Diversity and Ecology of Myxomycetes from Kütahya and Konya (Turkey) with Four New Records

In this study, we examined myxomycetes that developed in moist chamber cultures of substrata material collected from Kütahya and Konya provinces in Turkey. We collected bark samples from living trees, plant litter from the ground, standing dead wood or stumps, and downed and decayed wood or bark and placed them in the moist chamber cultures. We identified 36 species belonging to 12 genera of myxomycetes. The species determined are listed, and four new records, Didymium balearicum Ing, Macbrideola oblonga Pando & Lado, Paradiacheopsis erythropodia (Ing) Nann–Bremek. and Perichaena pedata (Lister & G. Lister) G. Lister, are added to the mycoflora of Turkey.

Microhabitats occupied by Myxomycetes in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Heliconiaceae inflorescences / Microhabitats ocupados por Myxomycetes na Floresta Atlântica Brasileira: inflorescências de Heliconiaceae

Abstract The occurrence of Myxomycetes in Heliconia psittacorum L.f. inflorescences was researched within four conservation units located in Northeast Brazil, aiming at evaluating the occupation of this microhabitat in fragments of Atlantic Forest along an altitude between 30-750 m. Inflorescences attached to the plant were examined; dead flowers and bracts were collected to assemble moist chambers (368). Four families, four genera and 10 species were recorded. A preference was evidenced for a basic pH substrate and a predominance of calcareous species (5:1). The composition of the myxobiota in fragments pertaining to altitudes above 400 m was similar and differed significantly from the one found in fragments of lowland forests (<100 m). Physarum compressum and Arcyria cinerea are the most characteristic species of the studied myxobiota.

Resumo A ocorrência de mixomicetos em inflorescências de Heliconia psittacorum L.f. foi pesquisada em quatro unidades de conservação situadas no Nordeste do Brasil, visando avaliar a ocupação deste microhabitat em fragmentos de Floresta Atlântica, numa faixa altitudinal de 30-750 m. Foram examinadas partes mortas de inflorescências ainda presas à planta; flores e brácteas mortas foram colhidas para montagem de câmaras-úmidas (368). Foram registrados quatro famílias, quatro gêneros e 10 espécies. Evidenciou-se preferência para substrato com pH básico e predominância de espécies calcárias (5:1). A composição da mixobiota nos fragmentos de altitudes acima de 400 m foi semelhante e diferiu significativamente da encontrada nos fragmentos de florestas de terras baixas (<100 m). Physarum compressum e Arcyria cinerea são as espécies mais características da mixobiota estudada.

Myxomycetes from mangroves: species occurring in the state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil / Myxomycetes em manguezais: espécies ocorrentes no estado do Maranhão, nordeste do Brasil

Abstract Mangrove swamps and forests cover over 137,000 km2 distributed latitudinally among subtropical zones, 7% of which are in Brazil, with a greater density in the country’s northernmost region. Considering that the community of Myxomycetes recorded for this environment is hardly known, three areas located in the state of Maranhão were investigated. Two field trips were conducted, one at the beginning of the rainy season and another during the dry season. In each area, two plots (125 m2) equidistant 100 m apart from each other were surveyed. In these areas, standing dead tree trunks and dead branches still attached to the mother plant that were above the tideline, were examined. On these same occasions, samples of the aerial litter and from the cortex of living trees (Rhizophora) were collected for the preparation of moist chambers cultures. Twenty-one specimens were obtained from field and moist chambers, belonging to 11 species, distributed in nine genera and five families. Seven species are new records from Maranhão. There was a predominance of r-strategist (73%) over K-strategist (27%) species. Cribraria violacea, Comatricha tenerrima, Echinostelium minutum, and Fuligo septica are new worldwide records from mangrove environments, and Oligonema flavidum is reported for the first time from Brazil.

Resumo Os manguezais ocupam mais de 137.000 km2, distribuídos latitudinalmente entre as zonas subtropicais e 7% encontra-se no Brasil, com maior densidade entre os estados do Pará e Maranhão, na região norte do país. Considerando que a comunidade de mixomicetos registrada para este ambiente é pouco conhecida, três áreas localizadas no estado do Maranhão foram investigadas. Duas excursões foram realizadas, uma no início da estação chuvosa e outra na estiagem. Em cada área, foram georeferenciadas e exploradas duas parcelas (125 m2) equidistantes 100 m uma da outra foram avaliadas. Nestas, foram explorados troncos mortos em pé e galhos mortos ainda presos à planta-mãe, acima da linha da maré. Nas mesmas ocasiões foram coletadas amostras de folhedo aéreo e córtex de árvores vivas (Rhizophora) para montagem de câmaras-úmidas. Foram obtidos 21 espécimes de campo e câmara-úmida, pertencentes a 11 espécies, distribuídas em nove gêneros e cinco famílias. Sete espécies são novos registros para o Maranhão. Predominaram espécies r-estrategistas (73%), e 27% K-estrategistas. Cribraria violacea, Comatricha tenerrima, Echinostelium minutum e Fuligo septica são novos registros para o ambiente de manguezal, e Oligonema flavidum é registrada pela primeira vez no Brasil.

Myxomycetes collection preserved in the herbarium of the Federal University of Roraima (Brazil) / Coleção de Myxomycetes conservada no herbário da Universidade Federal de Roraima

First records of myxomycetes in the North region of Brazil go back to the 19th century. Nevertheless, the myxobiota of this region is still largely unexplored, with only 42 species recorded, distributed in 20 genera and seven families. The objectives of this paper were to characterize the Myxomycetes collection of the Herbarium of the Federal University of Roraima (UFRR) and to add new records for the myxobiota of this State. The collection holds specimens collected in fragments of Open Ombrophilous Forest, Seasonal Semi-deciduous Forest, Riparian Forest, deforested areas and urban home gardens in the state of Roraima. The 157 exsiccates were analyzed and identified or redetermined based on identification keys, descriptions and illustrations. The collection is in good conditions of preservation and includes all subclasses of Myxomycetes, 83% of its orders, 50% of its families, and 20 species. Trichiales, with one family, three genera and six species, represents 62% of all exsiccates. Cribraria aff. splendens, Metatrichia vesparia, Physarella oblonga, Stemonaria longa and Stemonitis splendens are new records for Roraima and Arcyria obvelata, Comatricha pulchella, Stemonitis pallida and Stemonitopsis aequalis are referred for the first time in the Northern Region, enlarging the knowledge of the Brazilian geographic distribution of these species.

Os primeiros registros de mixomicetos na Região Norte do Brasil remontam ao Século XIX. Todavia, a mixobiota desta região está ainda muito pouco explorada, com apenas 42 espécies registradas, distribuídas em 20 gêneros e sete famílias. Os objetivos deste estudo foram caracterizar a coleção de Myxomycetes do Herbário da Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR) e adicionar novos registros para a mixobiota deste estado. A coleção contém espécimes coletados em fragmentos de Floresta Ombrófila Aberta, Floresta Estacional Semi-decidual, Mata Ciliar, áreas desmatadas e quintais urbanos no estado de Roraima. As 157 exsicatas foram analisadas e identificadas ou redeterminadas com base em chaves de identificação, descrições e ilustrações. A coleção encontra-se em boas condições de conservação e inclui todas as subclasses de Myxomycetes, 83% das ordens, 50% das famílias e 20 espécies. A ordem Trichiales, com uma família, três gêneros e seis espécies, corresponde a 62% das exsicatas. Cribraria aff. splendens, Metatrichia vesparia, Physarella oblonga, Stemonaria longa e Stemonitis splendens são novos registros para o estado de Roraima e Arcyria obvelata, Comatricha pulchella, Stemonitis pallida e Stemonitopsis aequalis são referidas pela primeira vez para a Região Norte, ampliando a distribuição geográfica conhecida para estas espécies no Brasil.

Occurrence of Fuligo gyrosa Causing Slime Mold of Oriental Melon

Recently, a severe slime mold infestation affected oriental melon plants in fields in Chilgok county, Gyeongbuk province, Korea. Specimens were collected from the fields and examined for identification. A species of Myxomycetes, Fuligo gyrosa, was identified based on its morphological characteristics. This is the first report that F. gyrosa causes slime mold of oriental melon.

Two Species of Myxomycetes Causing Slime Mold of Sweet Potato

Specimens collected from sweet potato plants with slime mold symptoms in fields in Daejeon, Korea were examined. Two species of Myxomycetes, Fuligo septica and Stemonitis herbatica were identified based on their morphological characteristics. This is the first report that the two species of Myxomycetes cause slime mold of sweet potato in Korea.

Hongos coprofílicos del Estado Zulia Venezuela: divisiones: myxomycota, zygomycota y basidiomycota / Coprophilous fungi of Zulia State Venezuela: divisions: myxomycota, zygomycota y basidiomycota

En estudio realizado durante 2001-2002 en 17 municipios del estado Zulia, Venezuela, se colectaron 250 muestras de heces de animales domésticos o salvajes en cautiverio o no, para detectar la presencia de hongos coprofílicos. Las muestras se incubaron por 7 a 14 días, a 24-28°C en cámara húmeda preparda con una cápsula de Petri que contenía papel filtro esterelizado. Los análisis macro y microscópicos aplicados a los hongos que crecieron en la cámara húmeda permitieron identificar 11 géneros y 15 especies pertenecientes a las diviciones Myxomycota, Zygomycota y Basidiomycota, tales como: Lycogala epidendrum, Pilobulos crystallinus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Mucor fragilis y Coprinus patouillardii. Se reportan por primera vez para el Zulia y Venezuela las especies: Physarum flavidum, Mortierella capitata, Mycotypha indica, Ellisomyces anomallus, Rhopalomyces elegans, Utharomyces epallocaullus, coprinus heptemerus, C. niveus, C. radiatus y C. estercoreus

Aerobiological Study for Airborne Plooern and Mold in Kuri-shi, Kyunggi-Do / 소아알레르기및호흡기학회지

In a large number of a1lergic cases, inhalant allergens, particularly airborne pollens and mo1ds am important causative, triggering agents in respiratory, even in skinanergy. It is essential for diagnosis and treatment of airborne allergy to survey the airborne pollen and mo1d in the patient's living area. Rotorod samp1er was installed on the well-ventilated rooftop of Hanyang Kuri Hospital in Kuri-shi, Kyunggi-do as the vicinity of Seoul. Airborne allergens were collected from October 1, 1995 to September 30, 1996 daily and were stained with Calberla`s fuchsin and were identified, counted under the light microscope (400Xfor pollen, 1000Xfor mold). The data were compared with the local daily weather report. The airborne pollen was found from 12th February to 22nd December. The maximal period for pollen collection was 7th-25th May (Maximal count:492 grains/ August. There were Alnus, Betula, Pinus, Quercus, Acer, Ulmus, PopuluS, Cupressaceae, Ginkgo, Corylus, Salk in the tree season from middle of February to middle of July. The grass season ranged from middle of March to end of November. There were Artemisia, Ambrosia, HumuluS, Chenopodium-Amaranthus, rumex, Plantago, Trifoium, Humulus, Chrysanthemum, Cyperus in the weed season ranged from middle of July to end of December. Airborne molds were collected all through the year except JanuaIgamma but, counted maximally from the middle of June to end l August. There were CladosPorium, Alternaria, ascospore of Leptospheria, Periconia, Myxomycete, Drechs1era, Rust urediniospores, Basidiospore, ToruIa, Xylariaceae, IOidimn, Nigrospom, Stempi1y1ium, Amphispheda, Fusarium, Aspergil1us. In Korea, there are great number of the allergic patients, but we have had a little records and data about study of relationship between the allergic diseases and airborne environmental allergens. we will reported those results completely in future.

Myxomycetes ocorrentes nos brejos de Pernambuco (Brasil) / Myxomycetes in ligrophilic areas (\"Brejos\") in Pernambuco (Brazil)

La presencia de 21 especies de Myxomycetes fue estudiada en 5 zonas "brejos" en el estado de Pernambuco, incluídos en los siguientes órdenes: Liceales, Trichiales, Physarales y Stemonitales. Los "brejos", presentan un conjunto de condiciones especiales, altitud (600-1056 m), alta pluviosidad, humedad (suelo-aire) y cobertura vegetal, condiciones que hacen del lugar un área higrófila dentro de regiones semi-áreas

Revisao de myxomycetes ocorrentes em cana-de-acucar (saccharum SPP.) em Brasil / Myxomycetes in sugar cane (saccharum spp. in Brazil)

Mediante la revisión de la literatura especializada se constató que la presencia de 33 especies de MYXOMYCETES en caña de azucar (Saccharum spp.) en Brasil; las especies fueron encontradas en cañaveral y en bagazo de caña para fines industriales. Fuligo séptica (Link) Wiggers, Craterium leucocephalum (persoon) Ditmar y Lycogala epidendrum (L.) Fries son las especies más frecuentemente encontrados en este substrato

Dermatomicosis: experiencia en 1984 incluyendo casos de etiología mixta y por mohos ambientales

En 1984 se comprobaron, en dos laboratorios, 724 casos de dermatomicosis; las más frecuentes fueron las dermatofitosis seguidas por las candidosis y la pitiriasis; hubo 23 pacientes con infección mixta y 21 cuyas lesiones eran causadas por mohos ambientales. Se hace notar, en comparación con trabajos previos, la disminución en el porcentaje de casos de Tinea corporis y Tinea capitis y el aumento en el Tinea pedis y Tinea Ungeum. Los pacientes con lesiones de etiología mixta o por mohos ambientales no difirieron cliníca ni micológicamente de los informados previamente en la misma ciudad. Se hace énfasis en la conveniencia de refinar el diagnóstico clínico a fin de disminuir el costo de exámenes innecesarios. Igualmente en la importancia de un diagnóstico micológico cabal que permita detectar los varios agentes de las infecciones mixtas; es concebible que las infecciones debidas a mohos ambientales sean oportunistas que aprovechan circunstancias del huésped aún mal definidas

Biosynthesis of galactosidase by mortierella vinacea in shake flasks

Biosynthesis of alpha-galactosidase by Mortierella vinacea was studied in shake flasks. Of all carbon sources used, the enzymic activity was maximum in the presence of raffinose, lactose or galactose. Most of the enzymic activity remained intracellular, negligible amount of alpha-galactosidase was found in the culture filtrate when raffinose or lactose used as carbon sources. Effect of nitrogen source on mycelial dry weight and enzyme synthesis was also investigated. The mycelial formation was maximum in the presence of sulphite waste liqour and peptone and it was greatly affected in the presence of casein, casein hydrolyzate, tryptone or inorganic nitrogen source. The enzymic activity, however, was maximum in the control cultures containing corn steep liqour. alpha-Galactosidase production was also investigated by solid substrate fermentation using wheat bran, rape seed meal, soybean meal or defatted rice bran in one litre conical flasks. The enzyme formation was maximum in the presence of soybean meal and it decreased in the order of wheat bran or rape seed meal but invertase, an underirable enzyme in this fermentation, was also formed