Clinical Analysis of Colistin Sulfate in the Treatment of Hematonosis Infected by Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the efficacy and safety of colistin sulfate in the treatment of hematonosis patients infected by multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria (GNB), and discuss the possible factors that affect the efficacy of colistin sulfate.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 85 hematologic patients infected with MDR GNB in the Soochow Hopes Hematonosis Hospital from April 2022 to November 2022 were collected and divided into clinically effective group with 71 cases and ineffective group with 14 cases according to the therapeutic efficacy of colistin sulfate. The age, gender, type of hematologic disease, status of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, infection sites, type of pathogen, timing of administration, daily dose and duration of colistin sulfate, and combination with other antibacterial agents of patients in two groups were compared. Logistic regression was used to analyze on the meaningful variables to study the influencing factors of colistin sulfate. The adverse reactions of colistin sulfate were also evaluated.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences in age, gender, type of hematologic disease, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation status, infection sites and pathogen type between the effective group and the ineffective group (P>0.05). Compared with the medication time more than 7 days, meropenem used within 7 days in the clinical effective group, and timely replacement with colistin sulfate could obtain better efficacy, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.018). The duration of tigacycline before colistin sulfate did not affect the efficacy, and there was no significant difference in efficacy between the effective and ineffective groups. The therapeutic effect of colistin sulfate at daily dose of 500 000 U q8h was better than that of 500 000 U q12h, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.035). The time of colistin sulfate use in the clinically effective group was longer than that in the ineffective group, which had a statistical difference (P=0.003). Compared with the clinical ineffective group, the efficacy of combination regimens with colistin sulfate was better than that of colistin sulfate monotherapy, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.013). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on the indicators with statistical differences in the two groups of patients, which suggested that the use time of colistin sulfate (B: 2.358; OR: 10.573; CI: 1.567-71.361; P=0.015) and the combination of colistin sulfate (B: 1.720; OR: 5.586; CI: 1.210-25.787; P=0.028) were influential factors in the efficacy of colistin sulfate. During the treatment, the incidence of nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and peripheral neurotoxicity were 5.9%, 1.2% and 1.2%, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#The use of colistin sulfate improves the clinical efficacy of MDR GNB infections in hematological patients, and the timing of colistin sulfate administration and the combination of drugs are independent factors affecting its clinical efficacy, and the safety during treatment is high.

Drug-related problems in cardiac neonates under intensive care / Problemas relacionados a medicamentos em neonatos cardiopatas sob terapia intensiva

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the frequency and nature of the Drug Related Problems (DRP) in neonates with cardiac diseases admitted to an Intensive Care Unit. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was developed at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of a teaching maternity hospital in Brazil from January 2014 to December 2016. All neonates diagnosed with any heart disease (congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, etc.) and who were admitted to the NICU for more than 24 hours with at least one prescribed drug were included in the study. Demographic and clinical data were collected from the records of the institution's clinical pharmacy service. DRP and their respective interventions were independently reviewed and classified by two pharmacists. DRP classification was performed through the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe v6.2 system. Results: 122 neonates were included in the study. The frequency of neonates exposed to DRP was 76.4% (confidence interval of 95% [95%CI] 65.9-82.0), with a mean of 3.2±3.8 cases/patient. In total, 390 DRP were identified, of which 49.0% were related to "treatment effectiveness", 46.7% to "adverse reactions" and 1.0% to "treatment costs". The medicines most involved in DRP were Vancomycin (10.2%; n=46), Meropenem (8.0%; n=36) and Furosemide (7.1%; n=32). Pharmacists performed 331 interventions, of which 92.1% were accepted by physicians and nurses. Conclusions: The study showed that DRP are very frequent in patients with cardiac diseases hospitalized in the NICU, predominating problems related to the effectiveness and safety of the drug treatment.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a frequência e a natureza dos problemas relacionados a medicamentos (PRMs) em neonatos cardiopatas internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal prospectivo desenvolvido na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) de uma maternidade de ensino do Brasil, de janeiro de 2014 a dezembro de 2016. Todos os neonatos diagnosticados com alguma doença cardíaca (cardiopatias congênitas, cardiomiopatias, arritmias etc.) e internados na UTIN por período superior a 24 horas, com pelo menos um medicamento prescrito, foram incluídos no estudo. Dados demográficos e clínicos foram coletados a partir dos registros do serviço de farmácia clínica da instituição. Os PRMs e suas respectivas intervenções foram revisadas e classificadas independentemente por dois farmacêuticos. A classificação dos PRMs foi realizada por meio do sistema Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe versão 6.2. Resultados: Cento e vinte e dois neonatos foram incluídos no estudo. A frequência de neonatos expostos a PRM foi de 76,4% (intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%] 65,9-82,0), com média de 3,2±3,8 casos por paciente. Ao todo, 390 PRM foram identificados, sendo que 49,0% estiveram relacionados à "efetividade do tratamento", 46,7% a "reações adversas" e 1,0% a "custos do tratamento". Os medicamentos mais envolvidos em PRM foram: vancomicina (10,2%; n=46), meropenem (8,0%; n=36) e furosemida (7,1%; n=32). Os farmacêuticos realizaram 331 intervenções, sendo 92,1% aceitas por médicos e enfermeiros. Conclusões: O estudo mostrou que PRMs são muito frequentes em pacientes cardiopatas internados em UTIN, predominando problemas relacionados à efetividade e segurança do tratamento medicamentoso.

Utilización de dos antibióticos genéricos en un hospital de tercer nivel en Bogotá / Drug utilization study of two generic antibiotics in a tertiary hospital in Bogotá

Resumen Introducción. La política farmacéutica de Colombia establece la necesidad de intensificar la investigación en farmacoepidemiología a nivel nacional, especialmente en el caso de los antibióticos. Objetivo. Aportar información farmacoepidemiológica en cuanto a la efectividad, las condiciones de uso y la seguridad de la cefepima y el meropenem genéricos en un hospital de alta complejidad en Bogotá. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo sobre la utilización de estos medicamentos. Los datos se recolectaron de todas las historias clínicas en las cuales se registraba el uso de cefepima y meropenem. Resultados. Se incluyeron 82 pacientes tratados con cefepima y 91 con meropenem. La mayoría de ellos había estado internada en servicios diferentes a la unidad de cuidados intensivos (59,8 % con cefepima y 52,7 % con meropenem). El 21,9 % de los tratados con cefepima y el 49 % de los tratados con meropenem, tuvieron consulta con un infectólogo, en tanto que en 47 % de los primeros y en 78 % de los segundos, se hizo cultivo o antibiograma. Las condiciones más frecuentemente tratadas con cefepima fueron las infecciones de vías respiratorias (32,5 %) y, con meropenem, las infecciones genitourinarias (34,8 %). Las tasas de éxito terapéutico fueron de 61,7 % para la cefepima y de 63,0 % para el meropenem. Conclusiones. Este estudio aporta información sobre el desempeño terapéutico de dos antibióticos genéricos de uso hospitalario. No hubo reportes de falla terapéutica durante el periodo de estudio. En los casos en que no hubo respuesta al tratamiento, las causas frecuentes fueron las alteraciones farmacocinéticas, las condiciones clínicas desfavorables y la elección inadecuada del tratamiento antimicrobiano.

Abstract Introduction: The Colombian national pharmaceutical policy establishes as a strategy the generation of greater pharmaco-epidemiological research at the national level, especially in the case of antibiotic drugs. Objective: To provide local pharmaco-epidemiological evidence regarding the effectiveness, conditions of use and safety of generic meropenem and cefepime in a tertiary hospital in Bogotá. Materials and methods: We conducted a descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective drug utilization study. The data were collected from the medical histories of all the patients who had cefepime or meropenem prescribed. Results: We included 82 patients treated with cefepime and 91 treated with meropenem in the study. Most of the patients were in services different from the intensive care unit (taking cefepime: 59.8%, and meropenem: 52.7%). Only 21.9% of the patients treated with cefepime and 49% of those treated with meropenem were seen by an infectious disease specialist. The antibiogram was performed for 47% and 60% of the patients treated with cefepime and meropenem, respectively. The most frequent indication for cefepime were respiratory infections and for meropenem, genitourinary ones. Therapeutic success rates were 61.7% for cefepime and 63.0% for meropenem. Conclusions: This study contributes evidence regarding the therapeutic performance of two generic antibiotics used in tertiary hospitals. There were no reports of therapeutic failure during the study period. In the cases of non-response, pharmacokinetic alterations, unfavorable clinical conditions, and inappropriate choice of antimicrobial treatment were identified as frequent factors.