Impact of Early Childhood Caries and Parental Oral Health Literacy on the Use of Oral Health Care Services by Children. Caries, Health Literacy and Health Care / Impacto de la Caries de la Primera Infancia y la Alfabetización en Salud Bucal de los Padres en el Uso de los Servicios de Atención de la Salud Oral por Parte de los Niños Caries, Alfabetización en Salud y Cuidado de la Salud

The objective of this study was to verify the impact of early childhood caries (ECC) and parental oral health literacy (OHL) on the use of oral health care services by preschool children. A population-based study was conducted with 449 dyads of preschool children aged 4-6 years and their parents/caregivers in the city of Ribeirão das Neves, Brazil. Two examiners performed the diagnosis of ECC using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS- Epi). The Brazilian version of the Hong Kong Oral Health Literacy Assessment Task for Pediatric Dentistry was administered to measure parents' OHL. Parents/caregivers answered the question "When was your child's last visit to the dentist?" to measure the use of oral health care services by the preschool children. The multiple logistic regression (p<0.05) revealed that children with presence of cavitated caries lesions were 1.82-fold more likely to use oral health care services (OR=1.82; 95%CI: 1.23-2.70) compared to those with absence of cavitated caries lesions. Children whose parents/caregivers had lower OHL were 34 % less likely to use oral health care services compared to those whose parents had higher OHL (OR=0.66; 95%CI: 0.45-0.99). Preschool children Dental services are used more by preschool children with presence of cavitated caries lesions and whose parents/caregivers have higher scores of OHL.

El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar el impacto de la caries de la primera infancia (CPI) y la alfabetización en salud oral de los padres (ASB) en el uso de los servicios de salud oral por parte de los niños en edad preescolar. Se realizó un estudio de base poblacional con 449 díadas de preescolares de 4 a 6 años y sus padres/cuidadores en la ciudad de Ribeirão das Neves, Brasil. Dos examinadores realizaron el diagnóstico de CPI utilizando el Sistema Internacional de Evaluación y Detección de Caries (ICDAS-Epi). Se administró la versión brasileña de Hong Kong Oral Health Literacy Assessment Task for Pediatric Dentistry para medir la ASB de los padres. Los padres/cuidadores respondieron la pregunta "¿Cuándo fue la última visita de su hijo al dentista?" medir la utilización de los servicios de salud oral por parte de los preescolares. La regresión logística múltiple (p<0,05) reveló que los niños con presencia de lesiones de caries cavitadas tenían 1,82 veces más probabilidades de utilizar los servicios de salud oral (OR=1,82; IC95%: 1,23-2,70) en comparación con aquellos con ausencia de lesiones de caries cavitadas. Los niños cuyos padres/cuidadores tenían un ASB más bajo tenían un 34 % menos de probabilidades de utilizar los servicios de atención de la salud bucodental en comparación con aquellos cuyos padres tenían un ASB más alto (OR = 0,66; IC del 95%: 0,45-0,99). Los servicios dentales para niños en edad preescolar son utilizados con mayor frecuencia por niños preescolares con presencia de lesiones cariosas cavitadas y cuyos padres/cuidadores tienen puntuaciones más altas de ASB.

Revision of brief health literacy assessment scale among the older adults and its reliability and validity test / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#The development and validation of the specific health literacy assessment tool for older adults is the basis for conducting the research on health literacy among older adults. The existing health literacy assessment scale for older adults in Chinese mainland has some limitations, such as too many items and poor compliance during the survey. It is necessary to develop or introduce simplified assessment tools to support large-scale surveys in the future. This study aims to modify the brief health literacy assessment scale compiled by Taiwan scholars, and to conduct the test for the reliability, validity and the measurement equivalence across gender in the older population in mainland China.@*METHODS@#From March to April 2021, 508 older adults from Jinan, Shandong Province, China were selected by cluster sampling method to conduct a questionnaire survey using the brief health literacy assessment scale and health-promoting lifestyle profile. After 4 weeks, 83 of them were selected for retesting. SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used for descriptive analysis, item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and reliability test, and Mplus 8.0 was used for confirmatory factor analysis and gender measurement equivalence test.@*RESULTS@#Each item of the scale had good discrimination, and there were significant differences in the scores of each item between high score and low score groups (P<0.05), and the coefficient of correlation between the scores of each item and the total score was between 0.721 and 0.891. Exploratory factor analysis extracted a factor with a characteristic root greater than 1, and the cumulative variance interpretation amount was 67.94%. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the single factor structure fit was good [χ2/df was 2.260, the Tucker-Lewis index was 0.973, the comparison fit index (CFI) was 0.982, and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.071]. The multi-group confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the brief health literacy assessment scale's configural equivalence, weak equivalence, and strong equivalence models were all accepted. The comparison results of measurement equivalence models showed that the changes of RMSEA were less than 0.015, and the changes of CFI were less than 0.01, indicating that the brief health literacy assessment scale had measurement equivalence between different gender groups. Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.945, and the test-retest reliability was 0.946. The correlation coefficient between health literacy and health-promotion lifestyles was 0.557 (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The brief health literacy assessment scale has good reliability, validity, and measurement equivalence across gender, and can be used as an effective measurement tool for the health literacy of the older people in Chinese mainland.

Oral Health Literacy and Related Factors among Pregnant Women Referring to Health Government Institute in Kerman, Iran

Abstract Objective: To evaluate oral health literacy among pregnant women in Kerman, Iran. Material and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 169 pregnant women referring to government institute. Data were collected by demographic profile (including age, number of children, educational level, dental attendance before pregnancy and economic status), 17-item oral health literacy questionnaire consisting of four domains (including reading comprehension, numeracy, listening, and decision-making skills), self-assessment oral health status, DMFT index and oral health behavior. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 software using ANOVA and Chi-square tests at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 27.92 ± 5.25 years, 38.2% of them had bachelor's degree, 35.8% had dental attendance before pregnancy and 29.1% brushed daily their teeth twice or more. Dentists were the most frequent source of oral health information. Moreover, 60.0% believed their oral health was to be moderate, and 59.4% had inadequate oral health literacy. There was also a significant correlation between educational level, monthly income and dental attendance before pregnancy. Conclusion: Our results showed inadequate oral health literacy among pregnant women, highlighting the necessity of dental consultation before pregnancy.

Literacy in health and self-care in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus / Alfabetización en salud y autocuidado en individuos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Alfabetização em saúde e autocuidado em pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effect of educational intervention in the adherence to self-care activities and functional health literacy and numeracy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study conducted in two units of the Brazilian Family Health Strategy, involving people with diabetes. Educational interventions occurred in three meetings, weekly, lasting 60 minutes on average. Data were collected using the Questionário de Autocuidado com o Diabetes, before and after the interventions. Results: 55 people participated in the study. After the interventions, the greatest difference for a better adherence to self-care was the item "inspecting the inside of the shoes before putting them on", with 3.29 days in the week delta at analytical level. The worst was "taking insulin shots as recommended", with 0.00 days a week delta at basic level. Conclusion: Educational interventions had a positive effect on adherence to self-care and functional literacy in health.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el resultado de una intervención educativa en la adhesión a las actividades de autocuidado y de literacidad funcional en salud en el dominio de numeración en individuos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Método: Estudio casi experimental realizado en dos unidades de estrategia de salud de la familia, del cual participaron individuos con diabetes. Las intervenciones educativas se realizaron durante tres encuentros semanales, con una duración media de 60 minutos cada una. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante el Cuestionario de Actividades de Autocuidado con la Diabetes, antes y después de las intervenciones. Resultados: Participaron del estudio 55 individuos. Después de las intervenciones, el ítem con mayor diferencia en la mejor adhesión al autocuidado fue "examinar el calzado antes de ponerlo", con el delta de 3,29 días a la semana, nivel analítico. El peor fue "aplicar las inyecciones de insulina según lo recomendado", con el delta de 0,00 días a la semana, nivel básico. Conclusión: Las intervenciones educativas tuvieron un efecto positivo en la adhesión al autocuidado y la literacidad en salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de intervenção educativa na adesão às atividades de autocuidado e letramento funcional em saúde no domínio numeramento em pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Método: Estudo quase-experimental, conduzido em duas unidades da estratégia de saúde da família, envolvendo pessoas com diabetes. As intervenções educativas aconteceram em três encontros, semanalmente, com duração média de 60 minutos. Os dados foram coletados pelo Questionário de Atividades de Autocuidado com o Diabetes, antes e após as intervenções. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 55 pessoas. Após as intervenções, o item que obteve maior diferença para uma melhor adesão ao autocuidado foi "examinar dentro do calçado antes de calçá-los", com delta de 3,29 dias na semana, nível analítico. O pior foi "tomar as injeções de insulina conforme recomendado", com delta de 0,00 dias na semana, nível básico. Conclusão: As intervenções educativas apresentaram efeito positivo na adesão ao autocuidado e letramento funcional em saúde.

Psychometric properties of BREALD-30 for assessing adolescents' oral health literacy

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30) administered to adolescents. METHODS The study included 750 adolescents: 375 aged 12 years and 375 aged 15-19 years, attending public and private schools in Campina Grande, state of Paraíba, Brazil, in 2017. Reliability was measured based on internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Convergent validity was measured based on correlations between BREALD-30 and Functional Literacy Indicator scores. Divergent validity was measured by comparing BREALD-30 scores with sociodemographic variables. For predictive validity, the association between BREALD-30 scores and the presence of cavitated carious lesions was tested using a multiple logistic regression model. All statistical tests were performed with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS BREALD-30 showed good internal consistency for the 12 year olds and 15 to19 year olds (Cronbach's alpha = 0.871 and 0.834, respectively) and good test-retest reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.898 and 0.974; kappa = 0.804 and 0.808, respectively]. Moreover, item-total correlation was satisfactory for all items. BREALD-30 had convergent validity with the Functional Literacy Indicator for 12 year olds (rs = 0.558, p < 0.001) and for 15 to 19 year olds (rs = 0.652, p < 0.001). Participants with higher oral health literacy levels who attended private schools (p < 0.001), belonged to economic classes A and B2 (p < 0.001), and who had parents with higher education levels (p < 0.001) were included, indicating the divergent validity of the BREALD-30. Participants with lower BREALD-30 scores were more likely to have cavitated carious lesions [12 year olds: odds ratio (OR) = 2.37; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.48-3.80; 15 to 19 year olds: OR = 1.96; 95%CI 1.24-3.11]. CONCLUSIONS BREALD-30 shows satisfactory psychometric properties for use on Brazilian adolescents and can be applied as a fast, simple, and reliable measure of oral health literacy.

Sociodemography, Oral Health Status and Behaviours Related to Oral Health Literacy

Abstract Objective: To assess the relationships of socio-demography, self-reported oral health status, and behaviour with oral health literacy (OHL) among adults. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during a mega carnival in Kuala Lumpur. Socio-demographic, oral health status, and oral health behaviour data were obtained using a questionnaire, and OHL was determined by a validated Malay version of the 14 items Health Literacy in Dentistry Scale (HeLD-14). A total of 165 data of participating adults were tested using Pearson's correlation, Independent t-test and One-way ANOVA with a significance level set at p<0.05 Results: The mean age of participants was 30.4 years (S.D. 9.7 years). Malay HeLD-14 scores were higher among those who were from better socio-economic class (household income within the top 20% of the population) (p<0.005) those with good self-reported oral health status (good oral health status, no active caries) (p<0.005) and those with good oral health behaviours (brushed daily, flossed daily, does not vape) (p<0.05) Conclusion: Household income, self-reported oral health status, and behaviours were significantly associated with oral health literacy. Therefore, oral health literacy assessment is vital to help tailor appropriate oral health education and care.

Validity and reliability of the Health Literacy Assessment Scale for adherence to drug treatment among diabetics / Validade e confiabilidade da Escala de Avaliação da Alfabetização em Saúde quanto à adesão medicamentosa entre diabéticos

ABSTRACT Objective To prepare an instrument to evaluate health literacy with regard to adherence to drug treatment among diabetics, identify the validity of its content, and estimate its reliability. Methods Pilot study, with the following stages of instrument construction: literature review, content validation, reliability estimation (internal consistency/Cronbach's alpha and reproducibility/Kappa). Results The validity of content was completed and presented alpha=0.77 and Kappa values ranged from 0.31 to 1.00. Conclusion The instrument was approved regarding content validity, presented acceptable internal consistency and reproducibility. However, when applied, measurement errors it can produce must be considered.

RESUMO Objetivo Elaborar um instrumento para avaliar a alfabetização em saúde relacionada à adesão medicamentosa entre diabéticos, identificar a validade de seu conteúdo e estimar sua confiabilidade. Métodos Estudo piloto, cujas etapas de construção do instrumento foram revisão de literatura, validação de conteúdo e estimativa da confiabilidade (consistência interna/alfa de Cronbach e reprodutibilidade/Kappa). Resultados A validade de conteúdo foi concluída e apresentou valor de alfa=0,77 e o Kappa variou de 0,31 a 1,00. Conclusão O instrumento foi aprovado quanto à validade de conteúdo, apresentou consistência interna e reprodutibilidade aceitáveis. No entanto, ao ser utilizado, devem ser considerados os erros de medida que ele pode produzir.

Enabling Elements for the Implementation of Community Health Promoter Led Interventions: A Literature Review / Elementos Habilitadores para la Implementación de Intervenciones Dirigidas por Promotores de Salud Comunitaria: Una Revisión de la Literatura

ABSTRACT: This research seeks to present Community Lay Advisor interventions as a health promoting strategy that have appeared in the international literature, in order to highlight these enabling elements in the intervention's implementation and establish a comparison among the aspects addressed in the analyzed experiences and the "Schoolbased Oral Health Promoters Program" at the Universidad de La Frontera in Temuco, Chile. A comprehensive scoping review was held between February and March 2018, with searches performed in both the academic and grey literature. Peer-reviewed scientific papers were found using the interdisciplinary database Scopus (including MEDLINE) and EBSCOhost, while grey literature and media sources were extracted from the Google and Google Scholar search engines, supplemented with a visit to the EPES foundation in Chile and an analysis of the reference lists for the selected articles. 369 articles were identified, of which 23 met eligibility criteria for this review. Based on the analysis of the experiences, some facilitators were found more pertinent when achieving the goals concerning the intervention's design, implementation and assessment. This paper makes recommendations for the design and execution of peer-led health promotion interventions in order to increase its effectiveness and success rate.

RESUMEN: Esta investigación busca presentar las intervenciones del Community Lay Advisor como una estrategia de promoción de la salud que ha aparecido en la literatura internacional, para resaltar estos elementos habilitadores en la implementación de la intervención y establecer una comparación entre los aspectos abordados en las experiencias analizadas y el "Programa de Promotores de Salud Bucal en las Escuelas" de la Universidad de La Frontera, en Temuco, Chile. Entre febrero y marzo de 2018 se llevó a cabo una revisión exhaustiva del alcance, con búsquedas realizadas tanto en la literatura académica como en la gris. Se encontraron artículos científicos revisados por pares utilizando la base de datos interdisciplinaria Scopus (incluyendo MEDLINE) y EBSCOhost, mientras que la literatura gris y las fuentes de medios se extrajeron de los motores de búsqueda Google y Google Scholar, complementados con una visita a la fundación EPES en Chile y un análisis de las listas de referencias de los artículos seleccionados. Se identificaron 369 artículos, de los cuales 23 cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad para esta revisión. Sobre la base del análisis de las experiencias, algunos facilitadores resultaron más pertinentes al alcanzar los objetivos relacionados con el diseño, la implementación y la evaluación de la intervención. Este documento hace recomendaciones para el diseño y la ejecución de intervenciones de promoción de la salud dirigidas por pares para aumentar su eficacia y su tasa de éxito.

Gestión de información y percepción organizacional en el Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas de Cuba / Information management and organizational perception in the National Information Center of Medical Sciences, Cuba

El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo identificar los elementos de la gestión de información que contribuyen a generar capacidades para una adecuada percepción organizacional. Con este propósito, se contextualizó la investigación al Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas (Infomed) por su desarrollo y principales resultados en el sector de la salud desde el ámbito de las Ciencias de la Información. Entre los métodos y técnicas se utilizó el análisis documental y de contenido para la caracterización de la institución, y la encuesta a directivos y especialistas de nivel estratégico. Entre los principales resultados del estudio se encontraron el carácter informacional de la percepción organizacional y sus procesos específicos. Se identificaron los elementos informacionales de la gestión de información que incidían en el desarrollo de las capacidades perceptivas, enfocados principalmente hacia el análisis y el uso de la información estratégica, su monitoreo y la vigilancia sistemática, los escenarios de construcción de significados compartidos, los procesos informacionales y gerenciales que se desarrollaban en el proceso, y la cultura informacional. El estudio concluyó que la gestión de información incide directamente en la percepción organizacional, y presenta elementos informacionales que -articulados de forma estratégica- pueden favorecer las capacidades de percepción de una organización(AU)

The objective of this article was to identify what elements of information management contribute to generating capacities for an adequate organizational perception. With this purpose, the research was contextualized to the National Information Center of Medical Sciences (Infomed) for its development and main results in the health sector from the field of information sciences. Among the methods and techniques, documentary and content analysis was used for the characterization of the institution, and the survey of managers and specialists at the strategic level. Among the main results of the study were the informational nature of the organizational perception and its specific processes. The informational elements of information management that influenced the development of perceptual capacities were identified, focused mainly on the analysis and use of strategic information, its monitoring and systematic surveillance, the settings for the construction of shared meanings, the informational and managerial processes that were developed in the process, and informational culture. The study concluded that information management directly affects the organizational perception, and presents informational elements that, strategically articulated, can favor the perception capacities of an organization(AU)

Comprehension of the education handout and health literacy of pacemaker users / Comprensibilidad de prospecto de facilitación e instrucción en salud de individuos con marcapasos / Legibilidade de prospecto facilitador e letramento em saúde de indivíduos com marcapasso

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the comprehension of the education handout and the level of Functional Health Literacy of individuals with cardiac pacemaker (PM) and whether there is correlation between the comprehension and Functional Health Literacy (FHL). Method: Cross-sectional study with 63 individuals with PM who answered to comprehension tests of the handout, literacy assessment (SAHLPA-50) and cognition (MMSE). Measurements of dispersion, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were calculated. Results: Most women, study time ≤ 9 years, 66.21 (average age) presented no cognitive changes. An adequate literacy level was evidenced in 50.8% individuals with PM and satisfactory comprehension of the handout. No correlation was identified between FHL, handout comprehension, age, years of study and cognition. Conclusion: The handout comprehension assessed by individuals with appropriate FHL indicated that it can be a printed material suitable for use, aiming to improve care process and knowledge of individuals with PM.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar la comprensibilidad de prospecto de facilitación del aprendizaje y nivel de Instrucción Funcional en Salud de individuos con marcapasos cardíaco (MP), y la existencia de correlación entre comprensibilidad e Instrucción Funcional en Salud (IFS). Método: Estudio transversal, con 63 individuos con MP, que respondieron testes de comprensibilidad del prospecto, de evaluación de instrucción (SAHLPA-50) y cognición (MEEM). Se calcularon medidas de dispersión, correlación de Pearson y regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados: Mayoría de mujeres, escolarización ≤ 9 años, media etaria de 66,21 años, sin alteraciones cognitivas. Evidenciado nivel adecuado de instrucción en 50,8% de individuos con MP y comprensibilidad satisfactoria del prospecto. No se identificó correlación entre IFS, comprensibilidad del prospecto, escolarización y cognición. Conclusión: La comprensibilidad del prospecto evaluada por individuos con IFS adecuada indicó que resulta potencial impreso educativo utilizable, en pos de mejorar el proceso de cuidar y el conocimiento de los individuos con MP.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a legibilidade de prospecto facilitador da aprendizagem e o nível de Letramento Funcional em Saúde de indivíduos com marcapasso cardíaco (MP) e se há correlação entre a legibilidade e Letramento Funcional em Saúde (LFS). Método: Estudo transversal com 63 indivíduos com MP, que responderam testes de legibilidade do prospecto, de avaliação do letramento (SAHLPA-50) e cognição (MEEM). Foram calculadas medidas de dispersão, correlação de Pearson e regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: Maioria mulheres, tempo de estudo ≤ 9 anos, idade média de 66,21 anos, sem alteração cognitiva. Evidenciado nível adequado de letramento em 50,8% dos indivíduos com MP e legibilidade satisfatória do prospecto. Não foi identificada correlação entre LFS, legibilidade do prospecto, idade, anos de estudo e cognição. Conclusão: A legibilidade do prospecto avaliada por indivíduos com adequado LFS indicou que pode ser um impresso educativo apropriado para uso, visando aprimorar o processo de cuidar e o conhecimento dos indivíduos com MP.

Letramento funcional em saúde na adolescência: associação com determinantes sociais e percepção de contextos de violência / Functional health literacy and quality of life of high-school adolescents in state schools in Belo Horizonte

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a associação entre letramento funcional em saúde e fatores sociodemográficos, qualidade de vida, autopercepção da saúde e percepção de contextos de violência em adolescentes de escolas estaduais de Belo Horizonte. Método Trata-se de estudo observacional analítico transversal com amostra probabilística estratificada composta por 384 adolescentes entre 15 e 19 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada em 16 escolas e incluiu questionários autoaplicáveis de avaliação do letramento funcional em saúde, classificação socioeconômica, autopercepção de saúde e de qualidade de vida. A confiabilidade da consistência interna do instrumento de letramento funcional em saúde foi determinada por meio do cálculo do coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, bivariada e de regressão logística múltipla com entrada hierarquizada dos dados segundo o nível de determinação do modelo teórico estabelecido. Foi considerado o nível de significância de 5% e utilizada como medida de magnitude das associações o Odds Ratio. Resultados O instrumento de letramento funcional em saúde apresentou coeficiente de 0,766, indicando consistência interna aceitável. Mais da metade dos adolescentes apresentou letramento funcional em saúde bom. No modelo final da análise multivariada, permaneceram associadas ao letramento funcional em saúde as variáveis: não praticar religião (p = 0,006; OR = 2,108); domínio social da qualidade de vida (p = 0,004; OR = 1,022); e domínio escolar da qualidade de vida (p = 0,009; OR = 1,019). Conclusão Adolescentes com melhor percepção do convívio social e da inserção escolar tendem a apresentar melhor letramento funcional em saúde. A presença da prática de religião na vida do adolescente também interfere no letramento funcional em saúde.

ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate the association between functional health literacy and sociodemographic factors, quality of life, self-perception of health, and perception of contexts of violence in adolescents in state schools in Belo Horizonte. Methods This is a cross-sectional analytical observational study with a probabilistic sample of 384 adolescents between 15 and 19 years old. Data collection was carried out in schools and included self-reporting questionnaires to assess the functional health literacy, socioeconomic classification, self-perceived health, and quality of life. The reliability of internal consistency of the functional health literacy instrument was determined by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed using hierarchical data entry according to the level of determination of the theoretical model established. In order to evaluate the association, a significance level of 5% was considered, while the Odds Ratio used as a measure of the magnitude of the associations. Results The functional health literacy instrument presented a coefficient of 0.766, indicating adequate internal consistency. More than half of teenagers presented good functional health literacy. In the final model of multivariate analysis, the variables not practicing a religion (p = 0.006; OR = 2.108); social domain of quality of life (p = 0.004; OR = 1.022); and educational domain of quality of life (p = 0.009; OR = 1.019) remained associated with functional health literacy. Conclusion Not practicing a religion and the increase in the scores of social and educational domains of quality of life increased the chances of better functional health literacy.

Training and calibration of interviewers for oral health literacy using the BREALD-30 in epidemiological studies

Abstract The objective of this study was to describe an interviewer training and calibration method to evaluate oral health literacy using the Brazilian Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30) in epidemiological studies. An experienced researcher (gold standard) conducted all training sessions. The interviewer training and calibration sessions included three different phases: theoretical training, practical training, and calibration. In the calibration phase, six interviewers (dentists) independently assessed 15 videos of individuals who had different levels of oral health literacy. Accuracy and reproducibility were evaluated using the kappa coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The percentage of agreement for each word in the instrument was also calculated. After training, the kappa values were higher than 0.911 and 0.893 for intra- and inter-rater agreement, respectively. When the results were analyzed separately for the different levels of literacy, the lowest agreement rate was found when evaluating the videos of individuals with low literacy (K = 0.871), but still within the range considered to be near-perfect agreement. The ICC values were higher than 0.990 and 0.975 for intra- and inter-rater agreement, respectively. The lowest percentage of agreement was 86.6% for the word "hipoplasia" (hypoplasia). This interviewer training and calibration method proved to be feasible and effective. Therefore, it can be used as a methodological tool in studies assessing oral health literacy using the BREALD-30.

Alfabetização em saúde bucal: uma revisão da literatura / Oral health literacy: a literature review

A necessidade da construção do conhecimento sobre alfabetização em saúde se deve aofato de as pessoas ainda terem dúvidas e dificuldades para tomar decisões relacionadas à suasaúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar o tema alfabetização em saúde, identificando os principaismodelos teóricos que o norteiam, as diferenças/aproximações entre educação para a saúdee alfabetização em saúde, bem como os grupos de pessoas vulneráveis à baixa alfabetizaçãoem saúde. Avaliou-se, ainda, essa alfabetização no âmbito da Odontologia. Foram acessadasas bases de dados Scielo/BVS/Lilacs/PubMed em português e em inglês, independente do anode publicação, utilizando as palavras-chave “Alfabetização em saúde”, “Promoção da saúde”,“Educação em saúde bucal” e “Alfabetização em saúde bucal”. Identificaram-se traduções parao português do Brasil e definições e/ou conceitos do termo “health literacy”. Foi constatada ainterferência da relação profissional da saúde/paciente na eficácia dessa alfabetização, a existênciade instrumentos para a sua mensuração (sendo um deles específico para a Odontologia).Entre os modelos teóricos, destacou-se o de Sorensen et al. (2012), o qual propõe que a alfabetizaçãoem saúde refere-se aos conhecimentos, à motivação e à competência das pessoas paraacessar, compreender, avaliar e aplicar informações relacionadas à saúde. Distinguiram-se comogrupos vulneráveis à baixa alfabetização em saúde as crianças, adolescentes, idosos, pessoascom necessidades especiais, minorias étnicas e os desfavorecidos. No âmbito da Odontologia,constatou-se associação da autopercepção da saúde bucal com a alfabetização em saúde bucal.A informação é essencial para o crescimento e desenvolvimento das pessoas, sendo evidente aimportância da alfabetização em saúde para a melhoria da qualidade de vida das pessoas e dosindicadores de saúde bucal...

The need for building knowledge on health literacy is justified by the fact that people stillhave doubts and difficulties to make decisions related to their own health. This study aimed toreview the health literacy, identifying its principal theoretical models that guide the differences/similarities between health education and health literacy, as well as to identify vulnerablegroups of people with low health literacy. The health literacy in Dentistry was also evaluated.The Scielo / BVS / Lilacs / PubMed in Portuguese and English databases were accessed, regardlessof the year of publication, using “Health literacy”, “Health promotion”, “Oral health education”and “Oral health literacy” keywords. Translations for Brazilian Portuguese language, anddefinitions and/or concepts of the term “health literacy” were identified. Interference of therelationship doctor/patient in the effectiveness of literacy, the existence of tools for its measurement(one specific for Dentistry) were found. The theoretical model proposed by Sorensenet al. (2012) presented health literacy referred to the knowledge, motivation and competenceof people to access, understand, evaluate and apply information related to health. Children,adolescents, elderly, people with special mental needs, ethnic minorities and disadvantagedwere reported as the vulnerable groups related to low health literacy. Association of oral healthself-perception with oral health literacy was also found. Information is essential for growth anddevelopment of people, and the importance of health literacy is clear to improve the quality oflife and oral health indicators...