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1.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 38(4): 253-260, dic. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1441387

RESUMO

El neumatocele traumático, o pseudoquiste pulmonar traumático, es una complicación infrecuente del trauma cerrado de tórax, caracterizada por lesiones cavitadas únicas o múltiples de paredes fibrosas bien delimitadas, sin revestimiento epitelial. Representa un reto diagnóstico ante la prevalencia de etiologías más frecuentes de cavitación pulmonar, presentación clínica inespecífica y el carácter subreportado de la patología. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 21 años, con cuadro clínico de fiebre y dolor torácico posterior a traumatismo contuso por accidente en motocicleta, con identificación de una lesión cavitada rodeada de vidrio esmerilado, ubicada en lóbulo superior derecho en tomografía de tórax. Se ofreció tratamiento antibiótico ante la sospecha clínica de sobreinfección. Sin embargo, se atribuyó la alteración pseudoquística pulmonar al antecedente traumático. En ocasiones las cavitaciones pulmonares postrauma no son identificadas en la atención inicial, por ende, es fundamental la evaluación clínica e imagenológica subsecuente.


Traumatic pneumatocele, or traumatic pulmonary pseudocyst, is a rare complication of blunt chest trauma, characterized by multiple or unique cavitary lesions, with well-defined fibrous walls without epithelial lining. It represents a diagnostic challenge due to the higher prevalence of other etiologies of lung cavities, nonspecific clinical features and the under-reported nature of this pathology. We present the case of a 21-year-old male with fever and chest pain after a blunt chest trauma in a motorcycle accident, with identification of a cavity in the right upper lobe, surrounded by ground glass opacities. Antibiotic therapy was administered after clinical suspicion of superinfection, however, the cavitary lesion was attributed to the trauma. Occasionally, traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts are not identified during initial assessment, therefore, clinical and imagenologic follow-up is essential.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Traumatismos Torácicos/complicações , Cistos/etiologia , Cistos/diagnóstico por imagem , Lesão Pulmonar/etiologia , Lesão Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Ferimentos não Penetrantes , Radiografia Torácica , Superinfecção , Acidentes , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Cavitação
2.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 36(2): 115-121, jun. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138543

RESUMO

Ha habido mucha discusión sobre los efectos dañinos para la salud producidos por los cigarrillos electrónicos o vapeadores y su utilidad como ayuda para dejar de fumar. Cada vez aparecen más publicaciones con efectos deletéreos sobre la salud. Esta discusión se ha acentuado en los últimos años, por el importante aumento del uso de los vapeadores en todo el mundo, especialmente entre los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. En septiembre de 2019 el Centro de Control y Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) de los EE. UU. alertó sobre un importante número de casos de enfermedad pulmonar asociada al uso de cigarrillo electrónico (EVALI: e-cigarette or vaping associated lung injury). Epidemiológicamente se consideró un brote que al 17 de enero, 2020 ha presentado 2.668 pacientes hospitalizados, con 57 fallecidos. Durante la semana del 15 de septiembre 2019 ocurrió el 'peak' de hospitalizaciones por EVALI. La mayoría eran varones jóvenes. El 82% usó productos con Tetrahidrocanabinoides (THC) y el 14% productos con nicotina. En el lavado bronquio-alveolar de 51 casos de EVALI se encontró la presencia de acetato de Vitamina E, producto utilizado como espesante para la elaboración de productos de 'vapeo' que contienen THC, lo que lo hace un posible factor causal, pero no se puede descartar el papel de otros compuestos tóxicos. Las principales sociedades científicas del mundo y la OMS han advertido de los riesgos a largo plazo del uso de los cigarrillos electrónicos y recomiendan su control y regulación.


There has been a lot of discussion about the harmful health effects caused by electronic cigarettes or vapers and their usefulness as a smoking cessation aid. More and more publications appear with deleterious effects on health. This discussion has been straightened in recent years, due to the significant increase in the use of vapers worldwide, especially among adolescents and young adults. In September 2019, the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention warned of a significant number of cases of lung disease associated with the use of electronic cigarettes (EVALI: e-cigarette or vaping associated lung injury). Epidemiologically it was considered an outbreak that as of January 17, 2020 presented 2668 hospitalized patients, with 57 deaths. During the week of September 15, 2019 the peak of hospitalizations for EVALI occurred. The majority were young men. 82% of them used products with Tetrahydrocanabinoids (THC) and 14% products with nicotine. In the bronchoalveolar lavage of 51 cases of EVALI, the presence of Vitamin E acetate was found, a product used as a thickener for the elaboration of vaping products containing THC, which makes it a possible causal factor, but it cannot be ruled out the contribution of other toxic compounds. The world's leading scientific societies and World Health Organization have warned of the long-term risks of using electronic cigarettes and recommend their control and regulation.


Assuntos
Humanos , Lesão Pulmonar/etiologia , Sistemas Eletrônicos de Liberação de Nicotina , Vaping/efeitos adversos , Dronabinol , Vitamina E/análise , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/química , Lesão Pulmonar/patologia , Lesão Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Lesão Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 53(2): e8917, 2020. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055492

RESUMO

This study investigates the effect of the overexpression of the placental growth factor (PGF) and hyperoxia on lung development and determines whether anti-PGF antibody ameliorates hyperoxia-mediated impairment of lung development in newborn rats. After exposure to normoxic conditions for seven days, newborn rats subjected to normoxia were intraperitoneally or intratracheally injected with physiological saline, adenovirus-negative control (Ad-NC), or adenovirus-PGF (Ad-PGF) to create the Normoxia, Normoxia+Ad-NC, and Normoxia+Ad-PGF groups, respectively. Newborn rats subjected to hyperoxia were intraperitoneally injected with physiological saline or anti-PGF antibodies to create the Hyperoxia and Hyperoxia+anti-PGF groups, respectively. Our results revealed significant augmentation in the levels of PGF and its receptor Flt-1 in the lung tissues of newborn rats belonging to the Normoxia+Ad-PGF or Hyperoxia groups. PGF overexpression in these groups caused lung injury in newborn rats, while anti-PGF antibody treatment significantly cured the hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Moreover, PGF overexpression significantly increased TNF-α and Il-6 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of the Normoxia+Ad-PGF and Hyperoxia groups. However, their levels were significantly reduced in the BAL fluid of the Hyperoxia+anti-PGF group. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that PGF overexpression and hyperoxia treatment significantly increased the expression of the angiogenesis marker, CD34. However, its expression was significantly decreased upon administration of anti-PGF antibodies (compared to the control group under hyperoxia). In conclusion, PGF overexpression impairs lung development in newborn rats while its inhibition using an anti-PGF antibody ameliorates the same. These results provided new insights for the clinical management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Ratos , Autoanticorpos/metabolismo , Hiperóxia/metabolismo , Lesão Pulmonar/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Placentário/metabolismo , Anticorpos Monoclonais/metabolismo , Autoanticorpos/imunologia , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Hiperóxia/complicações , Hiperóxia/diagnóstico por imagem , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Lesão Pulmonar/patologia , Lesão Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Fator de Crescimento Placentário/imunologia , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia
4.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 48(1)ene.-mar. 2009. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-534549

RESUMO

Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 58 años de edad, que ingresó en el Hospital Universitario Dr Miguel Enríquez a causa de un cuadro de dificultad respiratoria con una evolución no satisfactoria. Después de los estudios complementarios hematológicos, imagenológicos y funcionales se diagnosticó un cuerpo extraño intrapulmonar. Fue intervenido quirúrgicamente y se encontró un cuerpo extraño (clavo pequeño) en lóbulo inferior del pulmón izquierdo. Por resultar una localización infrecuente en este tipo de accidente y por la dificultad de la sospecha clínica y por consiguiente de su tratamiento, se presentó este caso, para mostrar los aspectos clinicoquirúrgicos y patológicos más relevantes(AU)


The case of a 58-year-old female patient that was admitted in Dr Miguel Enríquez University Hospital due to a picture of respiratory difficulty with a non-satisfactory evolution was presented. After the hematological, imaging and functional complementary tests, an intrapulmonary foreign body was diagnosed. She was operated on, and a small nail was found in the inferior lobule of the left lung. Due to its uncommon localization in this type of accident and to the difficulty of the clinical suspicion and, consequently, of its treatment, this case was presented to show the most important clinical, surgical and pathological aspects(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Lesão Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Corpos Estranhos/cirurgia , Literatura de Revisão como Assunto
5.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 40(2): 134-143, abr.-jun. 2001.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-628181

RESUMO

El desarrollo de los equipos endoscópicos y los refinamientos en las técnicas quirúrgicas han expandido la cirugía torácica vídeo asistida de procederes puramente diagnósticos a terapéuticos. De 175 pacientes a los que se les realizó cirugía torácica vídeo asistida, 104 (59,4 por ciento) eran hombres y 71 mujeres (40,6 por ciento). En 53,7 por ciento las operaciones fueron diagnósticas. Entre las causas más frecuentes se encuentran el derrame pleural, los nódulos pulmonares y las lesiones tumorales mediastinales. Las operaciones practicadas con fines diagnósticos fueron biopsia de pleura, de tumores pulmonares y mediastinales y estadiación de carcinoma broncógeno. En todos los pacientes, menos en 1, se obtuvo muestra para la biopsia. Entre los procederes con carácter curativo sobresalen talcaje pleural, resección de bullas enfisematosas, vagotomía transtorácica, pleurectomía parietal parcial y resección de discos intervertebrales para la liberación anterior de la columna. Hubo 21 conversiones (10,6 por ciento). Las causas principales fueron bullas de base ancha, bloqueo pleural por adherencias, no visualización de la lesión y no colapso pulmonar. De 18 (10,3 por ciento) enfermos complicados 6 (3,4 por ciento), presentaron complicaciones generales y 12 (6,8 por ciento) locales. Las más frecuentes fueron insuficiencia respiratoria aguda, neumotórax, derrame pleural y sangramiento transoperatorio. La mortalidad fue 5,1 por ciento con 9 fallecidos y las causas principales el tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) y el infarto agudo del miocardio (IMA). Se obtuvo un promedio de tiempo quirúrgico de 40,2 min (15-80) y 80,9 (25-180) para los procederes diagnósticos y terapéuticos respectivamente. Se concluye en que la cirugía toracoscópica vídeo asistida es una herramienta útil en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de diversas lesiones pulmonares, pleurales y mediastinales(AU)


The development of endosopic equipments and the advances of the surgical techniques have expanded the videoassisted thoracic surgery from purely diagnostic procedures to therapeutic procedures. In a group of 175 patients who underwent this type of surgery, 104 (59.4 percent) were men and 71 were women (40.6 percent). In 53.7 percent the surgical approaches were diagnostic. Pleural effusion, lung nodules and mediastinal tumor-like lesions are among the most common causes. The operations performed with diagnostic ends included pleura biopsy, biopsy of lung and mediastinal tumors and staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. In all patients but one, a sample for biopsy was taken. Pleural talc application, resection of emphysematous bullae, transthoracic vagotomy, partial parietal pleurectomy and resection of intervertebral discs for the anterior release of the vertebral column are some of the procedures with curative character. There were 21 conversions (10.6 percent). The main causes were wide-base bullae, pleural block due to adhesions, the non-visualization of the lesion and non lung collapse. Of the 18 (10.3 percent) complicated patients, 6 (3.4 percent) had general complications. The most frequent were acute respiratory failure, pneumothorax, pleural effusion and transoperative bleeding. Mortality was 5.1 percent with 9 deaths. Major causes were lung thromboembolism (LTE) and myocardial infarction (MI). It was obtained an average surgical time of 40.2 min (15-80) and 80.9 (25-180) for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, respectively. It is concluded that video-assisted thhoracoscopic surgery is a valuable tool in the diagnosis and treatment of different pulmonary, pleural and mediastinal lesions(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Derrame Pleural/diagnóstico por imagem , Toracoscopia/efeitos adversos , Cirurgia Torácica Vídeoassistida/métodos , Lesão Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem
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