Tannase application in secondary enzymatic processing of inferior Tieguanyin oolong tea

Background: Inferior Tieguanyin oolong tea leaves were treated with tannase. The content and bioactivity of catechins in extracts from the treated tea leaves were investigated to assess the improvement in the quality of inferior Tieguanyin oolong tea. Results: Analysis showed that after treatment, the esterified catechin content decreased by 23.5%, whereas non-galloylated catechin and gallic acid contents increased by 15.3% and 182%, respectively. The extracts from tannase-treated tea leaves showed reduced ability to bind to BSA and decreased tea cream levels. The extracts also exhibited increased antioxidant ability to scavenge OH and DPPH radicals, increased ferric reducing power, and decreased inhibitory effects on pancreatic α-amylase and lipase activities. Conclusions: These results suggested that tannase treatment could improve the quality of inferior Tieguanyin oolong tea leaves.

Hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects of Centella asiatica (L.) extract in vitro and in vivo.

In vitro study revealed that pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of C. asiatica extract was significantly higher than rutin but lower than orlistat, an anti-obesity drug. α-Amylase inhibitory activities of C. asiatica extract and rutin were significantly lower than acarbose, an anti-diabetic drug. Inhibition of α-glucosidase activity by C. asiatica extract, rutin, and acarbose was not different. The in vivo study substantiated the in vitro results. C. asiatica extract (1000 and 2000 mg/4 mL/kg), rutin (1000 mg/4 mL/kg), and orlistat (45 mg/4 mL/kg) significantly decreased plasma glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in lipid emulsion-induced hyperlipidemic rats at 3 h. However, plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels did not show significant change. The present work further supports that the C. asiatica extract and its bioactive rutin may help managing hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects.

Anti-Iipase and antioxidant properties of 30 medicinal plants used in Oaxaca, México

We report the results of in vitro anti-lipase and antioxidant assays using crude ethanolic extracts from 30 plants grown in Oaxaca, México. Anti-lipase tests were performed by using porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) [EC 3.1.1.3] from Affymetrix/USB. The extracts of Solanum erianthum, Salvia microphylla, Brungmansia suaveolens and Cuphea aequipetala showed up to 60% PPL inhibition. The effect of these extracts on the kinetic parameters of PPL (Km= 0.36 mM, and Vmax=0.085 mM min -1) revealed that the alcoholic preparations of S. erianthum and C. aequipetala engendered a non-competitive inhibition (Vmax=0.055 mM min -1; Vmax= 0.053 mM min -1), whereas those of S. microphylla and B. suaveolens produced a mixed inhibition (Km= 0.567 mM, Vmax=0.051 mM min _1; Km=0.643 mM, Vmax= 0.042 mM min ¹). In addition to these findings, seven extracts from different plants were able to inhibit PPL in the range of 30-50%. Antioxidant tests against 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) confirmed that Arctostaphylos pungens, Gnaphalium roseum, Crotalaria pumila, Cuphea aequipetala, Rhus chondroloma, and Satureja laevigata possess relevant antioxidant activity (IC(5)0=50-80 μg mL¹). The general composition of the most effective ethanolic extracts was obtained in order to confirm their known chemistry reported by previous works. Comprehensive chemical analysis of the ethanolic extracts and their poisoning effects suggests that S. microphylla, C. aequipetala and A. pungens could be considered as the best sources with both desired properties.

Orlistat as an adjunct therapy in type 2 obese diabetic patients treated with sulphonylurea: a Bangladesh experience.

Co-existence of obesity and type 2 DM exacerbates metabolic and other remediable health consequences further. Various pharmacological therapies have been adopted when changing of lifestyle fail to achieve target glycaemic control. Our objective is to find out whether Orlistat can reduce both weight and need for oral hypoglycaemic agent (OHA) and improves glycaemic status,lipid disorders, blood pressure in Bangladesh type 2 DM with obesity. In this center, open-label, randomized, controlled pilot trial 36 type 2 patients with obesity were enrolled. All patients aged 40-65 years had BMI >25 kg/m2 taking sulfonylureas and hypocalorie diet. Twenty one randomly cases were treated with orlistat 120 mg three times daily for 6 months and 15 without orlistat as control. Body weight, waist circumferances, fasting blood sugar, HbAlc,serum lipids, blood pressure and dose of drugs were monitored at 0,12, 24 weeks. After 6 months, orlistat group showed non-significant weight loss than control group (3.95% vs 1.42% from base lines), but showed significant reduction of waist circumference (6 % vs 0.63 %, p<0.01 vs p>0.05 from base line). Orlistat group had significant improvement in glycaemic status (HbA1c changes: 22.37% vs 13.38%, p<0.001 vs p>0.05 and FBS changes: 21.76% vs 22.95%, p<0.01vs p<0.05). Lipid profile had reduced significantly from base lines (Chol: 19.31% vs 9.12%,p<0.001vs >0.05; LDL Chol: 24.99% vs 19.09%, p<0.001 vs p<0.01; Triglyceride: 34.48% vs 12.61%, p<0.001 vs p>0.05). Diastolic pressure had improved significantly in orlistat group (6.73% vs 3.70%, p<0.01 vs >0.05). Reduction of OHA doses were found in both groups. Thus orlistat can be used as an adjuvant therapy with other OHA in managing glycaemic control, lipid profiles and blood pressure.

A Case of Acute Cholestatic Hepatitis Associated with Orlistat / 대한간학회지

Orlistat(Xenical(R), Roche) is considered a safe and effective drug to treat obesity by reduced absorption of 30% digested fat. To date, no serious adverse effects affecting the liver have been published except a case of subacute hepatic failure leading to liver transplantation in a young women with moderate obesity treated with orlistat. We report a case of acute cholestatic hepatitis in a young woman with moderate obesity treated with orlistat: a 33-year-old female admitted for the evaluation of jaundice. Abdominal ultrasonography, ERCP, routine chemistry, viral markers, and a fine needle biopsy of liver were performed. Microscopic findings of the liver biopsy specimen were compatible with acute cholestatic hepatitis. After steroid therapy, liver function was improved.