O conhecimento a respeito da Manobra de Heimlich por mães da rede social Facebook / The Knowledge about the Hemlich Manuver by mothers on the Facebook social network / El conocimiento de la Maniobra de Heimlich por parte de las madres en la red social Facebook

Objetivo: analisar o conhecimento a respeito da Manobra de Heimlich por mães da rede social Facebook, tendo como problema de pesquisa o seguinte questionamento: "Durante o pré-natal na rede pública a mãe recebeu orientações sobre a manobra de Heimlich? Que conhecimento as mães tem sobre a manobra de Heimlich." Método: Foi utilizada a abordagem qualitativa e método descritivo para este estudo, seguindo os pressupostos de Ludke e André (1986). Resultados: Foram entrevistadas 7 mulheres com idade entre 23 e 40 anos que responderam os questionamentos a respeito da Manobra de Heimlich no pré-natal e falaram sobre seus conhecimentos prévios a respeito do tema. Conclusão: As entrevistas realizadas revelam que as mulheres possuem conhecimento superficial a respeito da Manobra de Heimlich, no entanto esse conhecimento não foi obtido em seu pré-natal, mas sim por conta própria ou por necessidade.

Objective: to analyze the knowledge about the Heimlich Maneuver by mothers of the social network Facebook, having as research problem the following question: "During prenatal care in the public network the mother received guidance on the Heimlich maneuver? What knowledge do mothers have about the Heimlich maneuver." Method: The qualitative approach and descriptive method for this study were used, following the assumptions of Ludke and André (2008). Results: We interviewed 7 women aged between 23 and 40 years old who answered the questions about the Heimlich Maneuver in prenatal care and talked about their previous knowledge about the subject. Conclusion: The interviews revealed that women have superficial knowledge about the Heimlich Maneuver, however this knowledge was not obtained in their prenatal care, but rather on their own or by necessity.

Objetivo: analizar el conocimiento sobre la Maniobra de Heimlich por parte de las madres de la red social Facebook, teniendo como problema de investigación la siguiente pregunta: "¿Durante la atención prenatal en la red pública la madre recibió orientación sobre la maniobra de Heimlich? ¿Qué conocimiento tienen las madres sobre la maniobra de Heimlich?" Método: Se utilizó el enfoque cualitativo y el método descriptivo para este estudio, siguiendo los supuestos de Ludke y André (2008). Resultados: Entrevistamos a 7 mujeres de entre 23 y 40 años que respondieron a las preguntas sobre la Maniobra de Heimlich en la atención prenatal y hablaron sobre sus conocimientos previos sobre el tema. Conclusión: Las entrevistas revelaron que las mujeres tienen conocimientos superficiales sobre la Maniobra de Heimlich, sin embargo este conocimiento no se obtuvo en su atención prenatal, sino por su cuenta o por necesidad.

Alimentação e Comunicação: Vídeo para Orientação de Cuidadores de Idosos / Food and Communication: Video for Guiding Elderly Caregivers

Objetivo: Analisar o conhecimento dos cuidadores formais com relação aos aspectos da alimentação e da comunicação com a pessoa idosa e elaborar um vídeo com orientações para o cuida-dor formal. Metodologia: Pesquisa realizada em instituições de longa permanência para idosos no Município de João Pessoa, Paraíba. Tornaram-se participantes 34 cuidadores de idosos. O instrumento utilizado para coleta de dados foi um questionário construído a partir das explanações da literatura sobre disfagia, linguagem e cognição. Na análise dos dados foi utilizada a es-tatística descritiva por meio da frequência absoluta, percentual e do teste de proporções. Foi elaborado o script do vídeo e as cenas avaliadas por 6 juízes. Todos concordaram com as cenas de forma unânime, sendo então o vídeo considerado confiável. Os juízes realizaram sugestões nas cenas e as mesmas foram analisadas por meio da estatística descritiva. Em seguida, foi realizada a edição do vídeo. Resultados:Os cuidadores não têm conhecimento das dificuldades de fala, audição, cognição do idoso e das estratégias que facilitam essas funções. Tam-bém, não mostram conhecer as dificuldades de alimentação dos idosos, embora realizem estratégias facilitadoras. Como produto final foi elaborado um vídeo de orientação ao profissio-nal cuidador. Conclusão: Ressalta-se a importância do vídeo para orientações com relação a alimentação e a comunicação, propiciando melhora na qualidade de vida da pessoa idosa institucionalizada. (AU)

Objective: To analyze the knowledge of formal caregivers regarding aspects of eating and communication of the elderly and to elaborate a video with guidelines for the formal caregiver. Methodology: Methodological research conducted in long-term care facilities for the elderly in the city of João Pessoa, Paraiba. 34 elderly caregivers became participants. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire built from the literature explanations on dysphagia, language and cognition. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics through the absolute frequency, percentage and the proportions test. The script of the video was elaborated and the scenes evaluated by 6 judges. Everyone agreed with the scenes unanimously, so the video was considered reliable. The judges made sugges-tions in the scenes and they were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Then, the video was edited. Results: Caregivers are unaware of the difficulties in speech, hearing, and cognition of the elderly and the strategies that facilitate these functions. They also do not show knowledge of the feeding difficulties of the elderly although they perform facilitating strategies. As a final product, a guidance video was prepared for the professional caregiver. Conclusion: We emphasize the importance of the video for guidance regarding food and communication, providing improvement in the quality of life of the institutionalized elderly, (AU)

Cuerpo extraño en la vía aérea en pediatría / Foreign-body aspiration in children

It is a frequent pediatric event and a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children, requiring accurate diagnosis and proper treatment. Diagnosis is usually based on clinical manifestations such as cough, dyspnea. stridor, respiratory distress and asymmetric decreased air entry or unilateral wheeze. Choking crisis may be absent or minimized. Chest X-ray may have no abnormalities or show signs such as asymmetrical hyperinflation, massive, fixed or changing atelectasis. Occasionally, hyperinflation or obstructive emphysema with atelectasis can be present in the same hemithorax. Inspiratory and expiratory chest X-rays show ipsilateral mediastinum movements. Most foreign bodies are not visible to chest X-ray exploration. Acute suffocation must be treated with Heimlich procedure. In later stages, diagnosis and treatment require rigid bronchoscopy. Prognosis is fairly positive with an early and complete foreign-body extraction.

La aspiración de un cuerpo extraño (CE) a la vía aérea en pediatría es un accidente frecuente, presenta importante morbimortalidad, por lo que requiere un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno. El diagnóstico usualmente se establece mediante hallazgos clínicos, siendo los más frecuentes tos, síndrome de penetración, y con menor frecuencia dificultad respiratoria, estridor, sibilancias unilaterales. La radiografía de tórax puede ser normal o alterada, mostrando hiperinsuflación unilateral, atelectasia u otros signos. La mayoría de los CE son radiotransparentes. Durante la fase aguda debe practicarse la maniobra de Heimlich, en cambio en la fase crónica el diagnóstico y tratamiento definitivo se hace mediante broncoscopía. La prevención es fundamental evitando que niños menores manipulen objetos pequeños, advertir el riesgo de asfixia por aspiración en los envases de alimentos riesgosos y de juguetes de pequeño tamaño. El pronóstico es bueno si la extracción del cuerpo extraño es precoz y completa.

The Effect of CPR and Abdominal Thrust Education on Teachers in Child Care Centers

PURPOSE: Education of adult laypersons in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been done frequently and done worldwide. Effective performance of bystander CPR has a decisive effect on outcomes for children as well as for adults. Although the chance of coming into contact with cardiac arrest and acute airway obstruction in a child is relatively high, there are only a few studies of the performance of CPR and abdominal thrust (Heimlich maneuver) done by teachers in child care centers. Therefore, we investigated the effects of CPR and abdominal thrust (Heimlich maneuver) education on teachers in child care centers, especially on their confidence and attitude while performing CPR and Heimlich maneuvers. METHODS: Between August 2009 and October 2009, 245 participants who worked in child care centers received 2 hours of education regarding CPR & emergency procedures for airway obstruction (Heimlich maneuver, abdominal thrust). Participants were asked questions (using a questionnaire) about their confidence and willingness to perform bystander CPR & the Heimlich maneuver. These questions were asked both before their education session and afterwards. Those who answered that they wouldn't perform bystander CPR & Heimlich maneuvers were asked to state the reason. In addition, participants were asked if they were aware of the law exempts from liability bystanders who are not health care providers and who provide CPR or Heimlich as an emergency procedure. RESULTS: The 'definitely yes' answer to 'willingness to perform CPR and abdominal thrust on a child increased from 33.1%, 41.2% before the education session to, respectively, 82.9%, 86.9% afterward (p<0.001). If we included 'yes' and 'relatively yes' answers, the accuracy of performance of acute airway obstruction (abdominal thrust, Heimlich maneuver) increased from 36% before education to 86.9% after. Meanwhile, the reasons for not performing bystander CPR and abdominal thrust, the ratio of 'fear of disease transmission' and 'fear of legal liability' was high in comparison to the ratio of 'fear of poor knowledge/performance'. Only 20.8% answered 'yes' to 'awareness that the law provided exemptions from liability for bystanders doing such emergency procedures. CONCLUSION: Adequate, constant education, including theoretical and practical child CPR and emergency maneuvers for acute airway obstruction of non-health care providers increased their confidence, accuracy and willingness to perform bystander CPR and abdominal thrust maneuvers.