Response paper: morphometric article by Mejía et al. 2015 alluding genera Herichthys and Nosferatu displays serious inconsistencies

In the present response paper, the article entitled "Morphometric variation of the Herichthys bartoni (Bean, 1892) species group (Teleostei: Cichlidae): How many species comprise H. labridens (Pellegrin, 1903)?" by Mejía et al . 2015 is critically reviewed. The current review pinpoints some of the more conspicuous conceptual inconsistencies and fundamental errors found in the study by Mejía et al . (2015), It is contended that the authors fail to provide any new insights into the complex biogeography and evolutionary history of the Nosferatu and Herichthys genus groups, and that while results of their Cox1 molecular analysis are comparable to those by De la Maza-Benignos et al . (2015), the conclusions of the two studies are not comparable. In addition, it is contested that, whereas the designation of genus Nosferatu by De la Maza-Benignos et al . (2015) was found on the principles of the biological and phylogenetic species concepts, the rejection of the genus by Mejía et al . (2015) is solely based "on the presence of (overlapping) morphometric characters" between genera. The assumption by Mejía et al . (2015),that because their geometric morphometrics analysis failed to provide separation of species, then Nosferatu genus does not correspond to a valid taxon; and their suggesting geometric morphometrics "as useful tool to discriminate species, because it allows to propose diagnostic characters" were not supported by their results. While Mejía et al . present some interesting thoughts on the systematics of Nosferatu , they unfortunately fail to provide any data that can be objectively assessed as relevant to motivate any changes in the current taxonomy.

El presente documento de respuesta analiza críticamente el artículo titulado "Morphometric variation of the Herichthys bartoni (Bean, 1892) species group (Teleostei: Cichlidae): How many species comprise H. labridens (Pellegrin, 1903)?" por Mejía et al. (2015), así como también evidencia algunas de las contradicciones conceptuales y errores fundamentales encontrados en dicho documento. Se arguye que el artículo no proporciona ningún aspecto nuevo acerca de la compleja biogeografía, ni de la historia evolutiva de los géneros Nosferatu y Herichthys , y que mientras que los resultados del análisis molecular utilizando el gen Cox1 son similares a los de la Maza-Benignos et al. (2015), las conclusiones de ambos estudios no son compatibles. Se contiende además que mientras que la designación del género Nosferatu por De la Maza-Benignos et al. (2015) se fundamentó en principios asociados a los conceptos biológico y filogenético de especie, el rechazo del género por Mejía et al. ,(2015) únicamente se basa "en la existencia de caracteres morfométricos (superpuestos)" entre géneros. La inferencia por parte de Mejía et al . de que debido a que el análisis de morfometría geométrica no logró separar a las especies, y que por lo tanto el género Nosferatu no corresponde a un taxón válido; así como la observación de que la morfometría geométrica corresponde a "una herramienta útil para diferenciar especies, porque permite proponer caracteres de diagnóstico" no están sustentadas por los resultados de su análisis, y mientras que Mejía et al. ,presentan algunas ideas interesantes sobre la sistemática de Nosferatu , lamentablemente no proporcionan ningún dato relevante que pueda ser evaluado objetivamente como para motivar cambios en la taxonomía actual.

[Ancient health manuscripts in Persian language]

To review literature for ancient medical text in Persian language. 350 medical books and texts in Persian language were identified and reviewed. Of these, 40 manuscripts were about general health and safety affairs. These further examined to explore the topic. In general there were two categories of manuscripts: 1.Manuscripts that authors' name or the date of its publication were known. Topics included individual health, brushing, umblical cord cutting, breast feeding, etc. 2. Manuscripts that authors' name or the date of its publication were unknown. Topics included eating and drinking, food water, sence and move, weather, etc. The Old Iranian literature is a very rich source for topics in health and medicine and it deserves further examin

Processo de revisão pelos pares: por que são rejeitados os manuscritos submetidos a um periódico científico? / ¿Evaluación de pares: por qué el rechazo de los manuscritos sometidos a un períodico científico? / Peer review process: when the manuscripts are undergo a scientific journal, because they are rejected?

Quando os pesquisadores enviam os resultados de suas investigações para publicação, têm sua produção intelectual avaliada pelos membros da comunidade científica. O processo, denominado sistema de arbitragem, de avaliação de originais, de avaliação pelos pares, referee system ou peer review, consiste no uso de árbitros para assessorar a avaliação dos manuscritos submetidos para publicação. Quando submetido a um processo de análise, as possibilidades de publicação do manuscrito são três: aprovado; aceito, sujeito a correções ou rejeitado, e pode apresentar um caráter pedagógico ou punitivo. Este estudo analisa 191 pareceres referentes a manuscritos enviados a um periódico no período, de 1997 até 2007, com a finalidade de conhecer os motivos que levaram os avaliadores à sua rejeição para publicação.

When the researchers sent the results of their research for publication, has his intellectual production assessed by members of the scientific community. This process, called peer review, consist in the use of referees to assist in the evaluation of manuscripts submitted for publication. When the manuscript is submitted to a review process, the chances of publication are three: approved, accepted subject to correction, or rejected. This process can provide a teaching or a punitive character. This study examines 191 opinions for manuscripts submitted to a journal from 1997 until 2007 with the purpose of knowing the reasons which led the evaluators to its rejection for publication.

Cuando los investigadores envian los resultados de su investigación para publicación, es evaluado su producción intelectual por los miembros de la comunidad científica. El proceso, llamado el sistema de arbitraje, evaluación de los originales, revisión inter pares, referee system ou peer review, es el uso de los árbitros para ayudar en la evaluación de los manuscritos presentados para su publicación. Cuando se sometan a un proceso de análisis, la respuesta puede ser tres: aprobado, aceptado o rechazado objeto de correcciones y puede hacer un tipo de enseñanza o de carácter punitivo. Este estudio examina las opiniones de 191 manuscritos presentados a una revista desde 1997 hasta 2007 con la finalidad de conocer las razones que han conducido a los evaluadores su rechazo para su publicación.

Requerimientos uniformes para manuscritos enviados a revistas biomédicas: redacción y edición para la publicación biomédica / Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals: writing and editing for biomedical publication (Updated October 2007)

El presente documento es una traducción al español de los Requerimientos uniformes para manuscritos enviados a revistas biomédicas del Comité internacional para editores de revistas médicas (ICMJE por sus siglas en inglés). El presente autor y la Revista CES Medicina prepararon la traducción con el apoyo del comité editorial de la revista. La ICMJE no ha apoyado o aprobado oficialmente el contenido de esta traducción. LA ICMJE revisa periódicamente los requerimientos oficiales, de modo que esta traducción puede no representar la versión oficial vigente en www.icmje.org. La versión oficial de los Requerimientos uniformes para manuscritos enviados a revistas biomédicas se encuentra en www.icmje.org.

A brief on Ayurvedic manuscripts preserved at Utkal University, Bhubaneswar.

Amongst different institutions, "Parija Library" of Utkal University, Bhubaneswar has about 101 palm-leaf manuscripts (mss.) on Ayurveda to its credit. Most of these mss. have not been reported earlier. Herewith a brief description of these mss. has been made with the intention of bringing it out for the Ayurvedic fraternity and to enrich the literary stock of Ayurveda.

A brief descriptive catalogue of Ayurvedic palm leaves manuscripts procured and preserved in the Indian Institute of Medicine.

It seems the survey for medical manuscripts has not been done thoroughly so far in India particularly in Andhra Pradesh. Though few Researchers toured many important places and collected a number of manuscripts, but still there are many villages and several families of physicians and scholars possessing many manuscripts, are not covered. One of the aims and objects of the Indian Institute of History of Medicine is to procure and study the rare and uncared medical manuscripts. There are many difficulties in this task as many of the families in possession of the manuscripts are generally not prepared to hand over the ancestry property i.e., manuscripts to any individual or institution due to their sentiments, though they are not able to preserve or make use of same properly. However, efforts were made by the Institute in this direction, visiting several families of hereditary physicians residing in different part of Andhra Pradesh, and procured 12 such valuable palm leaves manuscripts pertaining to Ayurveda and preserved in the Institute. A brief descriptive catalogue of these manuscripts is presented here.

Some salient features of 'Kitabul-Hashaish' with special reference to the manuscript preserved in Khuda Baksh O.P. Library, Patna.

The contributions of Dioscorides in the field of materia medica and pharmacology are unparalleled in the history of medicine. This great botanist of the 1st century A.D. made personal observations of the specific properties of drugs and presented them through illustrations for the first time. Almost all the physician authors of Unani system of medicine from Galen to Azam Khan have quoted Dioscorides. Kitabul-Hashaish was rendered into English and arabic and published repeatedly in the West. The book has great value and is quoted widely due to its authenticity. This unique work needs to be edited critically and afterwards translated into Urdu and other languages for the benefit of the present day students and scholars.