Analysis of public appeals for vaccination in Guangzhou's Government Hotline from 2018 to 2020 / 中华预防医学杂志

This study analyzed the characteristics and change trend of Guangzhou citizens' demands related to vaccination through government hotlines 12345 and 12320 from 2018 to 2020. It understood the hotspots and needs of the public for vaccination work, analyzed the problems existing in vaccination work, and provided reference and suggestions for health departments to improve vaccination services and formulate relevant policies: to timely improve the professional ability and knowledge reserve of hotline personnel; to strengthen the construction of vaccination service system;to optimize the appointment vaccination service application; to scientifically purchase HPV vaccine and ensure the production and supply of vaccine.

Assistance strategies for women victims of genderbased violence during the COVID-19 pandemic / Estratégias assistenciais às mulheres vítimas de violência de gênero durante a pandemia da COVID-19

The objective was to analyze the scientific evidence on assistance strategies provided to women, victims of gender violence, in several countries, in the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a narrative review of the literature, by searching PubMed, Scopus and Virtual Health Library databases, using the keywords "COVID-19" and "women" and "violence". Seventy-six publications were initially found. After the selection, based on the inclusion criteria and the answers to the guiding question, 25 articles were used, submitted to the analysis of semantic content. There were five categories of analysis: Internet accessibility, telehealth and digital exclusion; Emergency telephone lines for reporting violence during the pandemic; Readjustment/expansion of services to combat COVID-19 to assist women victims of violence; Health education and intersectoral actions - interface with media programs; State actions and society responses. It is concluded that the main evidenced actions are anchored in the support and intersectoral actions proposed by the governments. It will help the State to develop strategies, enabling health professionals to rethink their practice, in a contextualized way to the current reality, from welcoming women to notification of suspicion, as well as health education for the empowerment of victims.

Objetivou-se analisar as evidências científicas sobre estratégias assistenciais dispensadas às mulheres, vítimas de violência de gênero, em diversos países, na pandemia da COVID-19. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, por meio da busca em bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, usando os descritores de busca "COVID-19" and "women" and "violence". Foram encontradas inicialmente 76 publicações. Após a seleção, baseada nos critérios de inclusão e nas respostas à pergunta norteadora, foram aproveitados 25 artigos, submetidos à análise de conteúdo semântica. Evidenciou-se cinco categorias de análise: Acessibilidade à internet, telesaúde e exclusão digital; Linhas telefônicas de emergência para denúncia da violência durante a Pandemia; Readequação/ampliação dos serviços de combate à COVID-19 ao atendimento às mulheres vítimas de violência; Educação em saúde e ações intersetoriais - interface com programas midiáticos; Ações do Estado e respostas da sociedade. Conclui-se que as principais ações evidenciadas estão ancoradas no apoio e ações intersetoriais propostas pelos governos. Contribuirá para que o Estado desenvolva estratégias, possibilitando que profissionais de saúde repensem sua práxis, de forma contextualizada à realidade atual, desde o acolhimento à mulher até a notificação da suspeita, bem como educação em saúde para empoderamento das vítimas.

Impact of public health emergency on public psychology: analysis of mental health assistance hotlines during COVID-19 in Zhejiang province / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the usage of mental health assistance hotline during COVID-19 in Zhejiang province from January 25th to February 29th 2020, and summarize the characteristics of the demand for mental health services and the dynamic changes of public mental health status during COVID-19 pandemic.@*METHODS@#Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. The calls related to pandemic were divided into four categories: medical, psychological, information and the others. The secondary categories of psychological calls were determined by text analysis. The number of calls were calculated weekly and the number of various types of calls over time were analyzed. We used stratified random sampling method to extract 600 cases of all kinds of calls related to pandemic and conducted a semantic analysis, through marking new, similar combination to form a feature set, then summed up the call content characteristics of each stage. Two hundred callers were followed up to understand how they felt about the call process in four aspects: the waiting time, call duration, the degree of problem-solving and the way to end the call.@*RESULTS@#In a total of 13 746 calls, 8978 were related to pandemic, among which 12.59%(1130/8978) were about medical issues, 26.50%(2379/8978) were about mental health, 27.18%(2440/8978) were about information regarding the pandemic and 33.74%(3029/8978) were about other pandemic related issues. Pandemic situation, relevant policy release, frequency of advertising campaigns were predictors of the number of calls per day during the pandemic (<0.05 or <0.01). The number of calls differed by gender and identities of callers (both <0.05). Finally 181 callers accepted telephone follow-up. Among them, 51.38%(93/181) of the callers thought that the waiting time was too long, 33.15%(60/181) of the callers thought that the call time was insufficient, 80.66%(146/181) of callers believed that the hotline could partially or completely resolve their concerns, and 39.23%(71/181) of the callers said the operator proposed to end the call.@*CONCLUSIONS@#s The changes of the number and content of the mental health assistance hotline calls reflected that the public mental health status experienced four stages during the pandemic: confusion, panic, boredom, and adjustment. The specialized mental health assistance hotlines should be further strengthened, and the efficiency should be improved. Mental health interventions should be tailored and adopted according to the characteristics of the public mental health status at different stages of the pandemic.

Effects of a Medication Management Program for Cancer Patients Receiving Oral Chemotherapy

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a medication management program on oral chemotherapy patients. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group ppretest-posttest design was used. Participants were 60 cancer patients (intervention group: 30, control group: 30). The medication management program was provided for 6 weeks. Collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: Although there were no statistically significant differences, scores of self-efficacy (t=−0.12, p=.902), knowledge (t=0.62, p=.537), medication adherence (t=0.51, p=.610), and staff satisfaction (t=1.44, p=.156) were higher in the experimental group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in self-efficacy, knowledge, symptom experience, medication adherence and staff satisfaction. This can be explained by both groups having already received initial instruction concerning basic care when they started to receive chemotherapy. Considering the positive outcome of the medication management program, a specialist nursing effort is needed to improve symptoms and medication adherence. Furthermore, a medication counseling hotline is needed to support the medical staff.

Food Allergy Management Status by Dietitians and Nutrition Teachers in Elementary and Middle Schools in Incheon / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: Food allergy appears to be increasing in prevalence and can potentially result in significant damaging impact on children's mental and physical health. This study investigated how dietitians/nutrition teachers in Incheon, where a fatal fool allergy incidence occurred, manage food allergy issues in school lunch systems. METHODS: A survey with a pre-tested questionnaire was conducted with 358 dietitians/nutrition teachers in Incheon area. The final analytical sample included questionnaire data from 208 study participants (58.1%). Statistical analyses used SPSS ver 19.0. RESULTS: A total of 99.5% respondents reported having received food allergy education. The respondents showed a correction rate of the food allergy test slightly higher than 70%, where nutrition teachers and respondents working in elementary schools had correction rates higher than dietitians and those working in middle schools (p<0.05). All respondents reported regular monitoring to identify students with food allergy and making notification of allergy-prone foods on menu in their school. More nutrition teachers provided "elimination meals" (57.6%) or "replacement meals" (37.0%) than dietitians (43.1%, 19.8%, respectively) (p<0.05). Elimination and replacement meals were provided more in elementary schools than in middle schools (p<0.05). Although counseling students with food allergy on nutrition was done by 64.9% of respondents, the areas of counseling were limited to basics of food allergy and how to use the notification system on menu. To prepare for handling food allergy events effectively, networks with regional clinics or hospitals (34.1%), hotline with parents (87.4%), and keeping an Epi-Pen ready (46.7% elementary school) were established. Only 34.1% of respondents knew how to use Epi-Pens. CONCLUSIONS: Dietitians and nutrition teachers in Incheon widely adapted food allergy management methods. It appears that education/training on food allergy for dietitians/nutrition teachers can move on from teaching basics of food allergy to providing applicable food allergy management methods at school system.

Outcomes of Home Monitoring after Palliative Cardiac Surgery in Infants with Congenital Heart Disease

PURPOSE: Common conditions, such as dehydration or respiratory infection can aggravate hypoxia and are associated with interstage mortality in infants who have undergone palliative surgery for congenital heart diseases. This study was done to evaluate the efficacy of a home monitoring program (HMP) in decreasing infant mortality. METHODS: Since its inception in May 2010, all infants who have undergone palliative surgery have been enrolled in HMP. This study was a prospective observational study and infant outcomes during HMP were compared with those of previous comparison groups. Parents were trained to measure oxygen saturation, body weight and feeding volume and to contact the hospital through the hotline for emergency situations. Telephone counseling was conducted by clinical nurse specialists every week post discharge. RESULTS: Forty-one infants were enrolled in HMP. Nine hundred telephone counseling sessions were conducted. Seventy-three infants required telephone triage with the most common conditions being gastrointestinal (50.7%) and respiratory symptoms (32.9%). With HMP intervention, interstage mortality decreased from 18.6% (8/43) to 9.8% (4/41) (chi2=1.15, p=.283). CONCLUSION: Results indicate that active measures and treatments using the HMP decrease mortality rates, however further investigation is required to identify various factors that contribute to hemodynamic complications during the interstage period.

Hipertermia maligna no Brasil: análise da atividade do hotline em 2009 / Malignant hyperthermia in Brazil: analysis of hotline activity in 2009 / Hipertermia maligna en Brasil: análisis de la actividad del hotline en 2009

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Hipertermia maligna (HM) é doença farmacogenética, com reação hipermetabólica anormal a anestésicos halogenados e/ou relaxantes musculares despolarizantes. Desde 1991 há um serviço hotline de atendimento telefônico para HM no Brasil, disponível 24 horas por dia, em São Paulo. Este artigo analisa a atividade do serviço brasileiro de hotline para HM em 2009. MÉTODOS: Análise prospectiva de todas chamadas telefônicas paria maligna (HM) é doença farmacogenética, com reação hipermetabólica anormal a anestésicos halogenados e/ou relaxantes musculares despolarizantes. Desde 1991 há um serviço hotline de atendimento telefônico para HM no Brasil, disponível 24 horas por dia, em São Paulo. Este art go analisa a at vidade do serviço brasileiro de hotline para HM em 2009a o serviço brasileiro de hotline para HM, de janeiro a dezembro de 2009. RESULTADOS: Foram recebidas 22 ligações; 21 provenientes do Sul-Sudeste do Brasil e uma do Norte. Quinze eram pedidos de informações gerais sobre HM. Sete foram suspeitas de crises agudas de HM, das quais duas não foram consideradas como HM. Nas cinco crises compatíveis com HM, todos os pacientes receberam anestésicos inalatórios halogenados (2 isoflurano, 3 sevoflurano) e um usou também succinilcolina; havia quatro homens e uma mulher, com média de idade de 18 anos (2-27). Problemas descritos nas cinco crises de HM: taquicardia (cinco), aumento do gás carbônico expirado (quatro), hipertermia (três), acidemia (um), rabdomiólise (um) e mioglobinúria (um). Um paciente recebeu dantrolene. Todos os cinco pacientes com crises de HM foram seguidos em unidade de terapia intensiva e recuperaram-se sem sequelas. A suscetibilidade à HM foi posteriormente confirmada em dois pacientes por meio do teste de contratura muscular in vitro. CONCLUSÕES: O número de chamadas por ano no serviço brasileiro de hotline para HM ainda é reduzido. As características das crises foram similares às descritas em outros países. É preciso aumentar o conhecimento sobre HM no Brasil.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a pharmacogenetic disease that causes abnormal hypermetabolic reaction to halogenated anesthetics and/or depolarizing muscle relaxants. In Brazil, there is a hotline telephone service for MH since 1991, available 24 hours a day in São Paulo. This article analyzes the activity of the Brazilian hotline service for MH in 2009. METHODS: Prospective analysis of all phone calls made to the Brazilian hotline service for MH from January to December 2009. RESULTS: Twenty-two phone calls were received: 21 from the South/Southeast region of Brazil and one from the North region. Fifteen calls were requests for general information about MH. Seven were about suspected MH acute episodes, two of which were not considered as MH. In five episodes compatible with MH, all patients received halogenated volatile anesthetics (2, isoflurane; 3, sevoflurane) and one also used succinylcholine; there were four men and one woman, with a mean age of 18 years (2-27). The problems described in the five MH episodes were tachycardia (5), increased expired carbon dioxide (4), hyperthermia (3), acidemia (1), rhabdomyolysis (1), and myoglobinuria (1). One patient received dantrolene. All five patients with MH episodes were follow-up in the intensive care unit and recovered without sequelae. Susceptibility to MH was later confirmed in two patients by in vitro muscle contracture test. CONCLUSIONS: The number of calls per year in the Brazilian hotline service for MH is still low. The characteristics of MH episode were similar to those reported in other countries. The knowledge of MH in Brazil needs to be increased.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La Hipertermia Maligna (HM) es una enfermedad farmacogenética, con una reacción hipermetabólica anormal a los anestésicos halogenados y/o relajantes musculares despolarizantes. Desde 1991 existe un servicio hotline de atención telefónica para la HM en Brasil a disposición las 24 horas del día en São Paulo. Este artículo analiza la actividad del servicio brasileño de hotline para la HM en el 2009. MÉTODOS: Análisis prospectivo de todas las llamadas telefónicas realizadas al servicio brasileño de hotline para la HM, desde enero a diciembre de 2009. RESULTADOS: Se recibieron 22 llamadas; 21 provenientes del Sur y Sudeste de Brasil y una del Norte. Quince eran solicitudes de informaciones generales sobre la HM. Siete fueron sobre sospechas de crisis agudas de HM, de las cuales dos no fueron consideradas como HM. En las cinco crisis compatibles con la HM, todos los pacientes recibieron anestésicos inhalatorios halogenados (2 isoflurano, 3 sevoflurano) y uno también usó succinilcolina. Había cuatro hombres y una mujer, con un promedio de edad de 18 años (2-27). Los problemas descritos en las cinco crisis de HM: taquicardia (cinco), aumento del gas carbónico espirado (cuatro), hipertermia (tres), acidemia (uno), rabdomiólisis (uno) y mioglobinuria (uno). Un paciente recibió dantrolene. Todos los cinco pacientes con crisis de HM recibieron acompañamiento en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y se recuperaron sin secuelas. La susceptibilidad a la HM fue posteriormente confirmada en dos pacientes por medio del test de la contractura muscular in vitro. CONCLUSIONES: El número de llamadas por año al servicio brasileño de hotline para la HM todavía es pequeño. Las características de las crisis fueron similares a las descritas en otros países. Es necesario aumentar el conocimiento que se tiene sobre la HM en Brasil.

El juego patológico, las conductas ilegales y la potencialidad preventiva del servicio de ayuda telefónica en Argentina / [Pathological gambling, illegal behavior and the preventive potentiality of a helpline in Argentina].

INTRODUCTION: The evolution of Pathological Gambling has some important landmarks such as the age of onset, time elapse between onset and the perception of gambling consequences and their severity. These events encourage the exploration of the preventive potential of a helpline service for gamblers, thus the contact with this service might be the beginning of opportune intervention. OBJECTIVES: To describe and to compare the course and complications due to gambling reported by two Argentineans gambler population with access to different services: a sample of participants of a self-help group; and a sample of helpline clients. METHOD: A total of 268 gamblers were surveyed using a structured interview that included the Brief Questionnaire of Pathological Gambling. The sample was composed by 174 subjects attending self-help groups (Anonymous Gamblers); and 94 consecutive callers to a gambling helpline in Argentina. RESULTS: 76

of Anonymous Gamblers and 33

IC 3.6; 11.6). The disorder and the negative consequences were more severe in the Anonymous Gamblers group. Mean age of onset of gambling for helpline clients was 35 years and for Anonymous Gamblers 28. The mean time elapsed to perceiving economic problems was 5 years for helpline clients and 7 for Anonymous Gamblers. The findings support that helpline services promote the seek for help in those gamblers that have not yet reached the summit of the disorder.

Caracterización del perfil epidemiológico de las llamadas alCentro de Información Toxicológica de la Universidad Católica (CITUC), en el año 2010 / Characterization of the epidemiological profile of calls received at the Poison Information Center of the Catholic University (CITUC), in 2010

Objetivo: Describir y caracterizar el perfil epidemiológico de las llamadas recibidas en el año 2010 correspondiente a exposiciones, por el Centro de Información Toxicológica de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de las llamadas registradas por el CITUC durante el año 2010. Se analizaron los siguientes datos: número total de llamadas, lugar de la llamada, circunstancia de la exposición, tipo y número de los agentes involucrados, vías de exposición, tiempo desde la exposición, género y edad de los pacientes. Resultados: Se registraron 29.592 llamadas. 45,2 por ciento de las consultas provenían del hogar y 53,2 por ciento de instalaciones médicas. 69,3 por ciento fueron exposiciones accidentales y 27,6 por ciento intencionales. Los medicamentos se presentaron como agente causal de una exposición en 58,4 por ciento de las llamadas, seguidos por los productos de uso doméstico (18,7 por ciento) y plaguicidas (5,8 por ciento). La ingestión fue la vía de exposición que predominó en un 79,3 por ciento del total de casos. 41,0 por ciento del total de las llamadas, se realizaron dentro de la primera hora post-exposición. Las exposiciones en niños menores de 14 años correspondieron a 51,6 por ciento de las llamadas. Conclusiones: Los medicamentos constituyen el principal agente involucrado en intoxicaciones. La principal vía de exposición es la ingesta y el principal grupo de población afectado son los niños menores de 14 años,. Estos indicadores muestran la necesidad imperante de desarrollar campañas de prevención e información avaladas por el Ministerio de Salud, respecto al correcto uso de los medicamentos, como también la introducción del envase resistente ala manipulación de los niños y la educación de la población.

Objective: To describe and to characterize the epidemiologoc profile of the entering pone calls in 2010 belonging to exposures by the Centro de Información Toxicológica de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Method: A retrospective and descriptive study of pone calls registered by the CITUC has been made during 2010. The following has been analyzed: total pone calls number, place of the call, exposure circumstances, kind and number ofagents involved, exposure way, time from exposure, gender and age of the patients. Outcomes: 29.592 phone calls were registered. 45,2 percent of the questions came from home and 53,2 percent from medical institutions. 69,3 percent were non intented exposures and 27,6 percent were intented. The drugs were the causal agent of exposures in 58,4 percent of the phone calls, followed by cleaning use products (18,7 percent) and insecticides (5,8 percent). Swallowing was the predominant exposure way with 79,3 percent of the total. 41 percent of total of phone calls, were made in the first hour after exposure. The children under 14 years exposure cases, were were 51,6 percent of total phone calls. Conclusions: Medical drugs are the principal involved agent in intoxications. The main way of exposition is swallowing and the major population group involved is children under 14 years. These indicators shows the need of developing prevention and information campaigns supported by Secretary of Health, oriented to right use of drugs, as well as the use of safety drug boxes for children and population education.

The Analysis of Community-Based Identification, Assessment and Allocation System for Early Psychosis / 대한정신분열병학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to make empirical evidence of community based detection, assessment and allocation system for early psychosis. METHODS: We analysed 222 youths who were referred to Seoul Early Management and Improvement Services (SEMIS) for early psychosis during six years from 2007 to 2012. RESULTS: 44% of referrals were from suicide hotline, 23% from web-based SEMIS assessment program, 20% from other service areas such as military services and 11% were self referred. Among 222 youths, 139 (62.6%) were completed Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndrome (SIPS). After SIPS, 23% had untreated or early psychosis, another 17% were found to be at high risk of psychosis and 18% of completed SIPS were found to have other mental illness such as depression, yielding an efficiency ratio of 58%. 70% of youths who were categorized as psychosis or high risk of psychosis or other mental illness were referred to psychiatric hospital or case management services. CONCLUSION: This study shows the effectiveness and limitations of community-based assessment and intervention system for early psychosis. Integrated community program is necessary to improve the efficiency of early intervention and for the better outcomes.

Línea de atención para el cuidador principal de pacientes oncológicos con soporte social / Hotline for the primary caregiver of cancer patients with social support

La presente investigación buscó evaluar el soporte social con el uso de Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (Tics) y las líneas telefónicas como mecanismo de satisfacción de los cuidadores principales de pacientes oncológicos asistentes a tratamiento en la Institución Prestadora de Salud (IPS) Oncomedical. Corresponde a un estudio cuantitativo con 112 cuidadores de pacientes oncológicos entre los meses de mayo y diciembre de 2010. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó el instrumento de caracterización de los cuidadores y otro para medir el soporte social. El instrumento "inventario de soporte social en enfermedad crónica", utilizado para medir el soporte social antes y después de la intervención de enfermería, consta de 34 ítems divididos en 4 subescalas que son: interacción personal, guía, retroalimentación e interacción social. Como características del cuidador principal se destaca: el rol de cuidador principal es asumido por las mujeres, con edad promedio entre los 36 y 59 años, con una secundaria incompleta, se encuentran dedicadas al hogar y pertenecen al estrato 2 y 3. La utilización de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (Tics) y el uso de las líneas telefónicas son medios eficientes para brindar soporte social a los cuidadores de pacientes oncológicos. Los resultados demuestran que el grado de satisfacción percibida por el cuidador incrementa de un 24% a un 77.67% cuando se le brinda información de soporte social y educativo por medio de las líneas telefónicas y en forma escrita incrementa de un 18.7% a un 33.9%, la retroalimentación el nivel de satisfacción aumentó a un 83%. El uso de las líneas telefónicas y las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (Tics) como mecanismos dinámicos de cuidado demostraron efectividad a nivel emocional y educativo permitiéndoles sentir a los cuidadores una compañía y soporte social.

The present research intended to evaluate the social support with the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and telephone lines as a means of satisfying the primary caregivers of cancer patients attending treatment in the Lender Institution (IPS) Oncomedical. It corresponds to a quantitative survey with 112 caregivers of cancer patients from May to December 2010. For the data collection was used the characterize caregivers instrument and one for measuring social support. The instrument "Inventory of social support in chronic disease", used to measure social support before and after nursing intervention consists of 34 items divided into 4 subscales are: personal interaction, guidance, feedback and social interaction. As the primary caregiver characteristics stand out: the role of primary caregiver is assumed by women, average age between 36 and 59 years, they are housewives with incomplete secondary studies and belong to 2nd and 3rd social status. The use of the Icts and the use of telephone lines are half efficient to provide social support for caregivers of cancer patients. The results show that the degree of satisfaction perceived by the caregiver increases from 24% to 77.67% when providing information on social and educational support through telephone lines and in writing increased from 18.7% to 33.9% The feedback satisfaction levels increased to 83%. The use of telephone lines and the dynamic mechanisms Icts care as demonstrated effectiveness at enabling them to feel emotional and educational caregivers and social support company.

[Effect of telephone counseling on continuity and duration of breastfeeding among primiparus women]

Breast milk provides many healthy nutrients to infants. Support provided by health care provider has positive effects on duration of breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of telephone counseling on continuity and duration of breastfeeding among primiparus women. This clinical trial was conducted on 140 primiparus women referred to the selected health centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2010. The participants were randlomly allocated into two equal groups [each: 70 indviduals]. The participants in the intervention group received telephone counseling by one of the researchers. The control group received routine care. Data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic characteristics and a breastfeeding check list. Exclusive breastfeeding rates were recorded one and three months after childbirth in both groups. Also, the continuity and duration of exclusive breastfeeding were recored three months after childbirth in both groups. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, standard logistic regression and linear regression in the SPSS-16 and the Win Pepi. The average duration of exclusive breastfeeding in the intervention group [8.05 +/- 3.99] was significantly more than the control group [6.23 +/- 4.03] [P=0.008]. In the third month of delivery, continuity of exclusive breastfeeding in the intervention group was more than the control group [P=0.03]. Results also showed that telephone counseling was effective in the duration of exclusive breastfeeding [P=0.02]. Telephone counseling was effective in continuity and duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Using this inexpensive and easy method can help to increase exclusive breastfeeding, especially in primiparus women

Changes in HIV needs identified by the National AIDS Hotline of Trinidad and Tobago / Cambios en las necesidades relacionadas con el VIH identificadas por la Línea Directa Nacional de Trinidad y Tobago sobre Sida

Objectives: To examine utilization of the National AIDS Hotline of Trinidad and Tobago (AIDSLINE), evaluate its validity as a reliable data source for monitoring national HIV-related needs, and identify changes in caller requests between two different time periods. Methods: A total of 7 046 anonymous hotline calls in 1998-2002 (T1) and 2 338 calls in 2007 (T2) were analyzed for associations between caller characteristics and call content. A subsample of the data was also analyzed qualitatively. T1 findings were compared with HIV-related data collected by national policy-makers during that period, to evaluate the hotline's validity as a data source, and findings from T2, to reveal changes in call content over time. Results: In T1, the hotline was well utilized for information and counseling by both the general population and those living with HIV/AIDS. Call content from T2 indicated an increase versus T1 in 1) general awareness of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases; 2) HIV testing; and 3) knowledge of HIV symptoms and transmission. HIV-related mental health needs, and the relationship between HIV and both child sexual abuse (CSA) and intimate partner violence (IPV), were identified as emerging issues. Conclusions: AIDSLINE is a well-utilized tool for providing information and counseling on national HIV-related issues, and a valid, cost-effective, easily accessed information source for planners and policy-makers involved in HIV management. Over the two study periods, there was an increase in HIV awareness and testing and in requests related to mental health, CSA, and IPV, but no change in sexual behaviors.

Objetivos: Evaluar la utilización de la Línea Directa Nacional de Trinidad y Tobago sobre Sida (AIDSLINE) y su validez como fuente confiable de información para monitorear las necesidades nacionales sobre el VIH, e identificar cambios en las preguntas de los usuarios en dos momentos diferentes. Métodos: Se buscaron asociaciones entre las características de los usuarios y el contenido de 7 046 llamadas anónimas recibidas entre 1998 y 2002 (T1) y 2 338 recibidas en 2007 (T2). Se tomó una submuestra para análisis cualitativo. Se compararon las características de las llamadas de T1 con: 1) los datos de la autoridad nacional sobre la infección por VIH en ese período, para evaluar la validez de AIDSLINE como fuente de información, y 2) con las de T2 para revelar los cambios en el contenido de las llamadas en el tiempo. Resultados: En T1, AIDSLINE se utilizó ampliamente para buscar información y consejería, tanto por la población general como por personas con VIH/sida. El contenido de las llamadas en T2 indicó un incremento con respecto a T1 en: 1) preocupación general sobre el VIH y otras enfermedades de transmisión sexual; 2) detección de la infección por el VIH; y 3) información sobre los síntomas de la infección y su transmisión. Se identificaron como preocupaciones emergentes las necesidades en salud mental relacionadas con el VIH y la relación entre esta infección y el abuso sexual de menores (ASM) y la violencia de pareja (VDP). Conclusiones: AIDSLINE es una herramienta ampliamente utilizada para brindar información y consejería sobre el VIH en el país y una fuente de información válida, efectiva en función del costo y de fácil acceso para los encargados de planear y elaborar políticas relacionadas con el VIH. Con respecto a T1, en T2 aumentaron la preocupación por el VIH y su detección y las preguntas sobre la salud mental, el ASM y la VDP, pero sin cambios en cuanto a la conducta sexual.

Estratégia de recrutamento de fumantes no metrô do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, para ampliar o acesso a linhas telefônicas de apoio à cessação: impacto da novidade / Recruitment of smokers in the Rio de Janeiro subway, Brazil, as a strategy to increase access to quitline services: the impact of novelty

Criatividade e inovação das estratégias de recrutamento de fumantes são fundamentais para aprimorar as ações de controle do tabagismo. Atualmente, no Brasil, por meio das imagens de advertência presentes nos maços de cigarros, há uma divulgação permanente e intensa de mensagens que provocam sentimentos de perda associados ao tabagismo, os quais são importantes para estimular o acesso a linhas telefônicas de apoio à cessação. Comparou-se a taxa de ligação para aconselhamento telefônico observada após introdução de nova estratégia de recrutamento reativo focada no tema "fumar é perder fôlego" e adaptada ao cenário do metrô do Rio de Janeiro, com as taxas verificadas para duas outras estratégias reativas existentes. Independentemente da faixa etária, houve maior resposta para a nova estratégia proposta. Apesar da grande sensibilização, no Brasil, quanto aos malefícios do tabaco, novos formatos de comunicação abordando temas de relevância pessoal podem aumentar a quantidade e diversidade da população de fumantes recrutada para serviços de aconselhamento telefônico de suporte à cessação.

Creative and innovative strategies to recruit smokers are essential for improving tobacco control activities. Currently in Brazil, through health warning messages on cigarette packs, there is a permanent and intense spread of messages that provoke feelings of loss associated with smoking, which is important to encourage access to smoking quitlines. The study analyzed the call rate for telephone counseling after introducing a new strategy for reactive recruitment focused on the theme "smoking causes shortness of breath", adapted to the subway setting in Rio de Janeiro, as compared to the rates for two existing reactive strategies. Regardless of age bracket, there was a higher response to the new proposed strategy. Despite the major awareness-raising in Brazil concerning the ills of tobacco, new communications formats approaching personally relevant themes can increase the number and range of smokers recruited for telephone counseling to support cessation.

The present state of chid abuse in Korea and its system for child protection / 소아과

An act of children's welfare was made in 1961 for the first time in Korea but it had been nothing but the name in view of practical impact to prevention of child abuse. Real undertakings of Child Abuse Prevention were commenced overtly since 2000 in Korea, when the law for children's welfare was revised to put protective settings for the victims and to establish criterion for children's safety. The history of Child Abuse Prevention is very short in Korea but the reporting cases increased very fast from 4,133 cases in 2001 up to 9,570 cases in 2008 with the enthusiastic activities from people of the associated organizations along with the national supports. But the portion reported by the mandated reporters such as teachers or doctors is still low compared to those of the developed countries. The National Child Protection Agency (NCPA) was founded in 2001 by the Ministry of Health and Welfare to prevent child abuse and to aid recovery of abused and neglected children including their families, through the cooperation of related organizations. NCPA refers reported cases of child abuse to appropriate local centers, operates a computer database system for case management, publicizes national reports of child abuse on a yearly basis and technically supports the Local Child Protection Agency (LCPA) by developing scales for assessment of child abuse and neglect and distributing programs for the education of mandatory reporters. LCPAs operate 24-hour telephone hotline, investigate and visit homes and provide in home services networking with local resources, and operate multidisciplinary teams for screening child abuse victims and supervising case management through multimodal systems. We summarized the present state of child abuse in Korea and reviewed the operating systems for child protection in this country. Through this article, we hope that medical peoples are to be informed on the seriousness of child abuse and to be able to devote themselves for the prevention of child abuse.

The present state of chid abuse in Korea and its system for child protection / 소아과

An act of children's welfare was made in 1961 for the first time in Korea but it had been nothing but the name in view of practical impact to prevention of child abuse. Real undertakings of Child Abuse Prevention were commenced overtly since 2000 in Korea, when the law for children's welfare was revised to put protective settings for the victims and to establish criterion for children's safety. The history of Child Abuse Prevention is very short in Korea but the reporting cases increased very fast from 4,133 cases in 2001 up to 9,570 cases in 2008 with the enthusiastic activities from people of the associated organizations along with the national supports. But the portion reported by the mandated reporters such as teachers or doctors is still low compared to those of the developed countries. The National Child Protection Agency (NCPA) was founded in 2001 by the Ministry of Health and Welfare to prevent child abuse and to aid recovery of abused and neglected children including their families, through the cooperation of related organizations. NCPA refers reported cases of child abuse to appropriate local centers, operates a computer database system for case management, publicizes national reports of child abuse on a yearly basis and technically supports the Local Child Protection Agency (LCPA) by developing scales for assessment of child abuse and neglect and distributing programs for the education of mandatory reporters. LCPAs operate 24-hour telephone hotline, investigate and visit homes and provide in home services networking with local resources, and operate multidisciplinary teams for screening child abuse victims and supervising case management through multimodal systems. We summarized the present state of child abuse in Korea and reviewed the operating systems for child protection in this country. Through this article, we hope that medical peoples are to be informed on the seriousness of child abuse and to be able to devote themselves for the prevention of child abuse.

LíneAyuda: servicio cubano de consejería telefónica en ITS/VIH/SIDA —características de los usuarios, 1998-2000 / HelpLine: A Cuban STD/HIV/AIDS counselling service _characteristics of users, 1998-2000

Introducción: la epidemia producida por el VIH constituye un problema de salud para toda la humanidad. En Cuba, se destaca LíneAyuda en la lucha por la prevención, un servicio de consejería telefónica del Centro Nacional de Prevención de ITS/VIH/SIDA. Objetivo: llegar a los grupos poblacionales afectados por la epidemia de VIH/SIDA, entre los que se encuentran los hombres que tienen sexo con otros hombres en edades entre 16 y 35 años. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de caracterización de los clientes del servicio durante el período 1998-2000. Resultados: Se recibieron en el servicio 25 896 llamadas, con una media mensual de 925. Los clientes fundamentales fueron personas heterosexuales, de los 2 sexos, que manifestaban preocupación por la epidemia y conductas de riesgo como no usar condón, tener una ITS y relaciones sexuales con persona con ITS, con edades entre 16 y 35 años y nivel escolar medio superior y universitario. Llaman por lo general una sola vez y sobre todo desde Ciudad de La Habana. Los hombres trataron más los temas sobre riesgo de prácticas sexuales, lesiones genitales, disfunción sexual, VIH/SIDA y condón; mientras que las mujeres abordaron más lo relacionado con la pareja, la familia, la maternidad y paternidad y otras ITS. Conclusiones: el trabajo muestra que el servicio llega a los grupos que se propone y es necesario redefinir estrategias para atraer más a los hombres que tienen sexo con otros hombres y realizar acciones diferenciadas por sexo.

Background: HIV epidemic constitutes a problem for the humanity. In Cuba, HelpLine, a counseling service offered by the National Center of STD/HIV/AIDS Prevention, is involved in this struggle. Objective: to reach the population groups affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic such as the men that have sex with other men (MSM) aged 16 to 35 years Methods: A study to characterize the service users in the period 1998 - 2000. Results: In this period, 25 896 phone calls were received, with a monthly average of 925 calls. The results demonstrated that main service users were heterosexual people of both sexes, who spoke about their concern for the epidemic and risk behaviors like non-use of condom, having any STD and having sexual relations with a person affected by a STD. They had middle and university educational level and their ages ranged from 16 to 35 years. They generally called once and fundamentally from Havana City. The men mainly addressed sexual practice risks, genital lesions, sexual dysfunctions, HIV/AIDS and condom use, whereas women dealt with other issues related to the couple, the family, motherhood and fatherhood and other STDs. Conclusions: The study showed that this service is able to reach target groups, but it is necessary to redefine strategies to attract more the MSM and to implement differentiated actions according to the sex.

Clinical case studies in mental health by means of the on-line discussion / Estudios de casos clínicos en salud mental mediante discusión en-linea / Estudos de casos clínicos em saúde mental por meio de discussão on-line

This descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative design aimed to describe and analyze discussions in online chats about mental disorders in a psychiatric nursing course as part of an undergraduate nursing program. The sample consisted of 32 undergraduate students who attended the course. Data analysis showed that the discussions through online chat sessions permeated the acquisition of knowledge, procedures, attitudes and values and promoted students' active participation. The results reaffirm the discussions' importance for students' learning and showed the potential of technology resources, such as real-time communication tools, to support and improve teaching possibilities in psychiatric nursing.

Estudio descriptivo y exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo con el objetivo de describir y analizar discusiones en-línea sobre casos clínicos, como parte de la disciplina de Enfermería Psiquiátrica. La muestra formada por 32 alumnos que cursaban la asignatura. El análisis de los datos mostró que las discusiones a través de las conversaciones en-linea favorecieron el aprendizaje, procedimientos, actitudes y valores; promoviendo la participación activa de los estudiantes. Los resultados fundamentan la riqueza en la discusión, para el aprendizaje del estudiante, así como evidencian la potencialidad para el uso de herramientas tecnológicas, como las de comunicación en tiempo real, para apoyar e incrementar las posibilidades educativas en enfermería psiquiátrica.

Estudo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, cujo objetivo foi descrever e analisar discussões de casos clínicos on-line na disciplina de Enfermagem Psiquiátrica do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem. A amostra constituiu-se de 32 acadêmicos de enfermagem que cursavam a disciplina. A análise dos dados evidenciou que as discussões, através do bate-papo, permearam a aprendizagem de conhecimentos, procedimentos, atitudes e valores e promoveram a participação ativa dos estudantes. Os resultados reforçam a riqueza da discussão para a aprendizagem do estudante e evidenciam a potencialidade do uso de recursos tecnológicos, como as ferramentas de comunicação em tempo real, para apoiar e incrementar as possibilidades educativas em enfermagem psiquiátrica.

Effectiveness of Proactive Quitline Service and Predictors of Successful Smoking Cessation: Findings from a Preliminary Study of Quitline Service for Smoking Cessation in Korea

This study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the first proactive Quitline service for smoking cessation in Korea and determine the predictors of successful smoking cessation. Smoking participants were voluntarily recruited from 18 community health centers. The participants were proactively counseled for smoking cessation via 7 sessions conducted for 30 days from November 1, 2005 to January 31, 2006. Of the 649 smoking participants, 522 completed 30 days at the end of the study and were included in the final analysis. The continuous abstinence rate at 30 days of follow-up was found to be 38.3% (200/522), in the intention-to-treat analysis. Compared with non-quitters, quitters were mostly male, smoked or =20 yr, and were less dependent on nicotine. Based on the stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis, the significant predictors of successful smoking cessation were determined to be male sex, low cigarette consumption, and older age at smoking initiation. We investigated the short-term effectiveness of the Quitline service and determined the predictors of successful smoking cessation.