Artroscopia da articulação fêmoro-tíbio-patelar de cão / Arthroscopy of stifle joint in dogs

Artroscopia diagnóstica ou terapêutica foi realizada em 51 articulações fêmoro-tíbio-patelar (FTP) de cão. Os animais foram submetidos à anestesia geral e empregou-se solução Ringer lactado para distensão articular após a coleta do líquido sinovial. Endoscopicamente, a FTP foi dividida em cinco compartimentos: o recesso suprapatelar, articulação fêmoropatelar, compartimento medial, área intercondilar e compartimento lateral. Ruptura de ligamento cruzado cranial foi a mais freqüente patologia observada (46 casos) que em três casos estava associada a prolapso de menisco, em três casos observou-se sinovite e em dois osteocondrose dissecante do côndilo lateral. Dificuldades de introdução do artroscópio, de visibilização das estruturas e infiltração excessiva do tecido subcutâneo foram complicações observadas. Verificou-se, ainda, um caso de necrose tecidual grave. Nos casos crônicos, a observação das estruturas foi dificultada pela presença dos elementos celulares. A ampliação das imagens possibilitou o diagnóstico de lesões ainda em fase incipiente e daquelas não conclusivas ao exame radiográfico.

Diagnostic or therapeutic arthroscopy of stifle joint (SJ) was performed in 51 dogs. Animals were submitted to general anesthesia and ringer lactate solution was injected for articular distention after synovial fluid punction. SJ was divided in five main areas according to endoscopies: suprapatellar pouch, femuropatellar joint, medial compartment, intercondilar notch and lateral compartment. Cranial cruciate ligament rupture was most frequent (46 cases) detected pathology. In three cases it was related to medial meniscus prolapse. Synovitis was observed in three cases and dissecant osteocondrosis of the lateral femure condyle in two animals. Difficulties for arthroscope introduction, visualization of the structures and excessive infiltration of the subcutaneous tissue were complications observed. It was also noted a case of severe tissue necrosis. In chronic cases, the observation of the structures was affected by the presence of cellular elements. Images magnification allowed the diagnosis of the lesions that was not clear by either clinical or radiographic examinations.

The compare disquisition of the collateral ligaments: normal and pathologic appearances on MRI / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the MR findings of normal and abnormal collateral ligament and the meaning of medical jurisprudence appraisal.@*METHODS@#The MR findings of 12 normal and 13 surgically confirmed injured collateral ligaments were retrospectively reviewed and compared.@*RESULTS@#The normal tibial and fibular collateral ligaments were hypointense string on both T1 and T2 coronal MR images, with average length of 6.8 cm for tibial collateral ligament and 5.7 cm for fibular collateral ligament.13 collateral ligaments were injured, including 6 tibial and 3 fibular collateral ligaments. Two cases(4 ligaments) had both tibial and fibularcollateral ligaments injuries. The injury of collateral ligament was classified as: Grade I(5 ligaments), Grade II(5 ligaments), and Grade III(3 ligaments). The complications of anterior cruciate ligament sprains(3 cases), posterior cruciate ligament sprains(4 cases), meniscal tear(2 cases) were found in 7 patients(63.6%).@*CONCLUSION@#Coronal MR imaging can clearly demonstrate the structure of the knee collateral ligaments, accurately diagnose and classify the ligament injury, and correctly detect the complications, MRI is very valuable for medical jurisprudence appraisal.