Prevalence and extent of Alveolar dehiscence and fenestration in Class I hyperdivergent subjects with different buccolingual inclinations of maxillary molar teeth: a CBCT study

Buccolingual position of teeth could affect the prevalence of alveolar bone defects. Presence of alveolar defects may have a deleterious effect on orthodontic treatment. The aim was to assess the prevalence and extent of dehiscence and fenestration in Class I hyperdivergent subjects and correlate it with buccolingual inclinations(BL) of maxillary first molar teeth. Methods: This retrospective study involved 80 CBCTs of class I hyperdivergent subjects divided into two groups - group A (n=33) buccolingual inclination >9º and group B (n=47) buccolingual inclination <9º. Prevalence and extent of alveolar bone dehiscence and fenestrations were measured in CBCTs using OSIRIX Lite software. Descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U test and Spearman correlation were done for evaluating intergroup differences and correlation with Buccolingual inclination. Results: Overall prevalence of dehiscence and fenestration in maxillary first molars was 60.95% and 5% respectively. In the buccal alveolar bone, prevalence of dehiscence was highest in group A (84.6%) for 16 and in the lingual alveolar bone prevalence of dehiscence was highest in group B (71.4%) for 26 . On intergroup comparison, the extent of lingual alveolar bone dehiscence (26) in group B was significantly higher (p value <0.05) than in group A. No significant correlation between the extent of dehiscence and fenestration with buccolingual inclination of molar teeth was noted. Conclusion: Molar teeth with BL inclinations of more than 9º had higher prevalence of dehiscence on the buccal side and molar teeth with BL inclinations less than 9 degrees had more dehiscence on the lingual side. But no significant correlation of BL inclination with prevalence and extent of dehiscence and fenestration was noted

Global distribution of malocclusion traits: A systematic review

Abstract Objective: Considering that the available studies on prevalence of malocclusions are local or national-based, this study aimed to pool data to determine the distribution of malocclusion traits worldwide in mixed and permanent dentitions. Methods: An electronic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar search engines, to retrieve data on malocclusion prevalence for both mixed and permanent dentitions, up to December 2016. Results: Out of 2,977 retrieved studies, 53 were included. In permanent dentition, the global distributions of Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion were 74.7% [31 - 97%], 19.56% [2 - 63%] and 5.93% [1 - 20%], respectively. In mixed dentition, the distributions of these malocclusions were 73% [40 - 96%], 23% [2 - 58%] and 4% [0.7 - 13%]. Regarding vertical malocclusions, the observed deep overbite and open bite were 21.98% and 4.93%, respectively. Posterior crossbite affected 9.39% of the sample. Africans showed the highest prevalence of Class I and open bite in permanent dentition (89% and 8%, respectively), and in mixed dentition (93% and 10%, respectively), while Caucasians showed the highest prevalence of Class II in permanent dentition (23%) and mixed dentition (26%). Class III malocclusion in mixed dentition was highly prevalent among Mongoloids. Conclusion: Worldwide, in mixed and permanent dentitions, Angle Class I malocclusion is more prevalent than Class II, specifically among Africans; the least prevalent was Class III, although higher among Mongoloids in mixed dentition. In vertical dimension, open bite was highest among Mongoloids in mixed dentition. Posterior crossbite was more prevalent in permanent dentition in Europe.

Resumo Objetivo: considerando-se que os estudos disponíveis sobre a prevalência das más oclusões são de base local ou nacional, esse estudo teve como objetivo reunir dados para determinar a distribuição dos tipos de má oclusão em uma escala global, nas dentições permanente e mista. Métodos: foi realizada uma busca eletrônica através das ferramentas de pesquisa do PubMed, Embase e Google Acadêmico, para reunir estudos publicados até dezembro de 2016 sobre a prevalência das más oclusões, tanto na dentição permanente quanto na dentição mista. Resultados: dos 2.977 estudos encontrados, 53 foram analisados. Na dentição permanente, a distribuição mundial das más oclusões de Classe I, II e III foi, respectivamente, de 74,7% [31 - 97%], 19,56% [2 - 63%] e 5,93% [1 - 20%]. Na dentição mista, a distribuição dessas más oclusões foi de 73% [40 - 96%], 23% [2 - 58%] e 4% [0,7 - 13%]. Em relação às más oclusões verticais, observou-se prevalência de 21,98% de sobremordida profunda e 4,93% de mordida aberta. A mordida cruzada posterior afetou 9,39% da amostra. Os africanos mostraram a maior prevalência de Classe I e mordida aberta na dentição permanente (89% e 8%, respectivamente) e na dentição mista (93% e 10% respectivamente), enquanto os caucasianos apresentaram a maior prevalência de Classe II na dentição permanente (23%) e na dentição mista (26%). A má oclusão de Classe III na dentição mista foi mais prevalente entre xantodermas. Conclusão: mundialmente, nas dentições mista e permanente, as más oclusões de Classe I de Angle são mais prevalentes do que as de Classe II, especificamente entre os africanos; a menos prevalente foi a Classe III, ainda que mais prevalente entre os xantodermas na dentição mista. Na dimensão vertical, as mordidas abertas foram mais prevalentes entre xantodermas na dentição mista. A mordida cruzada posterior apresentou maior prevalência na dentição permanente na Europa.

Impacto del perfil facial en la apreciación de la personalidad / Impact of facial profile on personality assessment

Objetivo: determinar el impacto de los perfiles faciales y analizar si contribuyen a calificar a una persona de agradable, positiva, negativa, simpática, exitosa, alegre o amargada. Materiales y métodos: se modificó la fotografía de una paciente a fin de obtener cinco tipos de perfiles faciales, los cuales fueron evaluados mediante la escala de Likert por estudiantes de odontología, Los resultados fueron volcados en tablas con el programa Excel (Microsoft) y analizados mediante la prueba de ANOVA. Resultados: losperfiles de clase III fueron asociados a personas amargadas, menos exitosas, poco simpáticas y negativas. Los perfiles de clase II, a personas agradables, simpáticas, alegres y positivas. Los perfiles de clase I, a personas exitosas. Conclusiones: el perfil facial influye en la percepción de las personas. El perfil de clase III es asociado a valores socialmente negativos.

Cervical vertebral anomalies in skeletal malocclusions: A cross-sectional study on orthodontic patients at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Pakistan.

Introduction: Morphological deviations of the cervical vertebral column have been described in relation to craniofacial aberrations and syndromes. Furthermore, it has recently been shown that abnormal morphology of upper cervical vertebrae is associated with malformation of the jaws and occlusion. Accordingly, it is relevant to focus on similar associations in patients with skeletal malocclusions. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to: • Identify the anomalies of the cervical column in patients with skeletal malocclusions • Determine the association between cervical vertebral anomalies and skeletal malocclusions. Materials and Methods: This cross‑sectional study was conducted on a total of 90 subjects at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Pakistan. The inclusion criteria were: (1) Pakistani origin; (2) standardized pretreatment profile radiograph with first six cervical vertebrae visible; and (3) accessibility of the second‑profile radiograph (mid‑ or posttreatment). The exclusion criteria were: (1) A prior history of orthodontic treatment; (2) any craniofacial anomaly; and (3) systemic muscle or joint disorder. Lateral cephalograms of all subjects (n = 90) were traced by the principal investigator and sagittal jaw relationship was assessed. A total of 30 subjects each with skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions were selected and the cervical vertebral anomalies were observed on their cephalometric radiographs. The frequencies of cervical vertebral anomalies according to skeletal malocclusion categories and gender were analyzed with the Chi‑square test, whereas association of cervical vertebral anomalies with skeletal malocclusions was assessed with logistic regression analysis. The level of significance (P ≤ 0.05) was used for the statistical tests. Results: Most common anomaly observed in the three groups was fusion between C2 and C3 (P = 0.006). This anomaly was found in 20% of subjects with skeletal Class I, 50% of subjects with skeletal Class II and 53.3% with skeletal Class III malocclusions. The highest frequencies of partial cleft at the level of C1 and occipitalization were observed in subjects with skeletal Class II and III malocclusions, respectively. However, none of the subjects showed fusion between C1 and C2 or dehiscence. No statistically significant gender difference was found in the occurrence of morphological deviations of the cervical column. The association of cervical vertebral anomaly was found to be the highest with skeletal Class III and lowest with skeletal Class I malocclusions. Conclusion: Fusion between C2 and C3 seems to be the most commonly occurring anomaly. This anomaly seems to be more often associated with skeletal Class III than skeletal Class I or Class II malocclusions.

Occurrence of skeletal malocclusions in Brazilian patients with dentofacial deformities

In this study, a survey was conducted on the occurrence of skeletal malocclusions presented by patients of the Center for Research and Treatment of Buccofacial Deformities (CEDEFACE) in the city of Araraquara, SP, Brazil. The clinical charts of 381 patients with dentoskeletal deformities, who underwent combined orthodontic-surgical treatment in the period between 2000 and 2006, were reviewed. After sample selection (convenience method), based on the data of the pre- and post-surgical documentation, the number of patients was reduced to 171. For classification of the survey, the anteroposterior discrepancy (Class I, II and III), race, age, gender, absence or presence of asymmetry, vertical maxillary excess and maxillary biprotrusion were considered, in addition to determining in which bony base the surgical procedure was performed. Patients' documentations were analyzed by one examiner previously calibrated by repetition of the process until the method was considered adequate (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.94). Patients' mean age was 23.59 (SD 6.93) years, the majority (102 patients) were women, and Caucasians (160 patients). Class III malocclusion was the most prevalent (81 patients). Asymmetry, vertical maxillary excess and biprotrusion were present in 54, 33, and 7 patients, respectively. The majority of surgeries for correction of dentoskeletal deformities were combined, involving the maxilla and mandible. In conclusion, Class III was the most prevalent skeletal deformity and Class I was the least prevalent; in general, the prevalence of skeletal deformities was higher in women; in the majority of patients with skeletal malocclusions there was a combination of maxillary and mandibular problems, which interferes directly in the decision regarding the most adequate treatment plan, and a higher incidence of asymmetry was observed in skeletal Class III; vertical excess occurred in a similar manner in Class II and III and there was a low incidence of biprotrusion among the malocclusions evaluated.

Este estudo avaliou a ocorrência de más oclusões esqueléticas apresentadas pelos pacientes do Centro de Pesquisa e Tratamento das Deformidades Bucofaciais (CEDEFACE), na cidade de Araraquara, SP, Brasil. Foram avaliados prontuários de 381 pacientes com deformidades dentoesqueléticas, que fizeram tratamento combinado ortodôntico-cirúrgico no período entre 2000 e 2006. Após a seleção da amostra (método de conveniência), baseado nos dados da documentação pré e pós-cirúrgica, o número de pacientes foi reduzido para 171. Para classificação do levantamento, considerou-se a discrepância ântero-posterior (Classe I, II e III), raça, idade, gênero, ausência ou presença de assimetria, excesso vertical maxilar e biprotrusão maxilar, além de determinar em qual base óssea o procedimento cirúrgico foi realizado. As documentações dos pacientes foram analisadas por um examinador previamente calibrado pelo processo de repetição até que o método fosse considerado adequado (correlação intraclasse >0,94). A idade média dos pacientes foi de 23,59 anos (DP 6,93), a maioria do gênero feminino (102 pacientes) e leucoderma (160 pacientes). A má oclusão mais prevalente foi a Classe III (81 pacientes). A assimetria, o excesso maxilar vertical e biprotrusão maxilar estavam presentes em 54, 33, e 7 pacientes, respectivamente. Na maioria dos casos, as cirurgias para correção de deformidades dentoesqueléticas foram combinadas, envolvendo os dois maxilares. Com base nos resultados, conclui-se que a Classe III foi a deformidade esquelética mais prevalente e a Classe I a menos prevalente. Em geral, a prevalência de deformidades esqueléticas foi maior entre as mulheres e a maioria dos pacientes apresentou uma combinação de problemas maxilares e mandibulares, o que interfere diretamente na decisão sobre o plano de tratamento mais adequado. Houve uma maior incidência de assimetria na Classe III esquelética; o excesso vertical ocorreu de forma semelhante na Classe II e III e a biprotrusão teve baixa incidência entre as más oclusões avaliadas.

Frequency of class-III malocclusion reported in dental OPD, Karachi medical dental college

To determine the frequency of Class-III malocclusion reported Orthodontic department in Karachi Medical Dental College, Pakistan. It was a cross sectional study of orthodontic patients. With convenience sampling a total of 384 patients [267 girls, 117 boys] referred to the Department of Orthodontics, Karachi Medical Dental College, were evaluated in this study. The mean age of the patients was 11.86 +/- 3.16 years. There malocclusion were classified from I, II [Div-1 and Div-2 with sub division right and left], and III, and recorded according to angle classifications. Class-III malocclusion was the least common malocclusion present in the major category of malocclusion and found 8.1% of the samples. Class-III malocclusion requires very early treatment then class-II and Class I malocclusion and has totally reverse treatment philosophy. Having the lower frequency of Class-III malocclusion in the population makes doctor to focus more in later age group and puts less burden on health resources as more patients of Class-II and I can be treated using the same resources. The type of malocclusion, also an important factor that affects a patient's motivation to seek treatment

Prevalence of malocclusions in school-age children attending the orthodontics department of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

To provide quantitative data about the prevalence of malocclusions in the Shiraz orthodontic population, we studied the records of 700 patients [391 girls and 309 boys] aged 6-14 years attending the undergraduate Department of Orthodontics at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The prevalence of Angle class I, II and III malocclusion of first molars was 52.0%, 32.6% and 12.3% respectively. Skeletal class I, II and III malocclusion was found in 18.0%, 70.0% and 12.0% respectively. There were no significant differences between the sexes in the prevalence of different types of skeletal malocclusion. Children with class III were significantly younger [mean age 8.9 years] than those with class I [9.6 years] or class II [9.7 years] malocclusions. Orthodontics students need more education and training in the management of class II malocclusion to improve the overall quality of care for patients

Association between symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and gender, morphological occlusion, and psychological factors in a group of university students.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to find out the prevalence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in a sample of university students and its relationship to gender, occlusion, and psychological factors. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised 196 subjects, aged 18-25 years. The TMD degree was evaluated using an anamnestic questionnaire. Morphologic occlusion was evaluated according to Angle classification (classes I, II, and III). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), a 14-item self-administered rating scale developed specifically to identify anxiety and depression in nonpsychiatric medical outpatients, was used to assess the levels of anxiety (HADSa) and depression (HADSd). Statistical Analysis: The incidence of TMD level, malocclusion, anxiety, and depression in both genders was calculated as percentages. Association between TMD degree and occlusion, HADSa, and HADSd was tested using the Chi-square test. Results: According to our results, 50% of the subjects had TMD, but it was of moderate or severe degree in only 9.18% of them. No statistically significant association could be found between TMD and gender or occlusion. TMD was found to have statistically significant association with HADSa but not with HADSd. Conclusion : A high prevalence of TMD was found in this student population; however, most of the cases could be classified as mild. Of the variables studied, only HADSa had a statistically significant association with TMD.

[ dentoskeletal effect of mandibular tongue guard in Cl II/I malocclusion]

The prevalence of Cl II malocclusion with tongue thrust and open bite is high. The pressure of the tongue during swallowing and its physiological activity could be transferred to the maxillary complex by the tongue crib and might advance the maxilla to an unfavorable position. This study aimed to evaluate the dentoskeletal change in the Cl II division 1 patients with anterior tongue thrust and mandibular deficiency treated by mandibular tongue guard, from a private office and orthodontic department of Azad University in Tehran. The sample consisted of 23 patients, [14 females aged 8 years and 9 months and 9 males aged 10 years and 6 months], with Cl II div 1 malocclusion in late mixed dentition with anterior tongue thrust. The patients were treated by mandibular tongue guard. Lateral Cephalograms were obtained and traced before and after treatment and certain angular and linear variables were measured. The pretreatment and post treatment measurements were compared using Paired t test to evaluate the significance of the results. The findings indicated that SNB, facial angle, the distance between B and Pogonion to the reference line and Interincisal angle were significantly increased [P<0.05]. The changes were mainly caused by mandibular growth, were observed after treatment by mandibular tongue guard. Decrease of IMPA, 1-SN, ANB, Wits were significant [P<0.05]. The changes of Jarabak index, SN-MP, SNA, Y-axis were not significant. In Cl II div 1 patients with mandibular deficiency combined with tongue thrust, mandibular tongue guard caused slight increase in mandibular growth

Prevalencia de maloclusiones dentales en un grupo de adolescentes mexicanos y su relación con la edad y el género / Prevalence of dental malocclusions in a group of Mexican adolescents and its relationship with age and gender

Objetivos. Evaluar la frecuencia y distribución del tipo de oclusión dental en adolescentes mexicanos y medir su posible dependencia con la edad y el género. Material y métodos: Estudio epidemiológico descriptivo, transversal y prolectivo en el cual se examinaron a 675 adolescentes, previa calibración de examinadores (Cr=88 por ciento, Ca=90 por ciento, K=0,89). Para evaluar el tipo de oclusión se tomaron en cuenta los criterios establecidos por Angle y por Dewey-Anderson. Resultados. La tasa de prevalencia por maloclusiones fue de 94:100 /adolescentes resultando la Clase I de Angle la más frecuente(72,8 por ciento), resultando cinco y siete veces mayor que las Clases II y III, con una estimación al nivel poblacional entre 69 por ciento y 76 por ciento (IC95 por ciento=69,54-76,24). La maloclusión Clase I, tipo 1, fue la más frecuente, considerando la clasificación de Dewey-Anderson(58.3 por ciento). La prevalencia por edad resultó no ser estadísticamente significativa (X20,95 g.l. 12=20,314, p=0,610), lo que no sucedió al llevar a cabo este mismo análisis por género (X20,95, g.l.4=17,851 p=0.001). Conclusiones. La alta prevalencia de maloclusiones Clase I de Angle y el tipo 1 de acuerdo a Dewey-Anderson probablemente se desarrollaron por el inadecuado crecimiento de los maxilares y por la deficiente función masticatoria. No se encontraron diferencias significativas por edad, lo que no sucedió por género, mostrándose un riesgo mayor para el femenino. Debido a que la mayoría de los casos de maloclusión observados fueron Clase I, caracterizados en su mayoría por desplazamientos dentarios, su pronóstico es favorable, ya que pueden ser corregidas a partir de terapéuticas ortodónticas de baja complejidad y de menor costo.

Objective. Frequency and distribution of type of dental occlusion was assessed in Mexican adolescents and their possible dependence with age and gender.Material and methods. This study was carried out on 675 Mexican adolescents (aged 12-15 years) to assess both qualitatively and quantitatively certain dental occlusal features by Angle and Dewey-Anderson criteria, previous calibration of examiners (Cr=88%, Ca=90%, K=0,89). Results. The population was found to have a high prevalence of Class I malocclusions compared with Class II and III (CI95%=69,5 to 76,2). Malocclusion Dewey-Anderson Class I, type 1 was the most frequent (58.3%). No statistically significant differences were observed for age (X20,95 g.l. 12 =20,314, p=0,610), however a statistically significant difference can be observed by gender (X20,95, g.l.4=17,851 p=0.001).Conclusions. The high prevalence of dental malocclusion Class I type 1 were probably developed by the inadequate growth of the maxillary ones and for the faulty masticator function. It was statistically significant differences for gender being shown a bigger risk for women. The most cases observed were Class I malocclusion, characterized in their majority by dental displacements and they can be corrected by low complexity orthodontic therapeutic and a smaller cost.

Occlusal features in a group Iraqi school childern in Baghdad City

The purpose of this study was to find the prevalence of occlusal features among a group of primary school children in Iraq and to study the distribution of these features according to subjects profile, age and gender. The study involved 173 children [64 boys and 109 girls], distributed in different primary schools in Baghdad city. Children examined were with an age range of 8-12 years, with a mean age 10.74 years. The following occlusal features were studied: the molar's Angle's classification, incisal overjet, incisal overbite, posterior cross bite, lip form, tongue size, spacing and crowding. The distribution of incisal overjet, incisal overbite, lip form and tongue size, are significantly affected by subject's profile, while the distribution of crowding and spacing were significantly affected by age and gender

Características de la oclusión en niños con dentición primaria en la ciudad de México / Occlusion characteristics in children with primary dentition from Mexico city

El fenómeno más dinámico que se observa en la boca es el de la oclusión dental. Las características de la oclusión durante la dentición primaria se consideran precursoras de las de la oclusión en la dentición permanente; de ahí la importancia de su comprensión y entendimiento. Objetivo: el propósito de este trabajo fue conocer las características de la oclusión dental durante la dentición primaria en un grupo de niños mexicanos de un nivel socio-económico medio bajo. Muestra: se revisaron 42 niños y 58 niñas, entre 3 y 5 años de edad, con dentición temporal completa. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, prolectivo, transversal y descriptivo. Las características de la oclusión se observaron en modelos de estudio y los datos se analizaron estadísticamente por medio del programa SPSS y la prueba de Chi cuadrado con un nivel de confianza del 95 por ciento. Resultados: la forma de arco más frecuente fue la ovoide en 71 por ciento de los niñosy 74 por ciento en las niñas en el maxilar, en la mandíbula 81 por ciento para las niñas y 64 por ciento para los niños. Los espacio primates invertidos se observaron e 7 por ciento de los niños y 22 por ciento de las niñas. La sobremordida vertical aumentada se presentó en 57 por ciento de los niños y 55 por ciento de las niñas, la sobremordida horizontal ideal con 52 por ciento para los niños y 59 por ciento para las niñas. La relación canina Clase I representó el 88 por ciento en niños y 85 por ciento en niñas. El plano terminal mesial en 79 por ciento de los niños y 81 por ciento de las niñas, el plano terminal recto se observó en 12 por ciento de los niños y 16 por ciento en las niñas. Conclusiones: las características consideradas como ideales pueden tener variaciones debido a las características raciales de los individuaos sin que esto represente una alteración en la oclusión o desarrollo de la misma

Frecuencia de maloclusiones y su asociación con hábitos perniciosos en una población de niños mexicanos de 6 a 12 años de edad / Frequency of malocclusions and its association with pernicious habits in a 6- to 12- year-old Mexican children population

Se examinaron 135 niños mexicanos con dentición mixta en edades de 6 a 12 años, con el fin de evaluar la frecuencia de maloclusión y su posible asociación con hábitos orales perniciosos, manifestándose una predisposición hacia la clase I relación molar para el sexo femino con un 71 por cento con respecto a otro tipo de maloclusión, se encontró desviación de la línea media 10 por ciento y apiñamiento 10 por ciento. Asimismo, para hábitos bucales perniciosos encontramos onicofagia con un 41 por ciento para la clase I, afectando a niños de 11 años con preferencia por el sexo femenino con p = 0.021, respiración bucal 20 por ciento y empuje lingual 14 por ciento

Prevalência das más oclusöes em pacientes inscritos para tratamento ortodôntico na Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru-USP / Prevalence of malocclusions in patients enrolled for orthodontic treatment in Bauru Dental School-USP

Os estudos epidemiológicos säo importantes ferramentas para o conhecimento das necessidades de tratamento e para a avaliaçäo das medidas instituídas. No intuito de estudar a prevalência das principais más oclusöes e irregularidades dentolaveolares, na populaçäo que costuma procurar tratamento ortodôntico na Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru - USP, examinaram-se os modelos de estudo de 520 pacientes no final da dentadura mista e início da dentadura permanente. A estatística descritiva em porcentagens e a construçäo de gráficos ilustraram a presença do apinhamento primário nos arcos superior (67 por cento) e inferior (71 por cento), bem como a participaçäo das alteraçöes nos sentidos ântero-posterior (Classe II div.1, 50 por cento; Cl. I, 44 por cento para o gênero masculino e 40 por cento para o feminino; Cl. II div.2, 4 por cento masculino e 8 por cento feminino; e Cl. III, 2 por cento), transversal (mordida cruzada anterior 18 por cento e posterior 27 por cento) e vertical (mordida aberta anterior 9 por cento). Ademais, verificou-se a distribuiçäo entre os gêneros, comparando-a aos relatos anteriores da literatura

Morbilidad bucodental en músicos de bandas de porro del departamento de Córdoba / Orodental morbidity in band musicians from the Cordoba Department

Se hicieron exámenes a 79 músicos de bandas de porro de los 176 participantes en el XXIV Festival Nacional del Porro: 47 ejecutaban instrumentos musicales de viento con boquilla en forma de copa, 16 con boquilla en forma de lengueta y 16 percusionistas. El estudio describe el estado de salud bucodental de una población rural y musicalmente empírica, que abusa de la ejecución del instumento y desconoce las lesiones en la cavidad bucal que causa el uso indiscriminado de los instrumentos, lesiones éstas, diferentes según el tipo de boquilla. La recolección de la información se realizó a través de un examen clínico que incluyó registro de medidas oclusales, índice para caries (COP/D), indice periodontal (ESI), exploración de tejidos blandos e indagación acerca de los hábitos musicales y de higiene oral de los músicos. El análisis fue realizado en EPI INFO 6.04b, 1997. Se encontró un COP/D de 10,2; en las personas mayores de 35 años, el COP/D de la raíz fue 1,8; la prevalencia de caries fue de 88,1 por ciento. El aspecto blanquecino y deformante de los labios de los músicos que ejecutan instrumentos de viento con boquilla en forma de copa con una prevalencia del 82,6 por ciento. Esta lesión nunca ha sido reportada

Prevalência de má oclusäo em pré-escolares de Bauru-SP-Brasil / Prevalence of malocclusion in preschoolchildren in Bauru-SP-Brazil

Tendo por objetivo avaliar a prevalência de má oclusäo em pré-escolares, este estudo trasversal foi delineado. O inquérito epidemiológico foi realizado no período de outubro de 1994 a dezembro de 1995. Uma amostra de 2139 crianças de 3 a 5 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, obtida através do sorteio de 30 por cento das instituiçöes - públicas ou privadas - do município de Bauru-SP-Brasil foi examinada. A avaliaçäo das características anátomo-funcionais da oclusäo foi realizada segundo a classificaçäo de ANGLE. Foram também avaliadas condiçöes como "overjet", "overbite", apinhamento dental, mordida aberta anterior, mordida cruzada posterior e mordida cruzada anterior. Foi realizada análise bivariada das condiçöes citadas, bem como de algumas variáveis de exposiçäo. A prevalência de má oclusäo foi de 51,3 por cento para o sexo masculino e 56,9 por cento para o feminino, sem diferenças estatisticamente significantes. Maiores taxas de má oclusäo foram observadas no grupo etário de 3 anos, decrescendo significantemente com a idade (p<0,05)

Oral habits in children--a prevalence study.

This epidemiological study was conducted upon 4,590 school children to find the prevalence of oral habits in Mangalore in relation to their age and sex and to find the correlation, if any, between the habits and the malocclusion status. We noted that 29.7% of the population had habits of which 3. 1% had digit sucking, 4.6% mouth breathing, 3.02% tongue thrusting, 6.2% bruxism, 6% lip/cheek biting, 12.7% nail biting, 9.8% pencil biting and 0. 09% masochistic habits respectively. Digit sucking, pencil biting and tongue thrust were highly prevalent among Group 1 (3-6 years) children. Mouth breathing and bruxism were significant in Group 2 (7-12 years) cases whereas lip/cheek biting and nail biting were more common in Group 3 (13-16 years) cases. Digit sucking, tongue thrust, mouth breathing and bruxism were more prevalent among the boys whereas lip/cheek biting, nail biting and pencil biting were more prevalent among the girls. 28.95% of the children in Group 2 and 3 with habits had malocclusion. There was a significant correlation between class I type 2, class II div 1 and tongue thrust and mouth breathing whereas children with digit sucking showed a high correlation with class I type 2 malocclusion.

Traumatic injuries to the anterior teeth among South Kanara school children--a prevalence study.

The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence and distribution of the traumatic injuries to anterior teeth among 4500 school children in the age group of 3 to 16 years from South Kanara District of Karnataka. Information concerning sex, age, cause of trauma, number of injured teeth, type of the teeth, lip competence, terminal plane relationship and the molar relationship were recorded. A total of 238 cases (5.29%) had incisor and canine fractures, which was more prevalent among the boys (72.27%) than the girls (27.73%). The leading cause of injury was undefined falls and the maxillary central incisors were commonly affected in both the primary and the permanent dentition. Enamel fracture was the most common form of injury noted. Class 1 Type 2 and Class 2 division 1 molar relationship cases exhibited significantly very high number of fractured teeth. Only 1.68% of the cases with traumatized teeth had undergone treatment.