Miasis nosocomiales en América Latina y el Caribe: ¿una realidad ignorada? / Nosocomial myiasis in Latin America and the Caribbean: an overlooked reality?

Las miasis nosocomiales son infestaciones por larvas de mosca que se producen después de la hospitalización del paciente. Para analizar la información disponible sobre miasis nosocomiales en América Latina y el Caribe, se realizó una búsqueda de casos publicados en los últimos 52 años. Se encontraron nueve casos clínicos en Brasil, Costa Rica, Guayana Francesa, Honduras y Jamaica. También existen dos publicaciones con datos agregados que mencionan 139 casos en El Salvador y alrededor de 32 en Colombia. Los pacientes y el entorno descritos en los casos presentaron condiciones que predisponen a este tipo de infestaciones. Las miasis nosocomiales en América Latina y el Caribe no suelen ser de declaración obligatoria, por lo que es probable que exista un importante subregistro. Es necesario crear conciencia y mejorar el registro de estas miasis en la región para tomar las medidas más adecuadas de prevención, que beneficien el cuidado del paciente durante su hospitalización.

Nosocomial myiasis is an infestation by fly larvae that occurs while a patient is hospitalized. To analyze the available information on nosocomial m yiasis in Latin America and the Caribbean, a search was done for cases published in the last 52 years. Nine clinical cases were found for Brazil, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Honduras, and Jamaica. Two other publications mention 139 cases in El Salvador and some 32 in Colombia, respectively. The patients and environments described presented conditions that predispose to this type of infestation. Compulsory notification is not usually required for nosocomial myiasis in Latin America and the Caribbean, meaning that there is probably considerable underreporting. Awareness needs to be raised and registry improved of myiasis in the region to aid in adoption of better prevention measures, which will benefit patient care during hospitalization.

Primer reporte de pseudomiasis intestinal humana por Eristalis tenax (Diptera, Syrphidae) en zona semiárida urbana del estado Falcón, Venezuela / First report of human intestinal pseudomiasis by Eristalis tenax (Diptera, Syrphidae) in urban semiarid area from Falcon state, Venezuela

Pseudomiasis es el término empleado cuando se considera que las larvas y/o huevos de moscas se adquieren accidentalmente per os y atraviesan con inmediatez a lo largo del tracto digestivo. Se documenta un caso de una pseudomiasis intestinal por larvas de Eristalis tenax (Diptera: Syrphidae) en una paciente femenina de 39 años de edad, proveniente de un sector periférico de la ciudad de Coro, estado Falcón, Venezuela. La paciente observó inmediatamente la presencia de la larva viva en sus heces. Aunque refirió sufrir eventualmente de cólicos, al examen físico se presentó normal. La paciente aparentemente no sufre de trastornos mentales, y posee un nivel socioeconómico bajo. El presente trabajo constituye el primer reporte documentado de una pseudomiasis entérica por E. tenax en la zona semiárida del estado Falcón, en la región nor-occidental de Venezuela.

Pseudomyiasis is the term used for the accidental entrapment of swallowed fly maggots and/or eggs immediately passing through the digestive tract. We report a case of intestinal pseudomyasis caused by the larvae of the cosmopolitan drone fly Eristalis tenax (Diptera: Syrphidae) in a 39 year old woman, resident in a suburban sector from Coro city, Falcon state, Venezuela. The patient immediately noticed a living larva in her stool. Although patient referred eventually became colic, her physical examination was normal, with no mental disturbance. She was in a low socioeconomic level. This is the first report of an enteric pseudomyasis by E. tenax in the semiarid zone of Falcon state, in the northwestern region of Venezuela.

Caso de miasis orbitaria / A case of myasis orbitalis

Se presenta un caso de un paciente masculino de ochenta y tres años de edad, de raza blanca con antecedentes de la enfermedad del Parkinson con una miasis orbitaria derecha profunda producida por el gusano barrenador de la mosca Cochlimyia hominivorax. Se realizó un reporte de caso con el objetivo de describir el cuadro médico que presentaba el anciano. Presentó abundantes larvas en una zona necrótica en el párpado superior derecho, con fetidez y ninguna sensación en la zona que permitió realizar la toilette de urgencia sin el uso de ningún anestésico. Se interconsultó por un conjunto de especialistas de diferentes materias y se determinó que la mejor opción era la enucleación del globo ocular y necrectomía de la zona afectada junto a una etmoidectomía con el objetivo de eliminar la mayor cantidad de larvas posible. El paciente luego de operado evolucionó favorablemente.

A case of an eighty three year-old, white race, masculine patient, with antecedents of Parkinson´s disease is presented with a deep right myasis orbitalis produced by the borer worm of the Cochlimyia hominivorax fly. The clinical picture is described, abundant larvae in a necrotic area of the right upper eyelid, with fetidity and no sensation that allowed to carry out the toilette of urgency without the use of any anesthetic. He was interconsulted by a group of specialists of different matters and it was determined that the best option was the enucleation of the eyeball and necrectomy of the affected area next to an ethmoidectomy with the objective of eliminating the biggest quantity of larvae. The patient after been operated evolved favorably.

Cutaneous human myiasis due to Dermatobia hominis / La miasis cutánea humana debido a Dermatobia Hominis

This is a case report of cutaneous myiasis due to Dermatobia hominis in a female physician who had travelled to Belize. Cutaneous myiasis is endemic in Central and South America but is seldom reported from the Caribbean islands.

Éste es un reporte de caso de miasis cutánea debido a Dermatobia hominis en una mujer médico que había viajado a la Belice. La miasis cutánea es endémica en América Central y América del Sur, pero rara vez se reporta en las islas del Caribe.

Cutaneous myiasis due to Dermatobia hominis: a case report from Eastern Sudan

Cutaneous myiasis [CM] is invasion of human skin by larvae of dipterous flies CM is encountered world-wide and is endemic in several tropical countries, mainly in central and south American. Cases have been reported in non-tropical countries such as USA, UK, Germany, and Japan. Patients with CM due to Dermatobia hominis usually suffer from painful pruritic furuncular skin lesion with a serous or seropurulent discharge accompanied by a crawling sensation. The disease may resolve spontaneously, however conservative and/or surgical treatment may be indicated. Fatal CM due to D. hominis was reported from Brazil where a scalp lesion had disseminated into the brain. In Sudan, CM seems uncommon, unreported or probably underdiagnosed. In this communication we describe a case of CM due to D. hominis which seems to have been acquired from an indigenous source

Miasis furunculoide por Dermatobia hominis: Un caso importado de Costa Rica al Distrito Federal / Furunculoid Myasis Due to Dermatobia hominis: A Case Imported to the Mexican Capital's Federal District from Costa Rica

La miasis furunculoide es una enfermedad parasitaria producida por la larva de la mosca Dermatobia hominis, endémica del sur de México, y de Centro y Sudamérica. Se presenta un caso de infestación por este agente en una persona residente del Distrito Federal que viajó a Costa Rica, así como una revisión de la literatura respecto a esta enfermedad poco frecuente en el Valle de México.

Furunculoid myiasis is malignant parasitation caused by larvae of the botfly Dermatobia hominis. It is endemic to Southern Mexico and Central and South America. We report here on the case of a patient living in Mexico's Federal District who was infested with Dermatobiahominis, and who had a history of travel to Costa Rica. A review of the literature regarding this uncommon ailment in the Valley of Mexico is also presented.

Furuncular myiasis by Tumbu fly

To study cases of furuncular myiasis by tumbu fly [Cordylobia anthropophaga] among Pakistani troops in Sierra Leone, Africa. Design: Observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Pakistani troops in Sierra Leone, Africa. The duration of the study was 1 year, from July 2001 to August 2002. Subjects and Two hundred and forty-eight cases of furuncular myiasis were observed among Pakistani soldiers. All the patients were male. The lesions were treated by removal of the larva followed by twice daily application of an antibacterial ointment. The extraction was done by injecting 2% xylocaine over the base of the nodule. Care was exercised in not damaging the larva while extracting. The ages were from 22 to 43 years. Mean age was 29.42 years. The patients presented with a solitary lesion [178 out of total 248 cases, 71.8%] or multiple lesions [70 out of 248 cases, 28.2%]. The lesions were almost always on the non-exposed parts of the body [239 cases out of total 248 cases, 96.37%]. One case presented with a lesion on the face and 8 cases had lesions over dorsum of hands or feet. This disease is common in tropical Africa. The knowledge of the disease, its management and prevention is necessary for all the individuals who are planning to visit tropical Africa

Evaluation of elisa kit hypodermosis in serodiagnosis of przhevalskiana silenus in goats and cephalopenia titilator in camels

ELISA kit hypodermosis was evaluated in detecting antibodies against two oestrid larvae, Przhevalskiana silenus in goats and Cephalopenia titillator in camels. Both animals were parasitologically proved to have oestrid myiasis infestation. Antibodies against P. silenus were detected in 38 out of 40 infested goats and negative results among the control group with C. titillator antibodies were detected in 39 out of 40 infested camels, but one of the control [10%] gave false seropositivity. ELISA kit hypodermosis diagnosed antibodies against P. silenus in goats and C. titillator in camels. Consequently, there are cross reactions between anti-hypoderma antibodies and antibodies against both Przhevalskiana and Cephalopenia. ELISA is confirmed to be an easy and economic tool in diagnosing myiasis infestation when direct examination is not a simple mean and/or for epidemiological studies. The whole results were discussed. The study focused on the clinical pictures and pathogenesis of human myiasis to clarify the zoonotic importance of myiasis in Egypt