent population.

Analysis on content of Ni-Cr in gingival and blood of hares after wearing non-noble porcelain-fused-to-metal crown / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Purpose of the study was to investigate the content of Nickel (Ni) and Chromium (Cr) ion in gingival tissue and blood, and to discuss the reason of gray line in gingival after wearing non-noble Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal crown.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>38 rabbits were selected as experimental animals which were divided into three groups: control group, group 1 (3 months) and group 2 (6 months). The content of Ni and Cr ion in gingival tissue and blood was detected by atomic absorption spectrometer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The amount of Ni and Cr in group 2 was significantly higher than that in other groups (P < 0.05) . There was no difference between group 1 and control group (P > 0.05) .</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The reason of gingival colouration might be the electrochemical corrosion. The metal ion was released in gingival tissue and blood.</p>

Clinical Evaluation and Prevention of Complications of Esophagojejunal Anastomotic Site after Total Gastrectomy

PURPOSE: Esophagojejunal anastomotic complications after a total gastrectomy include leakage, stenosis, bleeding, and abscess formation. Especially, the mortality rate for esophagojejunal anastomotic leakage is 80%. Although these complications hare been reduced by the usage of the EEA stapler, they are still serious and depend on various factors: the surgeon's experience, the stage of disease, the extent of surgical intervention, the method of operation, and the patient. Some local factors, such as vascularization of the graft, traction on the anastomosis suture line, and local infections, have been implicated as contributing to these complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the period 1995~2003, of the 850 gastrectomies for gastric carcinomas, 171 were intra-abdominal total gastrectomies. All of these 171 operations were performed by one surgeon using a routine D2 lymph-node dissection and a 25-mm EEA stapler on an antecolic end-to-side esophagojejunostomy. In the 77 cases a seromuscular reinforced suture at the esophagojejunostomy site was performed, and in 94 cases, a whole layer reinforced suture with absorbible materials was used. We evaluated the incidence of complications according to age, sex, stage of patients, and combined resection. Also, we compared the incidences of complications for seromuscular and whole layer reinforced sutures. RESULTS: The complications are major leaks (2.9%), minor leaks (3.5%), stenosis, bleeding (1.8%), and abscess formation (1.8%). In the five cases of major leaks, there were four mortalities with operative methods. The other patients with stenosis, bleeding, and abscess formation were treated conservatively with success. The incidences of complications were not related with age, sex, stages, and combined resection. The incidences of complications for the whole layer reinforced suture group (2.9%) were less than those for the seromuscular reinforced group (8.8%, P=0.04). CONCLUSION: The most serious complication of esophagojejunal anastomosis is major leakage with an 80% mortality. The other complications are stenosis, bleeding, and abscess formation, for which no mortalities occurred during this study. Whole layer suture of the esophagojejunal anastomotic site is an important method for preventing leakage.

A Case of Endophthalmitis due to Group G beta-hemolytic Streptococcus Sepsis / 감염과화학요법

Identified first by Lancefield and Hare in 1935, the group G streptococcus occurs as commensals in the skin, pharynx, intestine, and vagina. It has been reported to cause a variety of human infections, such as sepsis, endocarditis, peritonitis, pharyngitis, and infective arthritis. Group G streptococcus sepsis could occur in chronic states such as malignancy, diabetes, alcoholics, neurologic disease, cardiovarscular disease, and end stage renal disease, however, there has been only a few case reports of endogenous endopthalmitis caused by group G streptococcus. We report herein endogenous endopthalmitis caused by group G streptococcus sepsis in 64-year-old man of alcoholic.

A Case of Endophthalmitis due to Group G beta-hemolytic Streptococcus Sepsis / 감염과화학요법

Identified first by Lancefield and Hare in 1935, the group G streptococcus occurs as commensals in the skin, pharynx, intestine, and vagina. It has been reported to cause a variety of human infections, such as sepsis, endocarditis, peritonitis, pharyngitis, and infective arthritis. Group G streptococcus sepsis could occur in chronic states such as malignancy, diabetes, alcoholics, neurologic disease, cardiovarscular disease, and end stage renal disease, however, there has been only a few case reports of endogenous endopthalmitis caused by group G streptococcus. We report herein endogenous endopthalmitis caused by group G streptococcus sepsis in 64-year-old man of alcoholic.

What do Korean people think of family doctor registration program?

BACKGROUND: Family doctor registration program was proposed several years ago and is still in discussion. The success of this program depends on attitude and acceptability of people. This study was done to describe the attitudes of the people to the family doctor registration program. METHODS: We interviewed 657 adults who lived in Seoul, Bundang, llsan and Pyungchon with a preformed questionnaire. The questionnaire was pretested by five family doctors and trainee. RESULTS: About half of the respondents were favorable for family doctor registration program. The most importantly considered benefits of the program were continuity of care, telephone consultation and management of chronic disease. The most seriously considered drawbacks of the program were only single doctor available cost, and restriction of medical services. Over half of the respondents preferred internists as their treating doctor and family physician, pediatrician followed. About half of the respondents opposed on the fact that the family doctor was restricted to clinic-based practice. Half of the respondents intended to Participate in the program and the rate of intention to participate in the family doctor registration program was related to their household income and favorable attitude to wards the program and marginally related to the number in a household, haring a regular doctor, their interest in health. The demographie variables did not influence intention to participate in the program. CONCLUSIONS: Half of the respondents agreed to participate in the family doctor registration program, but ethers were negative to the principles of the program and cost sharing.

Gender Difference in Self-esteem, Physical and Mental Health in Adolescents / 아동간호학회지

The purpose of this study was to investigate the gender difference of relationships between the self-esteem and physical and mental health of adolescents. The sample were consisted of 410 adolescents, 202 boys and 208 girls in two urban city of Korea and the mean age was 17.4 years old. The instruments used in this study were Hare Self-Esteem Scale(Hare, 1985) and School Health Efficacy Questionnaire(Froman & Owen, 1991) which is consisted of both physical and mental health. The results showed that there was no gender difference in self-esteem of adolescents. However, the school domain of self-esteem was related to physical health of boys, and both the family domain and the school domain of self-esteem were related to physical health of girls. And both the school domain and the peer domain of self-esteem were positively related to mental health of boys, and all domains of self-esteem(peer, school, and family) were positively related to mental health of girls. In conclusion, there was not gender difference in degree of self-esteem, but there were gender difference in specific domains of self-esteem related with physical and mental health in adolescents.

Gender Difference in Self-esteem, Physical and Mental Health in Adolescents / 아동간호학회지

The purpose of this study was to investigate the gender difference of relationships between the self-esteem and physical and mental health of adolescents. The sample were consisted of 410 adolescents, 202 boys and 208 girls in two urban city of Korea and the mean age was 17.4 years old. The instruments used in this study were Hare Self-Esteem Scale(Hare, 1985) and School Health Efficacy Questionnaire(Froman & Owen, 1991) which is consisted of both physical and mental health. The results showed that there was no gender difference in self-esteem of adolescents. However, the school domain of self-esteem was related to physical health of boys, and both the family domain and the school domain of self-esteem were related to physical health of girls. And both the school domain and the peer domain of self-esteem were positively related to mental health of boys, and all domains of self-esteem(peer, school, and family) were positively related to mental health of girls. In conclusion, there was not gender difference in degree of self-esteem, but there were gender difference in specific domains of self-esteem related with physical and mental health in adolescents.

Study on Hantavirus Infection of Wild Rodents in Korea / 감염

BACKGROUND: Hantavirus are widely distributed in rodents populations even in geographical areas where hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) has not been reported. Multiple species of Murid and Arvicolid rodents serve as the natural reservoirs of hantaviruses. Serologic diagnosis using hantaviral antigens indicates that hantaviruses are widely distributed in wild rodents. This study was designed to find the distribution of hantaviruses among wild rodents and small mammals in Korea, 1995-1996. METHODS: Rodents were trapped alive in selected areas. A total of 551 wild rodents from 7 species and 97 small mammals from 4 species were captured in Korea. Serologic evidence for hantavirus infection were tested using five hantavirus antigens by indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique (IFA). Among 162 Apodemus agrarius, 23 Apodemus peninsulae, 8 Clethrionomys regulus, 6 Microtus fortis, 1 Mus musculus, 283 Tamias sibiricus, 68 Sciurus vulgaris, 14 Crocidura laciura, 80 Lepus sinensis, 2 Capereolus capereolus and 1 Nyctereutes procyonoides. RESULTS: 29 A. agrarius, 2 A. peninsulae, 1 C. laciura, 2 C. regulus, 27 T. sibiricus and 7 S. vulgaris were seropositive against Hantaan virus and 7 L. sinensis were IF antibody positive against Seoul virus. Some of Tamias sibiricus were only seropositive against Puumala virus or prospect hill virus. CONCLUSION: This data suggests that new serotypes of hantavirus might distribute among rodents in Korea.

Protozoan infection of the domestic animals and poultry in Korea

Researches in veterinary protozoology until the end of World War II were carried out entirely by Japanese workers such as Danagga, Yamada, Yuhoba and Isshiki. After the Korean war, investigations have been made by several Korean researchers such as Lee's, Son, Joen and Jang. The total species and genera of veterinary protozoa reported by authors up to date were 19 genera and 59 species except the commensal ciliates. Incidence of the protozoa were carried out for 4 years(1972-l975) by examining fecal samples and vaginal swabs in order to know the parasitic status of the domestic animals and poultry. The results are shown as followings. In dairy cattle: Entamoeba bovis 41.4 per cent , Eimeria spp. 5.6-15.0 per cent. In native cattle: Entamoeba bovis 47.6 per cent, Tritrichomonas foetus 8.5 per cent. In native horse: Eimeria sp. 10.0 per cent. In goat: Eimeria spp. 100 per cent. In swine: Entamoeba spp. 55.44 per cent, Eimeria spp. 20 per cent, Balantidium coli 66.58 per cent. In dog: Isospora bigemina(Large type) 8.7 per cent, Giardia canis 4.4 per cent. In cat: Isospora spp. 12.8 per cent. In hare: Entamoeba cuniculi 12.0 per cent, Eimeria spp. 20.0 per cent, Chilomastix cuniculi 12.0 per cent , Giardia cuniculi 4.0 per cent. In turkey: Eimeria spp. 33.3 per cent, Hexamita meleagriais 8.3 per cent. In chicken: Eimeria spp. 26.8 per cent. The main protozoan diseases of the domestic animals and poultry in Korea may be summarized from the data reported and surveyed as followings. Coccidiosis; poultry, hare, goat, cattle, swine. Theileriasis; cattle. Babesiasis; cattle, dog. Anaplasmosis; cattle, goat. Eperythrozoonosis; cattle, swine. Leucocytozoonosis; chicken. Histomoniasis; chicken. Toxoplasmosis; swine, cat. Balantidiasis; swine. Besnoitiosis; native cattle. Amoebiasis; swine, cattle. Sarcosporidiosis; Cattle, swine.