Un estudio de prevalencia de error de refracción en niños entrecerrados (6-12 años) asistiendo al Hospital Dr. Aso-Eye Shahed / A study of Prevalence of Refractive Error in Squinted children (6-12 years) attending shahed Dr. Aso-Eye Hospital

Determinar la prevalencia del error de refracción (RE) como causa en los ojos en los niños en niños de esta edad (6-12 años) en la ciudad de Sulaimania. El estudio de tasa de prevalencia entre los pacientes que asisten al Shahed Dr. Aso Eye Hospital para el período del 1 de octubre de 2008 al 1 de junio de 2009. Un total de 116 niños (6-12 años) asisten al departamento de entrecerrares durante aproximadamente 8 meses. El estudio incluyó ambos sexos, eran niños de 55 años y niñas 61. Se sometieron a un examen ocular completo. Encontramos que (72) pacientes (62.02 %) tenían un error de refracción, incluyen: 33 pacientes (45.9 %) = hipermetropia (H); 22 pacientes (29.16%) = miopía [m]; 18 pacientes (24.3%) astigmatismo (AST.); 4 mixtos; 6 h-as. y 8 m-as. En conclusiones, la causa más frecuente del entrecerrar de la infancia a este ancho [6-12 años) es el error refractivo, mientras que las otras causas en su conjunto constituyen solo 1/3 de las causas, y el error de refracción más común es la hipermetropía

To determine the prevalence of refractive error (RE) as a cause in squinted in children in this aged (6-12 years) in Sulaimania city. The prevalence rate study among patient attending Shahed Dr. Aso eye hospital for the period from 1st October 2008 - 1st June 2009. A total of 116 children ( 6-12 years) attending squint department for about 8 months. The study included both sexes, were boys 55 and girls 61. Underwent full ocular examination. We found that (72) patients (62.02%) had refractive error, include: 33 patients (45.9 %) = Hypermetropia (H); 22 patients (29.16%) = Myopia [M]; 18 patients (24.3%) Astigmatism (Ast.); 4 mixed; 6 H-Ast. and 8 M-Ast. In conclusions, the most prevalent cause of childhood squint at this aged [6-12 years) is refractive error while the other causes as a whole constitute only 1/3 of the causes, and most common refractive error is hypermetropia

Choroidal thickness variation in highly myopic eyes during the water drinking test / Variação da espessura de coroide em olhos alto míopes durante o teste de sobrecarga hídrica

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate variations in choroidal thickness (CT) during the water drinking test (WDT) in emmetropic eyes (EE) and highly myopic eyes (ME) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: Clinical trial performed at a tertiary care hospital comprising 30 randomly selected eyes. The WDT and SD-OCT macular scans were performed 10 and 45 min after water ingestion in 15 myopic and 15 EE of 15 healthy patients in each group. Primary study outcomes were average macular CT measured by SD-OCT and intraocular pressure (IOP) during the WDT. Results: The mean spherical equivalent refraction was 0.15 ± 0.24 D in emmetropic and -7.1 ± 1.75 D in ME (p<0.001). No statistical differences between EE and ME were observed during the WDT response. EE had higher CT compared with ME at the fovea (361.4 ± 55.4 vs 257.9 ± 95.3; p<0.001), 3 mm nasal to the fovea (158.0 ± 71.8 vs 122.5 ± 54.5; p =0.047), and 3 mm temporally to the fovea (310.6 ± 52.4 vs 247.6 ± 90.1; p=0.05). Regarding CT variation, significant differences in foveal CT at 10 min after water ingestion were observed in both EE and ME, with no statistically significant difference observed between groups. A moderate correlation between IOP peak during the WDT and CT was demonstrated in ME (r=0.52; p=0.04). Conclusions: No statistically significant differences in CT variation during the WDT were observed between EE and ME, indicating similar behavior of the choroidal bed during the WDT in both groups. Further, CT was thinner in highly ME, with CT variation unable to explain elevations in IOP observed during the WDT.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a espessura de coroide (EC) e sua variação durante o teste de sobrecarga hídrica (TSH) em olhos emétropes (EE) e míopes (ME) utilizando a tomografia de coerência óptica Spectral-Domain (SD-OCT). Métodos: Ensaio clinico realizado em um hospital terciário. 30 olhos selecionados randomizadamente, 15 míopes e 15 emétropes de 15 pacientes em cada grupo foram submetidos ao TSH e scans maculares com SD-OCT realizados 10 e 45 minutos após a ingestão de água. Os principais resultados avaliados foram média da EC na região macular pelo SD-OCT e pressão intraocular (PIO) durante o TSH. Resultados: O equivalente esférico médio foi de 0.15 ± 0.24 dioptrias em emétropes e -7,1 ± 1,75 dioptrias nos olhos míopes (p<0,001). Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas durante a resposta ao TSH entre EE e ME. EE apresentaram maior EC em comparação com ME, tanto na região foveal (361,4 ± 55,4 vs 257,9 ± 95,3; p<0,001), 3 milímetros nasal à fóvea (158,0 ± 71,8 vs 122,5 ± 54,5; p=0,047) e 3 mm temporal à fóvea (310,6± 52.4 vs 247,6 ± 90,1; p=0,05). Em relação à variação da EC, diferenças estatisticamente significativas foram demonstrados na região foveal, 10 minutos após a ingestão de água em ambos EE e ME, sem diferenças entre os grupos. Moderada correlação entre pico de PIO durante o TSH e EC foi demonstrada em ME ( r=0,52; p=0,04). Conclusão: A diferença na variação da EC provocada pelo TSH não foi estatisticamente diferente entre olhos emétropes e míopes, o que sugere um comportamento semelhante da coroide nestes dois grupos quando submetidos ao TSH. Além disso, a EC é mais fina nos olhos alto míopes, e a variação na EC não explica o aumento da PIO durante o TSH.

Patologías frecuentes que presentan los trabajadores de la fábrica de cemento COBOCE Irpa Irpa con relación a las condiciones de trabajo, primer trimestre del año 2011 / Frequent pathologies workers have cement Irpa Irpa Coboce regarding working conditions, first quarter of 2011

La salud de los trabajadores es un derecho universal, como también lo es para el desarrollo económico. Tanto a nivel global como regional, las enfermedades laborales han ido en aumento, el riesgo de contraerlas es el peligro más frecuente que enfrentan los trabajadores en su fuente de trabajo.Un problema muy importante es la ausencia de datos reales y exactos sobre las enfermedades laborales relacionadas al trabajo. Es necesario que las empresas velen por la salud de los trabajadores, brindándoles condiciones adecuadas de trabajo. El presente trabajo busca identificar las enfermedades más frecuentes de los trabajadores de la fábrica de cemento COBOCE Irpa Irpa, la muestra fue representada por 120 trabajadores, a los cuales se les aplicó una entrevista. Los resultados del estudio reflejan que las patologías más frecuentes son: estrés, miopía y astigmatismo, lumbago, depresión, resfríos frecuentes y en porcentajes menores, hipoacusia y dermatitis entre otras, éstas están precedidas por sintomatología como ser: irritación de los ojos, disminución de la agudeza visual y auditiva, dolor de espalda, dificultad para respirar, tos e irritación en la piel

The relationship between eyeball structure and visual acuity in high myopia / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the relationship between eyeball structure and visual acuity in high myopia.@*METHODS@#Totally, 152 people (283 eyeballs) with different levels of myopia were tested for visual acuity, axial length, and fundus. All cases were classified according to diopter, axial length, and fundus. The relationships between diopter, axial length, fundus and visual acuity were studied. The mathematical models were established for visual acuity and eyeball structure markers.@*RESULTS@#The visual acuity showed a moderate correlation with fundus class, comus, axial length and diopter ([r] > 0.4, P < 0.000 1). The visual acuity in people with the axial length longer than 30.00 mm, diopter above -20.00 D and fundus in 4th class were mostly below 0.5. The mathematical models were established by visual acuity and eyeball structure markers.@*CONCLUSION@#The visual acuity should decline with axial length extension, diopter deepening and pathological deterioration of fundus. To detect the structure changes by combining different kinds of objective methods can help to assess and to judge the vision in high myopia.

Optical coherence tomographic findings in highly myopic eyes

Optical coherence tomography [OCT] had enhanced our understanding of changes in different ocular layers when axial myopia progresses and the globe is stretched. These findings consist of dehiscence of retinal layers known as retionoschisis, paravascularinner retinal cleavage, cysts and lamellar holes, peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitation, tractional internal limiting membrane detachment, macular holes [lamellar and full thickness], posterior retinal detachment, and choroidal neovascular membranes. In this review, recent observations regarding retinal changes in highly myopic eyes explored by OCT are described to highlight structural findings that cannot be diagnosed by simple ophthalmoscopy

Estudio del entotelio corneal en la corrección de alta miopía con lente intraocular fáquica Artisan / Study of the corneal endothelium in high myopia correction with Artisan phakic intraocular lens

Identificar los efectos sobre el endotelio corneal al implantar lentes intraoculares fáquicas Artisan en la corrección de la alta miopía en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer en el período de enero de 2006 a julio de 2007. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo. El universo estuvo constituido por 17 ojos, a los cuales se les implantó lente intraocular fáquica Artisan para la corrección de la alta miopía. La pérdida celular endotelial fue de 4,6 por ciento y no hubo variaciones significativas en el coeficiente de variación y la hexagonalidad. La pérdida celular endotelial fue baja al año de la cirugía. El coeficiente de variación y la hexagonalidad no mostraron cambios significativos.

To identify the effects on the corneal endothelium of Artisan phakic intraocular lens implantation for the high myopia correction at Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from January 2006 to July 2007. A prospective descriptive study was performed on 17 eyes which underwent Artisan phakic intraocular lens implantation for high myopia correction. Endotelial cell loss was 4,6 percent and no significant variations were found in variation coefficient and hexagonality. Endotelial cell loss was low after one year of surgery. The variation coefficient and hexagonality did not show any significant changes.

Eyeball structure changes in high myopic patients and their significance for forensic assessment / 法医学杂志

There are irreversible eyeball structural changes in high myopic patients. These changes include axial length, corneal radius, anterior chamber depth, fundus degeneration, macula thickness, etc. There is a close relationship between the damage degree of visual function and these changes. The incidence of complications, such as vitreous opacity, posterior vitreous detachment, cataract, glaucoma, posterior staphyloma and retina detachment, is also highly related to the myopia diopter. More and more researches have indicated that the myopia diopter and the level of visual function are affected by multiple factors. It is promising to detect all of these changes by different kinds of methods, and to assess visual function through these changes. By clarifying these changes, it is also useful to distinguish traumatic damage from disease to provide evidence for forensic assessment of eye injuries.

Repeatability of corneal parameters with Pentacam after laser in situ keratomileusis.

AIM: To investigate the coefficient of repeatability (CR) for corneal parameters evaluated with Pentacam after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in myopic eyes. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective, non-interventional, non-comparative study in an institutional setup. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty eyes of 40 consecutive subjects who had undergone LASIK for myopia were assessed with the Scheimpflug system (Pentacam 70700: Oculus, Wetzlar Germany). The mean of five consecutive measurements of all the corneal parameters was recorded and CR was calculated as standard deviation of the difference from the mean of these repeat measurements divided by the mean response. The statistical significance of the CR was calculated for these parameters at 5% significance level. RESULTS: The best CR was observed for the periphery of the anterior corneal curvature (0.18%) and the least for the horizontal meridian of the posterior corneal curvature (1.29%). Despite being significantly different ( P < 0.001), both the measurements were highly repeatable in post-LASIK eyes. The central, apical and minimal corneal thickness had a CR of 1%, 0.78% and 0.77% respectively. These were equally repeatable ( P> 0.323). The CR of the mean radius of curvature of the anterior cornea (0.29%) was significantly better ( P < 0.001) than the posterior corneal curvature (0.57%). CONCLUSION: The CR for the post-LASIK cornea with Pentacam was the best for the anterior corneal curvature. Significantly, Pentacam has a high degree of repeatability for the posterior corneal curvature, which has a potential for early detection of keratectasia in these eyes. Post-LASIK pachymetry with Pentacam also showed excellent repeatability.

Estudo do segmento anterior com a câmera rotatória de Scheimpflug em pacientes candidatos à cirurgia refrativa / Anterior ocular segment study with the Scheimpflug rotational camera in refractive surgery candidates

OBJETIVO: Analisar o segmento anterior com aparelho de câmera rotatória de Scheimpflug (Pentacam®) em candidatos à cirurgia refrativa, estabelecendo o padrão de variabilidade do volume corneano, do volume e da profundidade da câmara anterior e da paquimetria óptica nesta população. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 297 olhos (149 pacientes) que foram examinados com Pentacam®. Os pacientes foram divididos conforme o equivalente esférico em míopes (n=242 olhos) e hipermétropes (n=55 olhos) para analisar o volume corneano, o volume e a profundidade da câmara anterior e a paquimetria óptica. RESULTADOS: No grupo dos míopes, a média do volume corneano total foi de 59,37 ± 3,51 mm³; do volume nos 3 mm de 3,87 ± 0,23 mm³, nos 5 mm de 11,31 ± 0,67 mm³, e nos 7mm de 24,30 ± 1,43 mm³; do volume da câmara anterior 198,74 ± 32,40 mm³; da profundidade da câmara anterior 3,19 ± 0,28 mm e da paquimetria óptica 533,33 ± 33,47 mm. No grupo dos hipermétropes, a média do volume corneano total foi de 60,77 ± 3,31 mm³, do volume nos 3 mm de 4,01 ± 0,20 mm³, nos 5 mm de 11,73 ± 0,58 mm³, e nos 7 mm de 25,09 ± 1,21 mm³; do volume da câmara anterior 146,61 ± 32,86 mm³; da profundidade da câmara anterior 2,76 ± 0,38 mm e da paquimetria de 550,52 ± 29,49 mm. A diferença entre os grupos foi significativa para todas as variáveis (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Concluímos nesta amostra, por meio da análise pelo Pentacam®, que os olhos míopes apresentaram menor média de volume corneano e paquimetria óptica, e maior profundidade e volume de câmara anterior em relação aos hipermétropes.

PURPOSE: To analyze the anterior segment of refractive surgery candidates and establish the variability pattern in this population regarding corneal volume, anterior chamber volume and depth and corneal thickness, using the noncontact three dimensional analyzer Pentacam®. METHODS: A retrospective study of 297 eyes of 149 patients was conducted using Pentacam®. According to the spherical equivalent value two groups were created, myopia (n=242 eyes) and hyperopia (n=55 eyes), to analyze the variables of corneal volume, anterior chamber volume and depth and corneal thickness. RESULTS: The mean values of the myopia group were: corneal total volume 59.37 ± 3.51mm³, corneal volume at 3 mm 3.87 ± 0.23 mm³, at 5 mm 11.31 ± 0.67 mm³, and at 7 mm 24.30 ± 1.43 mm³, anterior chamber volume 198.74 ± 32.40 mm³, anterior chamber depth 3.19 ± 0.28 mm and corneal thickness 533.33 ± 33.47 mm. In the hyperopia group, the mean total corneal volume was 60.77 ± 3.31 mm³, corneal volume at 3 mm from the apex was 4.01 ± 0.20 mm³, at 5 mm was 11.73 ± 0.58 mm³, and at 7 mm was 25.09 ± 1.21 mm³, the anterior chamber volume was 146.61 ± 32.86 mm³, the anterior chamber depth was 2.76 ± 0.38 mm and the corneal thickness was 550.52 ± 29.49 mm. The difference between the groups was significant for all variables (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We observed in this study that patients with myopia had lesser mean corneal volume and pachymetry, and greater anterior chamber depth and volume compared with hyperopic patients.

Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurement following laser in situ keratomileusis using scanning laser polarimetry.

AIM: To evaluate the effect of laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) on the measurement of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness by scanning laser polarimetry using customized corneal compensation in myopes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Scanning laser polarimetry was performed on 54 eyes of 54 healthy patients with myopia using the glaucoma diagnostics variable corneal compensation (GDx VCC) instrument (Laser Diagnostic Technologies, San Diego, California) before and a week after LASIK. The various parameters were compared using the Student's t test. RESULTS: No statistically significant change was observed in any of the retinal nerve fiber layer parameters before and after LASIK. CONCLUSIONS: While the measurement of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness by scanning laser polarimetry is affected by anterior segment birefringent properties and LASIK would be expected to produce changes in the same, customized corneal compensation using the GDx VCC seems to adequately compensate for these changes.

Sustainability of Orthokeratology as Demonstrated by Corneal Topography

PURPOSE: To determine the sustaining effects of orthokeratology. METHODS: This study enrolled 58 eyes with moderate myopia. LK-DM lenses (Lucid Korea Dream Lens(TM)) were fitted daily for at least eight hours on an overnight regimen. The effects of orthokeratology and it's sustainability throughout the day were recorded twice; immediately after removal in the morning and eight hours later. Sustainability was measured by comparing the changes from morning to afternoon for best uncorrected visual acuity, apical corneal power, keratometric values, spherical equivalent and induced astigmatism. RESULTS: UCVA demonstrated improved values at all follow up periods. Fluctuations during the day stabilized after 4 weeks of lens wear. K values averaged a mean of 42.4 mm at baseline, and reduced to 40.9 mm by week 12. Unaided logMAR visual acuity changed from 0.94+/-0.14 at baseline to -0.11+/-0.17 by week 12. The sustainability of orthokeratology, defined as the difference between morning and afternoon values of unaided logMAR visual acuity, increased from -0.82 on day 1 to -0.11 on week 12. CONCLUSIONS: UCVA and spherical refractive error did not change to a significant degree after 4 weeks. Although statistically insignificant minute fluctuations during the day were observed up to week 12, these fluctuations decreased to a statistically significant level after week 4.

Sustainability of Orthokeratology as Demonstrated by Corneal Topography

PURPOSE: To determine the sustaining effects of orthokeratology. METHODS: This study enrolled 58 eyes with moderate myopia. LK-DM lenses (Lucid Korea Dream Lens(TM)) were fitted daily for at least eight hours on an overnight regimen. The effects of orthokeratology and it's sustainability throughout the day were recorded twice; immediately after removal in the morning and eight hours later. Sustainability was measured by comparing the changes from morning to afternoon for best uncorrected visual acuity, apical corneal power, keratometric values, spherical equivalent and induced astigmatism. RESULTS: UCVA demonstrated improved values at all follow up periods. Fluctuations during the day stabilized after 4 weeks of lens wear. K values averaged a mean of 42.4 mm at baseline, and reduced to 40.9 mm by week 12. Unaided logMAR visual acuity changed from 0.94+/-0.14 at baseline to -0.11+/-0.17 by week 12. The sustainability of orthokeratology, defined as the difference between morning and afternoon values of unaided logMAR visual acuity, increased from -0.82 on day 1 to -0.11 on week 12. CONCLUSIONS: UCVA and spherical refractive error did not change to a significant degree after 4 weeks. Although statistically insignificant minute fluctuations during the day were observed up to week 12, these fluctuations decreased to a statistically significant level after week 4.

Thickness Changes in the Fovea and Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Depend on the Degree of Myopia

PURPOSE: To investigate changes in the thickness of the fovea and peripapillary RNFL associated with myopia. METHODS: Sixty-five Korean adults (for a total of 130 eyes) between 23 and 26 years of age were selected as test subjects. Thirty-eight test subjects were male, and 27 were female. Subjects with glaucoma or other identified ocular diseases were excluded. Patients whose manifest refraction measurement values ranged between 0 to -2D were classified as group one (emmetropia and low myopia), those between -2 to -5D were classified as group two (moderate myopia), and those more than -5D were classified as group three (high myopia). Using the OCT, the thickness of the fovea and peripapillary RNFL were measured for every subject. RESULTS: The thicknesses of the fovea for each of three groups were 142.16+/-8.99 micrometer in group one (45 eyes), 153.58+/-17.63 micrometer in group two (43 eyes) and 158.86+/-11.93 micrometer in group three (28 eyes). The data showed significant differences in fovea thickness between the groups. The average thicknesses of the peripapillary RNFL for each of three groups were 113.29+/-10.80 micrometer in group one, 103.85+/-14.48 micrometer in group two and 100.74+/-9.15 micrometer in group three. A statistically significant difference was found between group one and the other groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: As the level of myopia increased, the thickness of the fovea also increased, while the thickness of the peripapillary RNFL decreased. Therefore, when interpreting OCT results in the clinic, careful consideration should be given to various changes associated with myopia.

Comparison of anterior chamber depth in healthy myopic Thai eye using Orbscan and ultrasound.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the anterior chamber depth (ACD) using ultrasonic and optical measurements. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In this prospective study, ultrasound and optical (Orbscan) devices were employed to measure ACD in 42 eyes of 21 myopic volunteers. ACD values were compared using the paired-sample Student t test. The correlation of ACD values obtained from two groups was assessed by linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The difference of mean ACD values between the ultrasound (3.02 +/- 0.37 mm) and Orbscan (3.56 +/- 0.42 mm) method was statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The optical measurement of ACD in healthy myopic Thai eyes is, on average, 0.54 mm greater than ultrasonic measurement; however, both methods posses a significant linear correlation.

Relationship between corneal thickness and level of myopia.

A retrospective study of 533 eyes, which underwent complete pre-operative evaluation for refractive surgery, was done. Regression Analysis was performed to find the correlation between corneal thickness and level of myopia and between corneal thickness and corneal curvature. There was statistically significant correlation between corneal thickness and level of myopia (p = 0.039) and also in corneal thickness and corneal curvature (p = 0.04). No clinical correlation was demonstrated (R2 = 0.014 and R2 = 0.0153, respectively). There was no clinical correlation between corneal thickness and level of myopia and also between corneal thickness and corneal curvature.

Prevalência de miopia em portadores de cicatrizes de retinocoroidite toxoplásmica congênita macular bilateral / Prevalence of myopia in bearers congenital toxoplasmic rtinochoroiditis scars macular bilateral

Com objetivo de analisar a existência de alteraçöes refracionais em portadores de cicatrizes de retinocoroidite toxoplásmica congênita macular bilateral e verificar se há maior prevalência de miopia nessa populaçäo, foram avaliados 96 pacientes entre 4 e 14 anos de idade (43 portadores) de cicatrizes de retinocoroidite macular e 53 pacientes pertencentes ao grupo controle, sem outras afecçöes oculares), na Seçäo de Visäo Subnormal e Ambulatório de Oftalmologia da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Säo Paulo, entre 1991 e 1992. Foi considerada a refraçäo estática objetiva, em equivalente-esférico. Miopia foi o erro refracional prevalente nos portadores de cicatrizes de retinocoroidite (81,4 por cento). No grupo controle a ocorrência de miopia foi de 20,7 por cento

Relación entre Maculopatía y Catarata en pacientes miopes elevados / Relation between maculopathy and cataract in high myopic patients

Se llevó a cabo una investigación de tipo clínico-epidemiológica para estudiar la relación existente entre maculopatía y catarata en pacientes con miopía elevada. Se elaboraron estadísticamente dos muestras para comparar los resultados: una constituida por pacientes miopes elevados y la otra por emétropes e hipermétropes. Se encontró que la maculopatía está presente en al menos la mitad de los miopes, que es directamente proporcional a la entidad de esta última y que hay un elevado grado de asociación entre los dos ojos por lo que respecta la presencia o ausencia de anomalías. Finalmente se puede decir que hay una relación tendencial entre maculopatía y gravedad de la catarata en pacientes miopes

Optic disc of the myopic eye: relationship between refractive errors and morphometric characteristics

Because the optic disc in myopic eyes is different from a normal optic disc, there are many difficulties in examining the optic discs of myopic eyes. To study optic disc change due to myopia, we performed a morphometrical study of stereophotographs of 61 men, 109 eyes, who had no glaucoma history. The range of refractive error was from +0.75 diopter to -12.75 diopter, and all subjects had intraocular pressure below or equal to 21 mmHg. According to the increase in the myopic degree, the temporal slope of the disc cup was significantly decreased, but the ratio of the vertical disc diameter (VDD) to the horizontal disc diameter and the ratio of the width of peripapillary atrophy (PPA) to the VDD were significantly increased. The above results suggests that in high myopia the optic disc was tilted and the rim-cup border was indistinct and there are some problems in the estimation of the morphometric parameters. Also in evaluation of the PPA of myopic glaucoma patients, there may be some difficulty in deciding whether it is due to myopic change or glaucomatous damage.

Lacquer Crack e Hemorragia subretiniana em míopes; um bom prognóstico visual / Lacquer Crack and subretinal hemorrhagy in nyopes; a good visual prognosis

Os autores descrevem a história natural de 3 pacientes míopes que apresentam episódios de hemorragia sub-retiniana macular associada a lacquer crack. Em nenhum deles se evidenciou a presença de neovascularizaçäo sub-retiniana. Chamam a atençäo para a begnidade da lesäo, bem como discutem esta alteraçäo patológica