Consumo de mono, di, oligo sacáridos y polioles fermentables (FODMAPs), una nueva fuente de sintomatología gastrointestinal / Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPS)

An increasing number of children and adults are currently suffering symptoms due to FODMAP (Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides and Polyols) consumption. These carbohydrates are poorly digested in the human gastrointestinal tract, exerting an osmotic effect in the small intestine. In the colon, they become substrates to the microbiota. Microbial fermentation explains symptoms such as abdominal distention (postprandial fullness), bloating and flatulence, abdominal pain and loose feces or diarrhea. There are no standardized methods to measure them in daily clinical work. Daily tolerance and the no-effect doses are unclear. How to diagnose and treat FODMAP associated symptoms is also controversial. In this review, we aim to define FODMAP, their associated symptoms and the current techniques for assessing them. The low-FODMAP diet is described and how to implement it.

Dieta baja en FODMAP en el síndrome de intestino irritable / Low FODMAP diet in irritable bowel disease

La dieta baja en FODMAP ha mostrado ser una herramienta eficaz en el manejo de los síntomas del Síndrome de Intestino Irritable (SII). Los estudios recientes aleatorizados, controlados y prospectivos apoyan el uso de esta dieta como parte del tratamiento de esta patología. Los mecanismos mediante los que la dieta baja en FODMAP alivia los síntomas son variados y se relacionan con la fisiopatología del SII. Esta dieta puede generar cambios en la flora intestinal, efecto que aún no ha sido ampliamente estudiado.

The low FODMAP diet has been shown to be an efficacious therapy for reduction of functional gastrointestinal symptoms seen in Irritable Bowel Disease (IBS). Recent publications provide randomized controlled trial and prospective evidence in support of the diet for symptom management. The mecanisms of the low FODMAP diet to relief sympotms are assorted and in realtionship with the physiopathology of IBS. This diet can turno n changes in microbiota. This effect has not be completely understood. Further research to determine the potential health implications and microbiotal effect is required.