Uso de mifepristona en embarazo ectópico intersticial: un reporte de caso / Use of mifepristone in an interstitial ectopic pregnancy: a case report

Introducción: El embarazo ectópico intersticial es una forma de presentación poco frecuente, con una incidencia del 2-4% de los embarazos ectópicos; sin embargo, a pesar de su baja incidencia la mortalidad es cinco veces mayor, impactando en las cifras de mortalidad materna y representando en torno al 10-15% de los casos. Objetivo: Presentar un caso de embarazo ectópico intersticial, cuya ocurrencia es poco frecuente, así como el abordaje satisfactorio del manejo médico con mifepristona y metotrexato. Caso clínico: Mujer de 28 años con antecedente de resección tubárica por quiste paraovárico derecho, quien acudió a urgencias por hallazgo en ecografía obstétrica de sospecha de embarazo intersticial izquierdo y se le administró manejo farmacológico con dosis de metotrexato y mifepristona, con éxito. Conclusiones: El manejo médico con metotrexato y mifepristona para el embarazo ectópico intersticial parece ser una elección eficaz en los casos con estabilidad hemodinámica y deseo de conservación de la fertilidad.

Background: Interstitial ectopic pregnancy represents a rare form of presentation, with an incidence of 2-4% of all ectopic pregnancies. However, despite its low incidence, it is associated with a five-fold increase in mortality, significantly impacting maternal mortality rates, accounting for approximately 10-15% of cases. Objective: To present a case of interstitial ectopic pregnancy, which is a rare occurrence, as well as the successful medical management approach with mifepristone and methotrexate. Case report: A 28-year-old women with a history of right paraovarian cyst tubal resection presented to the emergency department due to suspected left interstitial pregnancy identified on obstetric ultrasound. The patient was successfully managed with pharmacological treatment using doses of methotrexate and mifepristone. Conclusions: Medical management with methotrexate and mifepristone for interstitial ectopic pregnancy appears to be an effective choice in cases with hemodynamic stability and a desire for fertility preservation.

Analysis of management efficacy in patients with heavy menstrual bleeding associated with antithrombotic therapy / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective: To evaluate different methods' efficacy of controlling acute bleeding and managing long-term menstruation in patients with heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) associated with antithrombotic therapy. Methods: The clinical data of 22 cases with HMB associated with antithrombotic therapy admitted to Peking University People's Hospital from January 2010 to August 2022 were analyzed, aged 39 years old (26-46 years). Changes in menstrual volume, hemoglobin (Hb), and quality of life were collected after control of acute bleeding and long-term menstrual management. Menstrual volume was assessed by pictorial blood assessment chart (PBAC), and quality of life was assessed by menorrhagia multi-attribute scale (MMAS). Results: (1) Treatment of acute bleeding: of the 22 cases with HMB associated with antithrombotic therapy, 16 cases were treated in our hospital and 6 in other hospital for emergency bleeding; of the 16 cases treated in our hospital, 3 underwent emergency intrauterine Foley catheter balloon compression due to severe bleeding (Hb decreased by 20 to 40 g/L within 12 hours). Of the 22 cases with antithrombotic therapy-related HMB, 15 (including 2 cases with severe bleeding) underwent emergency aspiration or endometrial resection, and intraoperative placement of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) followed by a significant reduction in bleeding volume; 3 cases had controlled acute bleeding after rivaroxaban dose reduction and continued observation; 2 cases were given gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists to control acute bleeding in other hospital, of which 1 case was temporarily treated with periodic blood transfusion, and the other one patient underwent total hysterectomy; and 2 cases had temporary amenorrhea with oral mifepristone after intrauterine balloon compression or oral norethindrone. (2) Long-term menstrual management: of the 22 cases with antithrombotic therapy-related HMB, 15 had LNG-IUS placement and 12 had LNG-IUS placement for 6 months, and menstrual volume was significantly reduced [PBAC scores were 365.0 (272.5-460.0) vs 25.0 (12.5-37.5), respectively; Z=4.593, P<0.001], Hb was significantly increased [91.5 g/L (71.8-108.2 g/L) vs 128.5 g/L (121.2-142.5 g/L); Z=4.695, P<0.001], and quality of life was significantly improved [MMAS scores were 415.0 (327.5-472.5) vs 580.0 (570.0-580.0), respectively; Z=-3.062, P=0.002] before placement compared with 6 months after placement. Three rivaroxaban dose reduction patients' PBAC scores decreased by 20 to 35 but remained >100, and perceived quality of life did not change significantly. Two cases with temporary amenorrhea treated with oral mifepristone felt significantly improved quality of life, and the MMAS scores increased by 220 and 180, respectively. Conclusion: Intrauterine Foley catheter balloon compression, aspiration or endometrial ablation could be used to control acute bleeding in patients with antithrombotic therapy-related HMB, and LNG-IUS for long-term management could reduce menstrual volume, increase hemoglobin, and improve the quality of life of patients.

Mifepristona para tratamiento del fibroma uterino / The use of Mifepristone for treatment of the uterine fibroma

OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la eficacia, seguridad y duración de la mejoría clínica en el tiempo de la administración de 5 vs. 10 mg diarios de mifepristona en el tratamiento del fibroma. MÉTODOS: Fueron aleatorizadas a recibir 5 ó 10 mg diarios de mifepristona oral durante 3 meses y fueron seguidas durante 6 meses después, 100 mujeres con fibromatosis uterina sintomática. Se calcularon los volúmenes del fibroma y del útero por ultrasonografÍa abdominal del útero al inicio, al final del tratamiento, 3 y 6 meses después. RESULTADOS: Al final del tratamiento el fibroma se redujo en 38,3 por ciento, p < 0,001, y 47,5 por ciento, p < 0,001, respecto del valor inicial en los grupos de 5 y 10 mg, respectivamente. El volumen del útero se redujo el 27 por ciento (p = 0,001) y 25,1 por ciento (p = 0,001), con respecto al inicio en los grupos de 5 y 10 mg, respectivamente. La prevalencia de los síntomas fue significativamente menor al final de tratamiento y 6 meses después. Seis meses después del tratamiento el tamaño del fibroma era 21, por ciento y 19, por ciento menor que el valor inicial en los grupos de 5 y 10 mg de mifepristona, respectivamente, y el volumen del útero era 2 por ciento y 0,2, por ciento menor que al inicio en los grupos de 5 y 10 mg, respectivamente. No hubo hiperplasia endometrial en ninguno de los grupos de tratamiento. CONCLUSIONES: La dosis de 5 mg tuvo similar eficacia que la de 10 mg y 6 meses después de concluido el tratamiento los tamaños del fibroma y del útero estaban cercanos a los valores pretratamiento, pero se mantenía una notable mejoría clínica

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the efficacy, safety and duration improvement obtained over the course of time by administering mifepristone for the treatment of fibroids. METHODS: One hundred women with symptomatic uterine myomas were randomized to receive oral mifepristone 5 or 10 mg daily for 3 months with 6 month post-treatment monitoring. The fibroid and uterus sizes were calculated by means of abdominal ultrasound examination at the beginning and at the end of treatment as well as 3 and 6 months later. RESULTS: At the end of treatment the fibroid decreased in size 38.3 por ciento, p < 0.001, and 47.5 por ciento, p < 0.001, respecting to the initial value in the 5 and 10 mg groups, respectively. The uterine volume decreased 27 por ciento (p = 0.001) and 25.1 por ciento (p = 0.001), regarding to initial values in the 5 and 10 mg groups, respectively. Symptom prevalence was significantly less at the end of treatment and 6 months later. Six months after treatment fibroid size was 21 por ciento and 19 por ciento less than the initial value in the 5 and 10 mg mifepristone groups, respectively, and uterine volume was 2 por ciento and 0.2 por ciento less than initial values in the 5 and 10 mg groups, respectively. There was no endometrial hyperplasia in any of the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: The 5 mg dose had an efficacy similar to the 10 mg dosage and 6 months after termination of the treatment fibroid and uterine sizes were close to pre-treatment values but a notable clinical improvement was maintained

Pharmacological management of Cushing's syndrome: an update

The treatment of choice for Cushing's syndrome remains surgical. The role for medical therapy is twofold. Firstly it is used to control hypercortisolaemia prior to surgery to optimize patient's preoperative state and secondly, it is used where surgery has failed and radiotherapy has not taken effect. The main drugs used inhibit steroidogenesis and include metyrapone, ketoconazole, and mitotane. Drugs targeting the hypothalamic-pituitary axis have been investigated but their roles in clinical practice remain limited although PPAR-gamma agonist and somatostatin analogue som-230 (pasireotide) need further investigation. The only drug acting at the periphery targeting the glucocorticoid receptor remains Mifepristone (RU486). The management of Cushing syndrome may well involve combination therapy acting at different pathways of hypercortisolaemia but monitoring of therapy will remain a challenge.

O tratamento de escolha para a síndrome de Cushing ainda é a cirurgia. O papel da terapia medicamentosa é duplo: ele é usado para controlar o hipercortisolismo antes da cirurgia e otimizar o estado pré-operatório do paciente e, adicionalmente, quando ocorre falha cirúrgica e a radioterapia ainda não se mostrou efetiva. Os principais medicamentos são empregados para inibir a esteroidogênese e incluem: metirapona, cetoconazol e mitotano. Medicamentos visando o eixo hipotálamo-hipofisário têm sido investigados, mas seu papel na prática clínica permanece limitado, embora o agonista PPAR-gama e análogo de somatostatina, som-230 (pasireotídeo), requeira estudos adicionais. A única droga que age perifericamente no receptor glicocorticóide é a mifepristona (RU486). O manejo da síndrome de Cushing deve envolver uma combinação terapêutica atuando em diferentes vias da hipercortisolemia, mas o monitoramento dessa terapia ainda permanece um desafio.

Tratamiento médico de los tumores hipofisiarios productores de corticotrofina y tirotrofina / Medical treatment of adrenocorticotrophin and thyrotrophin-secreting pituitary tumors

Se analiza el estado actual del tratamiento médico de los tumores hipofisiarios productores de corticotrofina (ACTH) y tirotrofina (TSH). Se presentan las investigaciones comunicadas por diversos autores en el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Cushing y el síndrome de Nelson con moduladores de la secreción de ACTH, la bromocriptina, la ciproheptadina, la ritanserina, el ácido valproico y la somatostatina. Los resultados positivos cubren un pequeño número de casos. La primera opción de tratamiento de estos tumores es la cirugía seguida de la radioterapia. Cuando no se logra extirpar completamente los tumores, el uso de drogas que actúan inhibiendo la esteroidogénesis suprarrenal constituye una terapia paliativa. Entre estas drogas se cuentan el ketoconazol, la aminoglutetimida, la metopirona, el mitotano y el trilostan, con diversos grados de efectividad y tolerancia. Los pacientes que presentan tumores hipofisiarios productores de TSH han sido tratados con éxito con análogos de la somatostatina de acción prolongada, octreotide y lanreotide SR. Se ha logrado dramática supresión de la TSH y de la subunidad alfa, así como control del hipertiroidismo y disminución del tamaño de los tumores. Estas drogas ofrecen posibilidades de tratamiento médico para los pacientes que no logran control de su enfermedad con la cirugía

Tratamento endócrino dos meningiomas: uma revisäo / Endocrine treatment of meningiomas: a review

Os meningiomas säo tumores benignos do sistema central. Apresentam altas taxas de recidiva e muitas vezes säo considerados inoperáveis, como quando se localizam em local de difícil acesso cirúrgico ou quando englobam estruturas nobres do cérebro. Existem evidências clínicas, epidemiológicas, bioquímicas e de experimentos "in vitro" de que seu crescimento sofre influência do meio hormonal esteróideo. Vários ensaios terapêuticos têm explorado estas características do meningioma através do uso de substâncias que interferem na açäo destes esteróides: RU486 ( antiprogestínico e antiglicocorticóide), acetato de medroxiprogesterona (antiprogestínico), gestrinona (antiestrogênico e antiprogestínico), tamoxifen (antiestrogênico) e buserelin (superagonista do LHRH), além do octreotide (análogo da somatostatina) e a bromocriptina (agonista dopaminérgico). Outros medicamentos possuem potencial para o tratamento dos meningiomas: aminoglutetimina, suramin e trapidil. Nesta revisäo, analizamos a literatura sobre esses aspectos

Possibilidades terapêuticas na gestaçäo ectópica tubária / Therapeutic measures in tubal ectopic pregnancy

Os autores nesta revisäo, fazem consideraçöes sobre as possibilidades terapêuticas na gestaçäo ectópica tubária, enfatizando indicaçöes e técnicas

Terminación de embarazo temprano con RU-486 y Ono-802: ensayo con 3 dosis diferentes de RU-486 / Termination of early pregnancy with RU-486 and ONO-802: trials with three different doses of RU-486

Según estudio multicéntrico auspiciado por la OMS, a doble ciegas, se ensayaron 3 dosis diferentes de RU-486 complementado por un análogo deprostaglandina E (ONO-802) por vía vaginal, para inducir aborto en los primeros días del embarazo. Nuestro centro estudió 99 pacientes distribuidas en 3 grupos según los tratamientos, grupo I: 200 mg de RU-486, grupo II: 400 mg de RU-486 y grupo III: 600 mg de RU-486, a todas se les colocó un supositorio vaginal de ONO-802 48 horas después. Se estudiaron aquéllas que reunían los criterios de inclusión. Se evidenció alta efectividad de este régimen para interrumpir el embarazo temprano. La eficacia fue del 93,9 por ciento en el grupo I y del 97,0 por ciento en los grupos I y II, sin diferencia significativa. Los efectos secundarios fueron escasos, sólo se destacó el dolor de bajo vientre. El sangramiento fué algo prolongado y de intensidad, fundamentalmente igual al sanggramiento menstrual, no requirió terapeútica. Se demostró que el uso del RU-486 complementado con ONO-802 es altamente efectivo para interrumpir el embarazo temprano, sin diferencias en el empleo de la dosis