Floral and reproductive biology and pollinators of Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg., neglected species

Studies on the Myrtaceae family are mainly distributed in floristic surveys, reproductive studies of plant communities or related to family taxonomy. Based on this, the objective of the present study was to elucidate aspects of floral and reproductive biology and, of floral visitors from Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg., a neglected species. Information was obtained on floral morphology and morphometry, anthesis, nectary, and structures attractive to pollinators, characterization of pollinators, receptiveness of stigma and maturing of the androecium components, and characterization of the reproductive system. Sete-capote tree has hermaphrodite flowers, and the floral opening occurs mainly during the daytime. Pollen grains was the main resource offered to pollinators. The flowers had mellow sweet odor, attracting mainly native bees and Apis melifera, which was characterized as effective pollinators. The species presents high reproductive efficiency and could be considered self-compatible; however, fertilization also occurs by cross-pollination.

Embryogenic potential of the callus of gabirobeira, Campomanesia adamantium(Cambess) O. Berg

Campomanesia adamantiumis a native plant species of Brazilian Cerrado with diverse economic potential and great medicinal importance. Its sexual propagation is impaired by the recalcitrance of its seeds, which prevents effective and profitable propagation. With the purpose of establishing commercial crops and minimizing the extractive use of vegetal resources, the aim of the present study was to induce embryogenic calli in nodal segments of gabirobeira, and to determine and characterize their embryogenic phase through the establishment of a growth curve based on cellular characteristics. Calli were induced using nodal segments inoculated in WPM culture medium without the addition of hormones (control) and with different concentrations of 2,4-D, IAA, IBA, NAA or picloram. Cytochemical and SEM analyses revealed cellular characteristics of the formation of meristematic centers that indicated 4.14 μM of picloram to be the best treatment for induction of embryogenic calli, and demonstrating their embryogenic potential. The treatment was used to establish a callus growth curve, from which it was inferred that calli should be transferred to new culture media on the 28thday to maintain cell viability.

Efeito dos ácidos naftaleno acético e indolilbutírico no enraizamento de estacas de jambolão [Syzygium cumini (L. ) Skeels] / Effect of naphthaleneacetic acid and indolebutyric acid on rooting of jambul [Syzygium cumini (L. ) Skeels] cuttings

O jambolão propaga-se normalmente por sementes o que acarreta variabilidade nas plantas descendentes e um problema quando o objetivo é a formação de pomar comercial. O desenvolvimento de protocolo de propagação vegetativa por meio da estaquia possibilitaria a reprodução de todas as características da planta matriz, uniformidade nas populações e facilidade de propagação. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito dos ácidos naftaleno acético (ANA) e indolilbutírico (AIB) no enraizamento de estacas de jambolão. Estacas da região mediana dos ramos foram confeccionadas com 12 cm de comprimento, cortadas em bisel na base e reto acima da última gema axilar, mantendo-se um par de folhas reduzidas à metade. As bases das estacas foram imersas por 10 segundos em soluções aquosas contendo ANA ou AIB nas concentrações de 0, 500, 1.000 e 1.500 mg L-1. Para o plantio foram utilizadas bandejas plásticas contendo areia de granulometria média. As estacas foram mantidas em casa-de-vegetação com nebulização intermitente e após 120 dias do plantio, foram avaliadas as variáveis: porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, com calos, vivas (não enraizadas e sem calos) e mortas, comprimento das três maiores raízes (cm) e número de raízes formadas por estaca. Os melhores resultados de enraizamento foram verificados com 1.000 mg L-1 para ambos os fitorreguladores testados. A porcentagem de enraizamento foi ligeiramente superior com a utilização de ANA quando comparada ao AIB.

Jambul usually propagates by seeds, which causes variability in the descendant plants and represents a problem in the formation of commercial orchards. The development of a protocol for vegetative propagation by cuttings would enable the reproduction of all features of the Mother plant, uniformity in populations and easy propagation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and indolebutyric acid (IBA) on rooting of jambul cuttings. Twelve-cm-long cuttings from the median region of branches were prepared through bevel cut in the base and right cut above the last axillary bud, keeping one pair of halved leaves. Cutting bases were immersed for 10s in aqueous solutions containing NAA or IBA at 0, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg L-1 concentrations. Plastic trays containing medium sand were used in the planting. The cuttings were kept in a greenhouse under intermittent nebulization and, at 120 days after planting, the following variables were evaluated: percentage of rooted, with calluses, alive (not-rooted and without calluses) and dead cuttings; length of the three largest roots (cm); and number of roots per cutting. The best rooting was observed by using 1000 mg L-1 of both tested plant growth regulators. Rooting percentage was slightly higher under NAA relative to IBA.