Necessidades de aprendizagem de familiares de crianças e adolescentes em tratamento com quimioterápicos antineoplásicos orais / Necesidades de aprendizaje de los familiares de niños y adolescentes en tratamiento con quimioterapia antineoplástica oral / Learning needs of relatives of children and teenagers under oral antineoplastic chemotherapy treatment

RESUMO Objetivo descrever as necessidades de aprendizagem de familiares de crianças e adolescentes com câncer quanto ao tratamento com quimioterápicos antineoplásicos orais. Método pesquisa qualitativa descritiva desenvolvida em um hospital federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de julho a setembro de 2020 a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com vinte e três familiares de crianças e adolescentes com câncer em quimioterapia antineoplásica oral. Os dados foram processados no software Interface de R pour Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires pela Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. Resultados dentre os temas que demandam aprendizagem pelos familiares estão administração oral, armazenamento e manipulação dos quimioterápicos orais, além dos efeitos adversos e emergências que demandam atendimento hospitalar. Conclusão e implicações para a prática no tratamento com quimioterápicos orais, as necessidades de aprendizagem dos familiares de crianças e adolescentes precisam ser problematizadas em práticas educativas dialógicas para, assim, favorecer a segurança, a adesão e a eficácia do tratamento.

RESUMEN Objetivo describir las necesidades de aprendizaje de familiares de niños y adolescentes con cáncer en cuanto al tratamiento con quimioterápicos antineoplásicos orales. Método investigación cualitativa descriptiva desarrollada en un hospital federal de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Los datos fueron recogidos en los meses de julio a septiembre de 2020 a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas con veintitrés familiares de niños y adolescentes con cáncer en quimioterapia antineoplásica oral. Los datos fueron procesados en el software Interface de R pour Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires por la Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente. Resultados entre los temas que demandan aprendizaje por los familiares están administración oral, almacenamiento y manipulación de los quimioterápicos orales, además de los efectos adversos y emergencias que demandan atención hospitalaria. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica en el tratamiento con quimioterápicos orales, las necesidades de aprendizaje de los familiares de niños y adolescentes necesitan ser problematizadas en prácticas educativas dialógicas para, así, favorecer la seguridad, la adhesión y la eficacia del tratamiento.

ABSTRACT Objective to describe the learning needs of family members of children and adolescents with cancer regarding treatment with oral antineoplastic chemotherapies. Method a descriptive qualitative research developed in a federal hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data were collected in the months from July to September 2020 from semi-structured interviews with twenty-three family members of children and adolescents with cancer undergoing oral antineoplastic chemotherapy. Data was processed in the software Interface de R pour Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires by the Descending Hierarchical Classification. Results among the themes that demand learning by the family members are oral administration, storage and handling of oral antineoplastic drugs, as well as adverse effects and emergencies that require hospital care. Conclusion and implications for practice in oral antineoplastic treatment, the learning needs of family members of children and adolescents need to be problematized in dialogic educational practices in order to favor the safety, adherence, and efficacy of the treatment.

Informe diário de evidências COVID-19: busca realizada em 21 de maio de 2020 / COVID-19 daily evidence report: search conducted on May 21, 2020

O Informe Diário de Evidências é uma produção do Ministério da Saúde que tem como objetivo acompanhar diariamente as publicações científicas sobre tratamento farmacológico e vacinas para a COVID-19. Dessa forma, são realizadas buscas estruturadas em bases de dados biomédicas, referente ao dia anterior desse informe. Não são incluídos estudos pré-clínicos (in vitro, in vivo, in silico). A frequência dos estudos é demonstrada de acordo com a sua classificação metodológica (revisões sistemáticas, ensaios clínicos randomizados, coortes, entre outros). Para cada estudo é apresentado um resumo com avaliação da qualidade metodológica. Essa avaliação tem por finalidade identificar o grau de certeza/confiança ou o risco de viés de cada estudo. Para tal, são utilizadas ferramentas já validadas e consagradas na literatura científica, na área de saúde baseada em evidências. Cabe ressaltar que o documento tem caráter informativo e não representa uma recomendação oficial do Ministério da Saúde sobre a temática. Foram encontrados 21 artigos.

Oral Maintenance Chemotherapy with 6-Mercaptopurine and Methotrexate in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Ineligible for Transplantation

For decades, maintenance chemotherapy has failed to improve the cure rate or prolong the survival of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), other than those with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Immediately after the first complete remission following consolidation therapy was obtained, oral maintenance chemotherapy (daily 6-mercaptopurine and weekly methotrexate) was given and continued for two years in transplant-ineligible AML patients. Leukemia-free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) were studied and compared between these patients and the historical control group who did not receive maintenance therapy. Consecutive 52 transplant-ineligible AML patients were analyzed. Among these patients, 27 received oral maintenance chemotherapy. No significant difference was found in the patients' characteristics between the maintenance and the control groups. The median OS was 43 (95% CI, 19-67) and 19 (95% CI, 8-30) months in the maintenance and the control groups, respectively (P = 0.202). In the multivariate analysis, the presence of maintenance therapy was an independent prognostic factor for better OS (P = 0.021) and LFS (P = 0.024). Clinical benefit from maintenance chemotherapy was remarkable in older patients (> or = 60 yr) (P = 0.035), those with intermediate or unfavorable cytogenetics (P = 0.006), those with initial low blast count in peripheral blood (P = 0.044), and those receiving less than two cycles of consolidation therapy (P = 0.017). Maintenance oral chemotherapy as a post-remission therapy can prolong the survival of patients with AML who are not eligible for transplantation, particularly older patients, those with intermediate or unfavorable cytogenetics, those with initial low blast count, and those receiving less than two cycles of consolidation therapy.

The Association between the Therapeutic Agent and the Compliance of the Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Adherence of the patients with inflammatory bowel diseases is important to maintain the remission. However, the patients do not always keep their appointments for treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical factors associated with adherence of patients in terms of appointment keeping. METHODS: A total of 73 subjects were retrospectively investigated from September 2005 to January 2012 at Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital (Goyang, Korea). We reviewed medical records including the age, sex, residence, medications, the disease activity, and the rate of keeping the date. A punctual visit was defined as outpatient visit on the scheduled date +/-7 days. Punctual patients for the visit were defined as their punctual visit rates exceed 90%. RESULTS: Male to female ratio was 2.4:1. Mean age was 41.5+/-15.4 years (range, 20 to 78 years). Ulcerative colitis was 53 cases (72.6%) and Crohn's disease was 20 cases (27.4%). Mean duration of disease was 42.0+/-41.6 months (range, 4 to 226 months). Mean puntual visit rate was 86.7+/-16.0% (range, 27 to 100). Thirty-eight patients (52.1%) were punctual patients for the visit. Azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine treatment was associated with punctual patients for the visit (odd ratio, 3.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 9.09; p=0.03). However, other clinical factors did not influence the punctual visit rates. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that the use of azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine was associated with keeping the appointment for meeting the doctor. Further prospective study would be necessary.

A Case of Hemophagocytic Syndrome in an Ulcerative Colitis Patient / 대한소화기학회지

A case of hemophagocytic syndrome associated with ulcerative colitis is very rare. A 32-year-old man visited the hospital complaining of fever and severe abdominal pain for 7 days. He was diagnosed to have ulcerative colitis 2 years ago and had been treated with sulfasalazine. Three months ago, he had abdominal pain, weight loss, and hematochezia, so prednisolone and mercaptopurine were added to the treatment. On admission, the physical examination showed splenomegaly. Peripheral blood counts revealed pancytopenia, and bone marrow aspirate smears showed many histiocytes with active hemophagocytosis. There was no evidence of viral and bacterial infections and other neoplasms, which were commonly associated with hemophagocytic syndrome. He was successfully treated with high dose steroid. We report this case along with a review of the related literatures.

Remission of Ulcerative Colitis after Appendectomy: A Case Report / 대한소화기학회지

The inverse correlation of appendectomy and ulcerative colitis is well known, but the effect of appendectomy on the clinical course of ulcerative colitis remains unclear. Although the majority of opinions were negative for the therapeutic advantage of appendectomy in patients with ulcerative colitis, advocates for positive effect of appendectomy have been proposed in a few case reports and a prospective study from Western countries. We herein report a case of ulcerative colitis who experienced clinical remission after appendectomy for acute appendicitis. The patient was 35 year old male and had been managed with immunosuppressant before appendectomy. The very acute change in clinical course and a long period of remission after appendectomy highly suggest the therapeutic effect of appendectomy for ulcerative colitis.

Estudo evolutivo de fístulas na doença de crohn / Follow-up study of fistula in Crohn's disease

Foram estudados 16 pacientes portadores de doença de Crohn com fístulas. A evolução de 29 fístulas, nestes casos, 10 tratadas por cirurgia e 19 através de medicamentos, foi acompanhada quanto à cicatrizaçãoe e melhora do processo.

Tratamento da retocolite ulcerativa inespecífica em crianças com enemas contendo butirato: relato de caso / Treatment of ulcerative colitis in child with enemas containing butyrate. Case report

Objetivo - Chamar a atenção para uma promissora alternativa terapêutica no tratamento de retocolite ulcerativa inespecífica em criança. Método - É descrito o caso de uma criança com diagnóstico de retocolite ulcerativa inespecífica, com forma evolutiva crônica contínua, refratária ao tratamento convencional e que foi tratada com enemas contendo butirato. Revisão de literatura pertinente ao caso foi realizada. Resultados - Paciente de 4 anos, feminina, parda, com diagnóstico de retocolite ulcerativa inespecífica desde 1 ano de idade e evolução refratária ao tratamento com corticóide (via oral e retal) e imunossupressor (6-mercaptopurina). Respondeu de modo satisfatório com melhora do quadro clínico, laboratorial, endoscópico e histológico, após o uso de enemas com butirato semelhante às descrições da literatura internacional. Conclusão - Embora sem estar esclarecido o mecanismo de ação do butirato na retocolite ulcerativa inespecífica, melhora significante foi observada neste caso, acenando como possibilidade terapêutica segura nos casos de retocolite ulcerativa inespecífica confinados a segmentos distais.

Tratamiento de leucemia aguda linfoblástica en niños de escasos recursos en un hospital comunitario del estado de Veracruz / Treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a community hospita of the state of Veracruz

Objetivo. Presentar los resultados del tratamiento de 36 niños de escasos recursos económicos con leucemia aguda linfoblástica en un hospital comunitario de 2o. nivel en el estado de Veracruz, México. Características de los niños. El 74 por ciento fue de alto riesgo y el 25 por ciento de riesgo habitutal. El 53 por ciento de los casos fue menor de 2 o mayor de 9 años de edad; el 36 por ciento tuvo más de 50 mil leucocitos/µL y el 39 por ciento tuvo morfología linfocitaria L-2. resultados de tratamiento. Se utilizó quimioterapia en todos, y tratamiento a SNC en 9 de los 36. El tratamiento fue gratuito. La supervivencia libre de enfermedad a tres años fue de 64 por ciento y la supervivencia libre de eventos de 47 por ciento que son valores bajos comparados con los de la literatura. Conclusiones. Consideramos que fue posible extender los buenos resultados del tratamiento a nuestra población de leucemicos ya que nuestra población no sólo fue de muy alto riesgo, sino que se enfrenta a factores de riesgo biológico, y a pobres condiciones nutricionales socioeconómicas y culturales

Quimioterapia combinada en la leucemia granulocítica crónica / Chronic granulocytic leukemia combined chemotherapy

La Leucemia Granulocítica Crónica (LGC), es una enfermedad mieloproliferativa maligna que se presenta con mayor frecuencia de la tercera a la sexta década de la vida, teniendo un promedio de sobrevivencia de 36 meses (1,3,8,9).El tratamiento de elección es la administración de drogas alquelantes (Busulf n) y/o antimetabólitos.(1,3,10,11). El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la efectividad, así como el tiempo de sobrevida, logrados con la quimioterapia, usando la asociación de Busulf n y 6-Mercaptopurina (6-MP) en pacientes con LGC. Al estudio ingresaron 31 pacientes durante el período de octubre de 1968 a diciembre de 1986, habiéndose dado ciclos de 1 a 7 veces, y con una duración que osciló entre 7 y 104 días. Se observó en todos los pacientes que la remisión se logró en un periódo m s corto al usar la asociación mencionada, que cuando se aplicó el tratamiento único con Busulf n, así como un periódo m s largo entre el diagnóstico inicial y la crisis bl stica. Bas ndonos en la experiencia previa con el uso de los citost ticos únicos, proponemos el uso combinado de estos dos medicamentos: Busulf n y 6-MP, para lograr la remisión al hacer el diagnóstico de LGC activa y las recaídas subsecuentes

A Case of Evans Syndrome, Successfully Treated with 6-Mercaptopurine

A pediatric patient with combined primary thrombocytopenic purpura and acquired hemolytic anemia (Evans syndrome), whose condition did not respond to treatment with prednisolone, has enjoyed long-term remission following a period of treatment with 6-Mercaptopurine.