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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 41(8): 700-708, Aug. 2008. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-491926

RESUMO

The immune consequences of in utero HIV exposure to uninfected children whose mothers were submitted to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) during gestation are not well defined. We evaluated 45 HIV-exposed uninfected (ENI) neonates and 45 healthy unexposed control (CT) neonates. All HIV-infected mothers received HAART during pregnancy, and the viral load at delivery was <50 copies/mL for 56.8 percent. Twenty-three ENI neonates were further evaluated after 12 months and compared to 23 unexposed healthy age-matched infants. Immunophenotyping was performed by flow cytometry in cord and peripheral blood. Cord blood lymphocyte numbers did not differ between groups. However, ENI neonates had a lower percentage of naive T cells than CT neonates (CD4+, 76.6 vs 83.1 percent, P < 0.001; CD8+, 70.9 vs 79.6 percent, P = 0.003) and higher percentages of central memory T cells than CT neonates (CD4+, 13.9 vs 8.7 percent, P < 0.001; CD8+, 8.6 vs 4.8 percent, P = 0.001). CD38 mean fluorescence intensity of T cells was higher in ENI neonates (CD4+, 62.2 vs 52.1, P = 0.007; CD8+, 47.7 vs 35.3, P < 0.001). At 12 months, ENI infants still had higher mean fluorescence intensity of CD38 on T cells (CD4+, 34.2 vs 23.3, P < 0.001; CD8+, 26.8 vs 19.4, P = 0.035). Despite effective maternal virologic control at delivery, HIV-exposed uninfected children were born with lower levels of naive T cells. Immune activation was present at birth and remained until at least 12 months of age, suggesting that in utero exposure to HIV causes subtle immune abnormalities.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Gravidez , Adulto Jovem , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , HIV-1 , Memória Imunológica/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Sangue Fetal , Citometria de Fluxo , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Imunofenotipagem , Memória Imunológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/imunologia , Carga Viral , Adulto Jovem
2.
Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2008; 24 (4): 571-574
em Inglês | IMEMR | ID: emr-89579

RESUMO

Hepatitis B virus infection and associated diseases are a major public health problem. This study was planned to find out the persistence of antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen in Iranian vaccinated children after five years. Anti-HBs titers in a group of healthy good - responder children who were vaccinated with Cuban hepatitis B vaccine in infancy were measured after five years. Children with antibody titers <100mlU/mI were revaccinated and retested after four weeks. Mean anti-HBs titers in 68 children [29 females, 39 males] were 482.1mIU/mL at six months after the third dose of primary vaccination and 153mIU/mL at five years later. Total mean anti-HBs titers in 36 [52.9%] children out of 68 [17 females, 19 males] were 38.3mIU/ml and 4 [5.8%] of 68 children [two of each sexes] had no detectable antibody after five years. Total mean anti-HBs titers in these hypo- responder and non- responder were 774.3mIU/mL and 625.5mIU/mL respectively after booster dose. In a group of children, who were immunized with Cuban hepatitis B vaccine from birth, anti-HBS titers fell at 6.5 years of age and almost half of children became hypo responder or no responder and their anti-HBs titers developed secondary rise after booster vaccination. All children showed immunologic memory to a booster dose


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/efeitos dos fármacos , Vírus da Hepatite B/efeitos dos fármacos , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunização Secundária , Memória Imunológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunização
3.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol ; 2006 Dec; 24(4): 229-38
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-36780

RESUMO

An oral cholera vaccine made up of heat-treated recombinant cholera toxin (rCT), V. cholerae lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and recombinant toxin-co-regulated pili subunit A (rTcpA), entrapped in liposomes in the presence of unmethylated bacterial CpG-DNA (ODN#1826) was used to orally immunize a group of eight week old rats. A booster dose was given 14 days later. Control rats received placebo (vaccine diluent). The kinetics of the immune response were investigated by enumerating the antigen specific-antibody secreting cells (ASC) in the blood circulation and intestinal lamina propria using the ELISPOT assay and a histo-immunofluorescence assay (IFA), respectively. ASC of all antigenic specificities were detected in the blood of the vaccinated rats as early as two days after the booster dose. The numbers of LPS-ASC and TcpA-ASC in the blood were at their peak at day 3 post booster while the number of CT-ASC was highest at day 4 after the booster immunization. At day 13 post immunization, no ASC were detected in the blood. A several fold increase in the number of ASC of all antigenic specificities in the lamina propria above the background numbers of the control animals were found in all vaccinated rats at days 6 and 13 post booster (earlier and later time points were not studied). Vibriocidal antibody and specific antibodies to CT, LPS and TcpA were detected in 57.1% and 52.4%, 14.3%, and 19.0% of the orally vaccinated rats, respectively. The data indicated that rats orally primed with the vaccine could produce a rapid anamnestic response after re-exposure to the V. cholerae antigens. Thus, a single dose of the vaccine is expected to elicit a similar anamnestic immune response in people from cholera endemic areas who have been naturally primed to V. cholerae antigens, while two doses at a 14 day interval should be adequate for a traveler to a disease endemicarea.


Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Administração Oral , Animais , Células Produtoras de Anticorpos/citologia , Antígenos de Bactérias , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Vacinas contra Cólera/imunologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Relação Dose-Resposta Imunológica , Imunização Secundária , Memória Imunológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/citologia , Lipossomos , Masculino , Oligodesoxirribonucleotídeos/imunologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Vacinação , Vacinas Sintéticas/imunologia
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