Expression and purification of the non-tagged LipL32 of pathogenic Leptospira

Leptospirosis is a reemerging infectious disease and the most disseminated zoonosis worldwide. A leptospiral surface protein, LipL32, only occurs in pathogenic Leptospira, and is the most abundant protein on the bacterial surface, being described as an important factor in host immunogenic response and also in bacterial infection. We describe here an alternative and simple purification protocol for non-tagged recombinant LipL32. The recombinant LipL32(21-272) was expressed in Escherichia coli without His-tag or any other tag used to facilitate recombinant protein purification. The recombinant protein was expressed in the soluble form, and the purification was based on ion exchange (anionic and cationic) and hydrophobic interactions. The final purification yielded 3 mg soluble LipL32(21-272) per liter of the induced culture. Antiserum produced against the recombinant protein was effective to detect native LipL32 from cell extracts of several Leptospira serovars. The purified recombinant LipL32(21-272) produced by this protocol can be used for structural, biochemical and functional studies and avoids the risk of possible interactions and interferences of the tags commonly used as well as the time consuming and almost always inefficient methods to cleave these tags when a tag-free LipL32 is needed. Non-tagged LipL32 may represent an alternative antigen for biochemical studies, for serodiagnosis and for the development of a vaccine against leptospirosis.

Identificación de antígenos inmunorreactivos de Leptospira interrogans / Identification of immunoreactive antigens of Leptospira interrogans

Se estudió un lote de 28 sueros de llama (Lama gama) de la provincia de Jujuy, Argentina, a fin de identificar antígenos inmunorreactivos contra Leptospira interrogans. Se utilizaron distintas preparaciones antigénicas de la bacteria para estudiar la inmunorreactividad mediante microaglutinación (MAT), ELISA y Western inmunoblot. Un pool de sueros bovinos positivos a la MAT fue empleado como control. Todos los sueros de llama fueron negativos mediante MAT e igual resultado se observó mediante ELISA. Dos de los 28 sueros de llama y el pool de sueros bovinos positivos, al ser evaluados por Western inmunoblot, arrojaron resultados positivos y permitieron identificar proteínas inmunorreactivas. Por MALDI-TOF se logró establecer que la proteína asociada a los dos sueros de llama inmunorreactivos era una flagelina periplásmica de Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai STR, mientras que la asociada al pool de sueros bovinos positivos a Leptospira sp. se trataba de una lipoproteína de la membrana externa de Leptospira interrogans serovar Ballum, LipL21. Estas proteínas podrían ser utilizadas en el diseño de un nuevo ELISA aplicado al diagnóstico temprano de leptospirosis, ya sea en distintos tipos de ganado como así también en reservorios silvestres.

A batch of 28 llama (Lama gama) sera from Jujuy province in Argentina was studied in order to identify immune reactive antigens to Leptospira interrogans. Different antigenic preparations from the bacterium were used to study the immune reactivity by the microagglutinattion (MAT), ELISA and Western immunoblot tests. A control pool of positive bovine sera was used. All the llama sera were negative to MAT as well as to ELISA. Two of the llama sera and the positive bovine sera pool rendered positive results when evaluated by Western immunoblot, allowing the identification of immune reactive proteins. These proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF. A periplasmic flagellin of Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai STR called FlaB1 was identified from the reactive llama sera, and an external membrane lipoprotein of Leptospira interrogans serovar Ballum called LipL21 was identified from the pool of bovine positive sera. These proteins could be used in a new ELISA applied to the early diagnosis of leptospirosis in different kind of cattle or wild reservoirs.

Purification, partial characterization and role in lipid transport to developing oocytes of a novel lipophorin from the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus

Lipid transport in arthropods is achieved by highly specialized lipoproteins, which resemble those described in vertebrate blood. Here we describe purification and characterization of the lipid-apolipoprotein complex, lipophorin (Lp), from adults and larvae of the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus. We also describe the Lp-mediated lipid transfer to developing oocytes. Lps were isolated from homogenates of C. maculatus larvae and adults by potassio bromide gradient and characterized with respect to physicochemical properties and lipid content. The weevil Lp (465 kDa) and larval Lp (585 kDa), with hydrated densities of 1.22 and 1.14 g/mL, contained 34 and 56 percent lipids and 9 and 7 percent carbohydrates, respectively. In both Lps, mannose was the predominant monosaccharide detected by paper chromatography. SDS-PAGE revealed two apolipoproteins in each Lp with molecular masses of 225 kDa (apolipoprotein-I) and 79 kDa (apolipoprotein-II). The lipids were extracted and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. The major phospholipids found were phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in adult Lp, and phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin in larval Lp. Hydrocarbons, fatty acids and triacylglycerol were the major neutral lipids found in both Lps. Lps labeled in the protein moiety with radioactive iodine (125I-iodine) or in the lipid moiety with fluorescent lipids revealed direct evidence of endocytic uptake of Lps in live oocytes of C. maculatus.

Possíveis conexões entre hipertensäo e hipercolesterolemia, em relaçäo a aterosclerose: vias de inativaçäo do óxido nítrico e oxidação das lipoproteínas / Possible connections between hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in relation to atherosclerosis inactivation pathways of nitric oxide and lipoprotein

A disfunção endotelial tem um importante papel na patogênese de doenças cardiovasculares. Tem sido sugerido que o colesterol plasmático, particularmente o que está associado à LDL, é um dos principais fatores de risco para a aterosclerose. Contudo, a oxidação da LDL é um evento crucial na patogênese da aterosclerose. Além disso, a redução da biodisponibilidade do óxido nítrico (`ANTPOT. PONTO NOï) tem sido relacionada à disfunção endotelial presente na aterosclerose. A redução da bioatividade do `ANTPOT. PONTO NOï na hipercolesterolemia, na hipertensão e em outras desordens metabólicas associadas com a aterogênese parece ser multifatorial. Contudo, as alterações da produç/biodisponibilidade do `ANTPOT. PONTO NOï na hipercolesterolemia e na hipertensão é ainda controverso...