Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of Antifungal and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oil of Fruits from Juniperus oxycedrus L. Obtained from Morocco

Abstract The present study was aimed at conducting phytochemical analysis and evaluating the in vitro antifungal and antioxidant activities of the essential oil obtained from the fruits of J. oxycedrus L. Hydro-distillation was used to extract the essential oil from the fruits of Juniper oxycedrus. The essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antioxidant activity of the essential oil against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals was determined in vitro using varying concentrations of the essential oil and vitamin C as a standard antioxidant compound. A disc diffusion test was employed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the essential oil against two test fungal strains, Penicillium citrinum, and Aspergillus niger. The results revealed that 49 constituents were identified in fruit oil, representing 91.56% of the total oil and the yield was 1.58%. Juniper fruit oil was characterized by having high contents of ß-pinene (42.04%), followed by limonene (15.45%), sabinene (9.52%), α-pinene (5.21%), (E)-caryophyllene (3.77%), ρ-cymene (1.56%), caryophyllene oxide (2.02%), and myrcene (1.02%). The radical scavenging activity (% inhibition) of the essential oil was highest (81.87± 2.83%) at a concentration of 200 µg/mL. The essential oil of J. oxycedrus exhibited antifungal activity against A. niger and P. citrinum with minimum inhibitory concentration values (MIC) ranging from 2.89 to 85.01 µl/mL. The findings of the study reveal that the antioxidant and antifungal properties of J. oxycedrus essential oil and their chemical composition are significantly correlated

Antioxidant activity of Haloxylon scoparium alkaloid extracts from Figuig region (southeastern of Morocco)

Abstract The aim of this paper is to study the chemical composition of alkaloids present in Haloxylon scoparium Pomel extracts and to evaluate their antioxidant capacity. The alkaloids were isolated from two parts of Haloxylon scoparium plant by two extraction protocols. and The quantitative study made it possible to propose the best protocol for the extraction of the alkaloids. Moreover, GC-MS analysis of alkaloid extracts allowed us to determine their chemical composition. Haloxylon scoparium contains four types of alkaloids: tetraisoquinolines, phenylethylamines, tryptolines and tryptamines. The main compounds are the tetraisoquinolines type, the predominant product of which was N-methylsalsoline. These compounds present a great interest for the researchers due to their various pharmacological and biological activities. The antioxidant effect of the different plant extracts was studied by two methods: the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl free radical (DPPH·) scavenging tests. The results show that extracts of root part are more active than those from aerial part; the acetone/water extract is the most powerful. The interesting results obtained in this study will be supplemented by other analyses and biological tests in order to better valorize this plant.

Satisfacción de las necesidades básicas en la población inmigrante femenina Marroquí en Arteixo / Satisfação das necessidades básicas na populaçao imigrante feminina marroquina em Arteixo / Fulfillment of basic needs of the moroccan female immigrant population in Arteixo

Aunque hace unos años la población inmigrante marroquí era en su mayor parte masculina, cada día aumenta el número de mujeres, colectivo del que se ocupa este trabajo. Conocer cómo afecta la emigración en la satisfacción de las necesidades básicas de Virginia Henderson, qué transformaciones y adaptaciones se tienen que realizar para satisfacerlas y qué reinterpretaciones y estrategias se ponen en marcha para minimizar el impacto del choque cultural. Durante un año 2004-2005 hemos realizado una investigación cualitativa mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a 20 mujeres musulmanas inmigrantes en un municipio de Galicia (España). En la persona musulmana, toda su vida está regulada por la religión, por lo que las necesidades afectadas están estrechamente relacionadas con la necesidad de actuar según valores y creencias. Por ello, la valoración de dicha necesidad aporta datos fundamentales para orientar las actividades dirigidas a mantener y recuperar la salud.

Embora a população imigrante marroquina seja eminentemente masculina, atualmente é cada dia maior o número de mulheres. E é neste coletivo que se concentra este estudo, cujos objetivos são: saber como a emigração afeta a satisfação das Necessidades Básicas de Virginia Henderson, que transformações e adaptações tem que se realizar para satisfazê-las, e que reinterpretações e estratégias são postas em prática para minimizar o impacto do choque cultural. Para isso se fez uma investigação qualitativa mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas durante o período de 2004 - 2005, que nos mostra que, na pessoa muçulmana, toda a sua vida está dirigida pela religião, pelo que as necessidades afetadas estão estritamente relacionadas com a necessidade de atuar segundo os valores e crenças. Por isso, a valorização de tal necessidade aponta dados fundamentais para orientar as atividades dirigidas a manter e recuperar a saúde.

Although some years ago the Moroccan immigrant population was mostly male, the number of women is increasing every day. This research is focused on this group, and has the following objectives: to know how emigration affects the fulfillment of Virginia Henderson's basic needs; what transformations and adaptations must be adopted in order to fulfill them; and what reinterpretations and strategies are implemented in order to minimize the impact of culture shock. A qualitative study was performed from 2004-2005 by means of semi-structured interviews to 20 Muslim immigrant women in a municipality of Galicia (Spain), and showed that for Muslim people, everything is regulated by religion, so the necessities affected are strongly related with the need of acting according to one's values and beliefs. Therefore, valuing the referred need provides fundamental data in order to direct the activities towards keeping and recovering health.