Protective effect of grape seeds oil [Vitis Vinifera] on methomyl induced liver damage in albino rats

Liver damage was induced in adult male albino rats, weighting about 130-140 g, by oral administration of methomyl with single dose at two concentrations [1/10 or 1/20 LD[50]/day for short term [4 weeks] and long term [8 weeks]. The markers of liver damage were investigated by evaluating biochemical parameters in serum and liver tissues such as activities of aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT]], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], total bilirubin [TB], total protein [TP], total lipids [TL], total cholesterol [TC], triacylglycerols [TAG] and malondialdhyde [MDA] levels. In addition serum urea, creatinine and uric acid were assessed after 4 and 8 weeks. The effect of oral administration of grape seed oil [GSO] 4 ml/kg. Body weight/day on the above parameters for 4 and 8 weeks were investigated as a protective and antihepatotoxic effect. Oral administration of methomyl with single dose of concentration [1/10 or 1/20 LD[50]/day for 4 and 8 weeks, showed significant increase [p < 0.05] in serum liver enzymes activity [ALT, AST, ALP], TB, and MDA levels, while total protein showed a highly significant reduction as compared to negative control and control group received GSO, and the more effect was observed at the high dose of methomyl 1/lOLDso. ALT was not affected at the methomyl dose 1/20 LD[50]/day after 4 weeks. Serum lipid profile [TL, TC and TAG], creatinine and uric acid were also elevated in methomyl intoxicated rats with slight changes in TC and TL as compared to normal group at dose 1/20 LD[50]/day after 4 and 8 weeks. A significant - decrease [p < 0.05] and a high decrease [p < 0.01] in urea values were observed after short and long term in methomyl intoxicated rats. In liver tissues, elevation was found in ALP, TB, MDA, TC and TL levels after long term, while ALT, AST and total protein were significantly decreased, and intoxicated group treated with methomyl 1/10 LD[50] /day for 4 and 8 weeks was more acute effect as compared to control groups. Oral treatment with grape seed oil GSO 4 ml/kg body weight/day improved all the above parameters being almost similar to control values with treated low dose of methomyl

Toxic effects of five insecticides and their mixture on male albino rats

Five insecticides namely; abamectin, carbosulfan, fenpropathrin, methomyl and profenofos were given by gavages to male albino rats. These insecticides were administered daily for 28 days with doses equaled 1/20 LD 50 either singly or in a mixture of all the insecticides together. The study revealed significant decreases in body and kidneys weights, while increases in liver weights in all the treatments. Most of the treatments induced significant elevations in serum alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST], while caused decreases in acetylcholinesterase [AChE] activities. Fenpropathrin and the mixture induced significant increase in total protein content of the serum, while the other treatments induced significant decreases. Creatinine concentrations recorded significant elevations in fenpropathrin and methomyl treatments, while significant decrease in case of Profenofos. Degenerative changes and granularity of hepatocytes with Kupffer cells activation were observed in the treatments with the mixture or and methomyl. Shrinking in Bowman's capsule and degenerative changes of epithelium lining renal tubules were observed in rats treated with the mixture. Moreover, necrotic changes associated with desquamation of epithelium lining tubules were shown in rats treated with the mixture, fenpropathrin and methomyl. From the biochemical data, the joint action was estimated for the mixture composed of the five insecticides. The mixture interacts antagonistically with most of the measured biochemical parameters