Resección duodenal distal: análisis de nuestra experiencia con una cirugía infrecuente / Distal duodenal resection: analysis of our experience with infrequent surgery

Resumen Introducción: La resección duodenal distal (RDD) es una técnica quirúrgica compleja e infrecuente usada para el tratamiento de patologías duodenales o extraduodenales, que no comprometen la papila duodenal mayor, siendo su indicación más frecuente la patología neoplásica. Objetivo: Dar a conocer nuestra experiencia con esta técnica quirúrgica. Materiales y Método: Serie de pacientes sometidos a RDD entre 2009-2020 en el Hospital Clínico UC. Resultados: Total 12 pacientes, mediana de edad 56 años. Diagnóstico preoperatorio: tumores primarios duodenales (4), tumores con compromiso duodenal por contigüidad (5) y patologías de urgencia (3). El abordaje fue abierto en 9 pacientes y laparoscópico en 3 (1 caso convertido). En 9 pacientes se resecó D3-D4, en 1 paciente incluyó parte de D2 y en 2, sólo D4. La anastomosis duodenoyeyunal fue manual en 10 casos, todas con ascenso transmesocólico del asa yeyunal. Hubo 33% (n: 4) de morbilidad, todos Clavien Dindo II y 8% de mortalidad (n: 1). No hubo filtración de la anastomosis duodenoyeyunal. En el seguimiento ninguno presentó complicaciones y 4 pacientes fallecieron por progresión oncológica. Conclusión: La principal indicación quirúrgica fue patología neoplásica y en nuestra serie no hubo morbilidad mayor ni filtración anastomótica.

Introduction: Distal duodenal resection is a complex and infrequent surgical technique used for the treatment of duodenal or extraduodenal pathologies that do not compromise the greater duodenal papilla, the most frequent indication being the neoplastic cause. Aim: To publicize our experience with this surgical technique. Materials and Method: Series of patients undergoing a distal duodenal resection between 2009-2020 at the UC Clinical Hospital. Results: Total 12 patients, median age 56 years. Preoperative diagnosis: primary duodenal tumors (4), tumors with duodenal involvement due to contiguity (5), and emergency pathologies (3). The approach was open in 9 patients and laparoscopic in 3 (1 converted). D3-D4 was resected in 10 patients, 1 included part of D2 and 2 only D4. The duodenojejunal anastomosis was manual in 10 cases, all with transmesocolic ascending of the jejunal loop. There were 33% (n: 4) morbidity, all Clavien Dindo II, and 8% mortality (n: 1). There was no leakage of the duodenojejunal anastomosis. During followup, none presented complications and 4 patients died of oncological progression. Conclusion: The main surgical indication was neoplastic pathology and in our series, there was no major morbidity or anastomotic leak.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy: impact of the technique on operative outcomes and surgical mortality / Duodenopancreatectomia: impacto da técnica nos resultados operatórios e mortalidade cirúrgica

ABSTRACT Background: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a procedure associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Initially described as gastropancreaticoduodenectomy (GPD), the possibility of preservation of the gastric antrum and pylorus was described in the 1970s. Aim: To evaluate the mortality and operative variables of PD with or without pyloric preservation and to correlate them with the adopted technique and surgical indication. Method: Retrospective cohort on data analysis of medical records of individuals who underwent PD from 2012 through 2017. Demographic, anthropometric and operative variables were analyzed and correlated with the adopted technique (GPD vs. PD) and the surgical indication. Results: Of the 87 individuals evaluated, 38 (43.7%) underwent GPD and 49 (53.3%) were submitted to PD. The frequency of GPD (62.5%) was significantly higher among patients with pancreatic neoplasia (p=0.04). The hospital stay was significantly shorter among the individuals submitted to resection due to neoplasias of less aggressive behavior (p=0.04). Surgical mortality was 10.3%, with no difference between GPD and PD. Mortality was significantly higher among individuals undergoing resection for chronic pancreatitis (p=0.001). Conclusion: There were no differences in mortality, surgical time, bleeding or hospitalization time between GPD and PD. Pancreas head neoplasm was associated with a higher indication of GPD. Resection of less aggressive neoplasms was associated with lower morbidity and mortality.

RESUMO Racional : A duodenopancreatectomia (DP) é procedimento associado com significativa morbimortalidade. Inicialmente descrita como gastroduodenopancreatectomia (GDP), a possibilidade de preservação do antro gástrico e piloro foi descrita na década de 1970. Objetivo : Avaliar a mortalidade e variáveis operatórias da DP com ou sem preservação pilórica e correlacioná-las com a técnica adotada e indicação cirúrgica. Método: Estudo de coorte histórica, baseado em análise de dados de registros médicos de indivíduos submetidos à DP entre os anos de 2012 a 2017. Foram analisadas variáveis demográficas, antropométricas e operatórias e correlacionadas com a técnica adotada (GDP vs. DP) e a indicação cirúrgica. Resultados : Dos 87 indivíduos avaliados, 38 (43,7%) foram submetidos à GDP e 49 (53,3%) à DP. A frequência de realização da GDP (62,5%) foi significativamente maior entre os pacientes com neoplasia de pâncreas (p=0,04). O tempo de internação total foi significativamente menor entre os indivíduos submetidos à ressecção por neoplasias de comportamento menos agressivo (p=0,04). A mortalidade cirúrgica foi de 10,3%, não havendo diferença entre GDP e DP. A mortalidade foi significativamente maior entre os indivíduos submetidos à ressecção por pancreatite crônica (p=0,001). Conclusão : Não houve diferenças na morbimortalidade, tempo cirúrgico, sangramento ou tempo de internação entre GDP e DP. A neoplasia de cabeça de pâncreas associou-se mais com indicação de GDP. A ressecção de neoplasias menos agressivas associou-se a menor morbimortalidade.

The largest western experience with hepatopancreatoduodenectomy: lessons learned with 35 cases / A maior experiência ocidental com hepatopancreatoduodenectomia: lições aprendidas com 35 casos

Background : Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy is one of the most complex abdominal operations mainly indicated in advanced biliary carcinoma. Aim : To present 10-year experience performing this operation in advanced malignant tumors. Methods : This is a retrospective descriptive study. From 2004 to 2014, 35 hepatopancreatoduodenectomies were performed in three different institutions. The most common indication was advanced biliary carcinoma in 24 patients (68.5%). Results: Eighteen patients had gallbladder cancer, eight Klatskin tumors, five neuroendocrine tumors with liver metastasis, one colorectal metastasis invading the pancreatic head, one intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with liver metastasis, one gastric cancer recurrence with liver involvement and one ocular melanoma with pancreatic head and right liver lobe metastasis. All patients were submitted to pancreatoduodenectomy with a liver resection as follows: eight right trisectionectomies, five right lobectomies, four left lobectomies, 18 central lobectomies (IVb, V and VIII). The overall mortality was 34.2% (12/35) and the overall morbidity rate was 97.4%. Conclusion : Very high mortality is seen when major liver resection is performed with pancreatoduodenectomy, including right lobectomy and trisectionectomy. Liver failure in combination with a pancreatic leak is invariably lethal. Efforts to ensure a remnant liver over 40-50% of the total liver volume are the key to obtain patient survival.

Racional : Hepatoduodenopancreatectomia é uma das operações abdominais mais complexas indicadas principalmente no carcinoma biliar avançado. Objetivo : Apresentar experiência de 10 anos executando esta operação em tumores malignos avançados. Métodos : Trata-se de estudo descritivo e retrospectivo. De 2004 a 2014, 35 hepatopancreatoduodenectomias foram realizadas em três diferentes instituições. A indicação mais comum foi carcinoma biliar avançado em 24 pacientes (68,5%). Resultados : Dezoito tinham câncer de vesícula biliar, oito tumores de Klatskin, cinco tumores neuroendócrinos com metástase hepática, uma metástase colorretal invadindo a cabeça do pâncreas, uma neoplasia mucinosa papilar intraductal com metástase hepática, uma recorrência do câncer gástrico com comprometimento hepático e um melanoma ocular com metástase na cabeça do pâncreas e no lobo direito do fígado. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a duodenopancreatectomia com ressecção hepática da seguinte forma: oito triseccionectomias direitas, cinco lobectomias direitas, quatro lobectomias esquerdas, e 18 lobectomias centrais (IVb, V e VIII). A mortalidade global foi de 34,2% (12/35) e a taxa de morbidade global foi de 97,4%. Conclusão : Alta mortalidade é vista quando grande ressecção hepática é realizada junto à duodenopancreatectomia, incluindo lobectomia e triseccionectomia direita. Insuficiência hepática em combinação com deiscência do pâncreas é invariavelmente letal. Esforços para garantir fígado remanescente em 40-50% do volume total são a chave para obter sobrevida.

Endoscopic versus surgical treatment of ampullary adenomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The aim of this study is to address the outcomes of endoscopic resection compared with surgery in the treatment of ampullary adenomas. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. For this purpose, the Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scopus and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases were scanned. Studies included patients with ampullary adenomas and data considering endoscopic treatment compared with surgery. The entire analysis was based on a fixed-effects model. Five retrospective cohort studies were selected (466 patients). All five studies (466 patients) had complete primary resection data available and showed a difference that favored surgical treatment (risk difference [RD] = -0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.44 to -0.04). Primary success data were identified in all five studies as well. Analysis showed that the surgical approach outperformed endoscopic treatment for this outcome (RD = -0.37, 95% CI = -0.50 to -0.24). Recurrence data were found in all studies (466 patients), with a benefit indicated for surgical treatment (RD = 0.10, 95% CI = -0.01 to 0.19). Three studies (252 patients) presented complication data, but analysis showed no difference between the approaches for this parameter (RD = -0.15, 95% CI = -0.53 to 0.23). Considering complete primary resection, primary success and recurrence outcomes, the surgical approach achieves significantly better results. Regarding complication data, this systematic review concludes that rates are not significantly different.

Most small bowel cancers are revealed by a complication / A maioria dos cânceres de intestino delgado são revelados por uma complicação

ABSTRACT Objective To characterize the pattern of primary small bowel cancers in a tertiary East-European hospital. Methods A retrospective study of patients with small bowel cancers admitted to a tertiary emergency center, over the past 15 years. Results There were 57 patients with small bowel cancer, representing 0.039% of admissions and 0.059% of laparotomies. There were 37 (64.9%) men, mean age of 58 years; and 72 years for females. Out of 57 patients, 48 (84.2%) were admitted due to an emergency situation: obstruction in 21 (38.9%), perforation in 17 (31.5%), upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 8 (14.8%), and lower gastrointestinal bleeding in 2 (3.7%). There were 10 (17.5%) duodenal tumors, 21 (36.8%) jejunal tumors and 26 (45.6%) ileal tumors. The most frequent neoplasms were gastrointestinal stromal tumor in 24 patients (42.1%), adenocarcinoma in 19 (33.3%), lymphoma in 8 (14%), and carcinoids in 2 (3.5%). The prevalence of duodenal adenocarcinoma was 14.55 times greater than that of the small bowel, and the prevalence of duodenal stromal tumors was 1.818 time greater than that of the small bowel. Obstruction was the complication in adenocarcinoma in 57.9% of cases, and perforation was the major local complication (47.8%) in stromal tumors. Conclusion Primary small bowel cancers are usually diagnosed at advanced stages, and revealed by a local complication of the tumor. Their surgical management in emergency setting is associated to significant morbidity and mortality rates.

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar o padrão de neoplasias malignas primárias do intestino delgado em um hospital terciário de Leste Europeu. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com câncer de intestino delgado, internados em um hospital terciário e de emergência, ao longo dos últimos 15 anos. Resultados Foram avaliados 57 pacientes com neoplasias malignas gastrintestinais, o que representou 0,039% das admissões e 0,059% das laparotomias realizadas. Total de 37 (64,9%) pacientes masculinos, média de idade de 58 anos, e de 72 anos para mulheres. Dentre os 57 pacientes, 48 (84,2%) foram internados em situação de emergência: obstrução intestinal em 21 (38,9%), perfuração em 17 (31,5%), hemorragia digestiva alta em 8 (14,8%), e hemorragia digestiva baixa em 2 (3,7%). Houve 10 (17,5%) tumores duodenais, 21 (36,8%) jejunais e 26 (45,6%) ileais. As neoplasias mais frequentes foram tumor estromal gastrintestinal, em 24 (42,1%) pacientes, adenocarcinoma em 19 (33,3%), linfoma em 8 (14%) e carcinoides em 2 (3,5%). A prevalência de adenocarcinoma duodenal foi 14,55 vezes maior do que a do intestino delgado, e a prevalência de tumores estromais duodenais foi 1,818 vez maior do que a do intestino delgado. A obstrução intestinal foi complicação do adenocarcinoma em 57,9% dos casos, e a perfuração foi a principal complicação local (47,8%) dos tumores estromais. Conclusão As neoplasias malignas primárias do intestino delgado foram geralmente diagnosticadas em estado avançado e reveladas por uma complicação local do tumor. O tratamento cirúrgico em situação de emergência está associado à significativa morbimortalidade.

La "cultura de la sobrevivencia" y la salud pública internacional en América Latina: la Guerra Fría y la erradicación de enfermedades a mediados del siglo XX / The "culture of survival" and international public health in Latin America: the Cold War and the eradication of diseases in the mid-twentieth century

Este artículo analiza las principales campañas promovidas por agencias internacionales y organismos nacionales de salud dirigidas a erradicar enfermedad infecciosas en el ámbito rural latinoamericano de los años 1940 y 1950. Las dimensiones políticas del periodo han sido estudiadas pero todavía se ha prestado poca atención a sus dimensiones sanitarias. Este trabajo propone el concepto de "cultura de la sobrevivencia" para explicar los problemas de la salud pública oficial de Estados con políticas sociales limitadas que no permitieron el ejercicio de la ciudadanía. La salud pública, como parte de esta cultura de la sobrevivencia, buscaba ser una solución temporal sin enfrentarse a los problemas sociales que originaban las infecciones y dejó un legado en la salud pública de la región.

This article analyzes the main campaigns run by international agencies and national health bodies to eradicate infectious diseases in rural Latin America in the 1940s and 1950s. The political dimensions of the period have been studied but there has been little attention as yet to the health dimensions. This article proposes the concept of a "culture of survival" to explain the official public health problems of states with limited social policies that did not allow the exercise of citizenship. Public health, as part of this culture of survival, sought a temporary solution without confronting the social problems that led to infections and left a public health legacy in the region.

Tumor del estroma gastrointestinal de duodeno / Duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST)

Los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal, son tumores mesenquimales, fusiformes o epitelioides, primarios del tracto digestivo, que comparten similitudes inmunofenotípicas con las células intersticiales de Cajal, localizadas alrededor del plexo mientérico. El pronóstico presenta cierta asociación con la localización anatómica, con tendencia a ser de mayor malignidad los localizados en intestino delgado. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 54 años con un tumor del estroma gastrointestinal de 2da. porción de duodeno, operado con buena evolución después de 6 meses(AU)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are primary mesenchymal, either fusiform or epitheloid, tumors of the digestive tract that have immune phenotypic similarities to Cajal's cells located around the myenteric plexus. Prognosis is associated to certain extent to the anatomic location, being more malignant those located in the small bowel as a general tendency. Here is the case of a 54 years-old man with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor on the second portion of the duodenum; he was operated on and after six months, his progress is satisfactory(AU)

Adenocarcinoma primario de duodeno: reporte de una neoplasia infrecuente / Primary duodenal adenocarcinoma: case report of an infrequent tumor

Introducción: el adenocarcinoma primario de duodeno es una neoplasia infrecuente en nuestro medio y a nivel mundial. No existen evidencias concluyentes sobre su epidemiologia, diagnóstico, tratamiento ni pronóstico. Caso clínico: presentamos el caso de una paciente de 77 años de raza mestiza, procedente de Cusco (Perú) que consulta por dolor abdominal, pérdida de peso, náuseas, vómitos postprandiales y sensación de llenura precoz de tres meses de evolución. Al momento del examen se encuentra con desnutrición calórica proteica de segundo a tercer grado con índice de masa corporal de 16,88 kg/m2, signos de anemia crónica moderada a severa y una tumoración abdominal de 8 cm en epigastrio e hipocondrio derecho. La tomografía espiral multicorte de abdomen y ecografía revelaron la presencia de un tumor sólido en la segunda porción de duodeno. Recibió una gastroenteroanastomosis sin resección del tumor y toma de biopsia, la cual confirmó un adenocarcinoma tubular. Además se verificó ausencia de tumor primario en estómago, páncreas, vías biliares y colon. Con tales diagnósticos la paciente fue estabilizada y se inició quimioterapia con 5-fluorouracilo, irinotecan y leucovorina. Revisión de literatura: presentamos una breve revisión sobre el diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico para su análisis y discusión. Discusión: el manejo de esta enfermedad no es sencillo. La escasa la literatura deja mucho del manejo a criterio del médico sobre lo más adecuado para el paciente. Consideramos que todo caso de una enfermedad infrecuente debe ser estudiado a profundidad, dar origen a una revisión meticulosa de la bibliografía y, por sobre todo, debe ser reportado para su conocimiento por la comunidad médica.

Introduction. Primary duodenal adenocarcinoma is an infrequent tumor both in our environment and in the world. There is no conclusive evidence on its epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, treatment or prognosis. Clinical case. We report a 77 year-old female patient, of mixed racial origin, native of Cusco (Peru) who consulted for abdominal pain, weight loss, nausea, postprandial vomiting and bloating of three months course. At the time of examination she had second to third degree protein malnutrition with a BMI of 16.88 kg/m2, signs of moderate to severe chronic anemia and an 8 cm abdominal tumor in the epigastrium and right hypochondrium. The multislice spiral abdominal CT and ultrasonography revealed the presence of a solid tumor in the second portion of the duodenum. The patient was submitted to a gastroenterostomy without tumor resection. Biopsy confirmed tubular adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, no other primary tumors were found in the stomach, pancreas, biliary tree and colon. The patient was stabilized and was treated with 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan and leucovorin. Literature review. The article includes a brief review on the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of this condition. Discussion. Management is not straightforward. There is little literature on the subject leaving decisions up to the attending physician’s criteria. We believe that all cases of rare diseases should be studied in depth, give rise to a thorough review of literature and, above all, be brought to the attention of the medical community.

Carcinoid tumor of the duodenum

ContextDuodenal carcinoids are extremely rare, and their characteristics and biological behavior have not been fully elucidated.ObjectiveTo analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with resected duodenal carcinoids.MethodsTwenty patients (12 females and 8 males) were investigated. Their average age was 66.4 ± 5.8 years old (43 to 88 years old). The data corresponding to the clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with duodenal carcinoid tumors subjected to resection over a period of 18 years (1993-2011) were analyzed.ResultsThe most common symptoms were dyspepsia (50%) and epigastric pain (45%) followed by weight loss (10%) and vomiting (5%). Carcinoid syndrome was not observed in any patient. The lesion was located on the first part of the duodenum in 15 (75%) patients, the second part in 4 (20%) patients, and the third part in 1 (5%) patient. The diagnosis of a carcinoid tumor was established through an endoscopic excision biopsy in 19 (95%) patients and an histopathological examination of the surgical specimen in 1 (5%) patient. The average tumor size was 1.1 cm ± 0.4 cm (0.3 cm to 6.0 cm). Nineteen (95%) patients were initially treated by endoscopic resection of the duodenal lesion. One patient (5%), whose tumor was on the third part of the duodenum underwent a duodenectomy of the third and fourth duodenal parts and duodenojejunal anastomosis. The duodenal carcinoid resection margin was involved in four (20%) patients. Four (20%) patients were subjected to a partial gastrectomy to fully remove the lesion. The tumor was restricted to the submucosal layer in 16 (80%) cases, and it penetrated into the muscular layer in 4 (20%) cases. All patients exhibited positive chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase, and/or synaptophysin immunostaining. The average duration of the follow-up period was 39.6 months (3 to 96 months). Twelve (60%) of the 20 cases in this series are alive without any evidence of active disease. Only one (5%) patient died due to liver metastases of the duodenal carcinoid.ConclusionsDuodenal carcinoids are rare and indolent tumors usually associated with a benign progression. Duodenoscopy, computerized tomography, and endoscopic ultrasound should be performed to evaluate the tumor size, the level of wall invasion, and the presence of regional or distant lymphatic metastases. Endoscopic removal of tumors smaller than 1.0 cm without periampullary localization or evidence of muscular propria layer invasion assessed by histology and/or endoscopic ultrasound is recommended. The endoscopic resection with a carcinoid tumor size between 1.0 cm and 2.0 cm can be incomplete and require new endoscopic resection or even surgical removal. Duodenal carcinoid larger than 2.0 cm require full-thickness resection and concomitant lymphadenectomy.

ContextoCarcinoides duodenais são extremamente raros e as características e o comportamento biológico dessa neoplasia permanecem indefinidos.ObjetivoAnalisar as características clinicopatológicas de doentes com carcinoide duodenal ressecado.MétodosVinte doentes (12 mulheres e 8 homens) foram estudados. A média de idade dos doentes foi de 66,4 ± 5,8 anos (43 a 88 anos). Os dados do quadro clínico, diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico dos doentes com tumor carcinoide do duodeno submetidos a ressecção da lesão no período de 18 anos (1993-2011) foram analisados.ResultadosOs sintomas mais frequentes foram dispepsia (50%) e epigastralgia (45%), seguidos por perda de peso (10%) e vômitos (5%). Não foram observados doentes com síndrome carcinoide. A lesão estava localizada na primeira porção do duodeno em 15 (75%) pacientes, na segunda porção em 4 (20%) e na terceira porção em 1 (5%). O diagnóstico de tumor carcinoide foi estabelecido pela biopsia endoscópica excisional em 19 (95%) pacientes e pelo exame histopatológico da peça cirúrgica em um (5%). O tamanho médio dos tumores foi de 1,1 cm ± 0,4 cm (0,3 cm a 6,0 cm). Dezenove (95%) doentes foram tratados, inicialmente, por ressecção endoscópica da lesão duodenal e um (5%) com lesão na terceira porção duodenal foi submetido a duodenectomia da terceira e quarta porções do duodeno e duodenojejunoanastomose. A margem de ressecção do carcinoide duodenal estava comprometida em quatro (20%) casos e em quatro (20%) pacientes foi realizada gastrectomia parcial para retirada completa da lesão. O tumor estava limitado à camada submucosa em 16 (80%) casos e penetrava a camada muscular própria em 4 (20%). Todos os pacientes apresentaram imunomarcação positiva para cromogranina A, enolase neurônio-específica ou sinaptofisina. A média do período de seguimento foi de 39,6 meses (3 a 96 meses). Dos 20 casos desta série, 12 (60%) permanecem vivos e sem evidência de doença ativa e apenas 1 (5,0%) faleceu por metástase hepática do carcinoide duodenal.ConclusõesCarcinoides duodenais são tumores raros e indolentes normalmente associados a bom prognóstico. Duodenoscopia, tomografia computadorizada e ultrassonografia endoscópica devem ser realizadas para avaliar o tamanho do tumor, o nível de invasão da parede e a presença de metástases linfáticas regionais e/ou distantes. Remoção endoscópica de tumores menores que 1,0 cm, sem localização periampolar ou evidência de invasão da camada muscular própria avaliada pela histologia e/ou ultrassonografia endoscópica é recomendada. A ressecção endoscópica de tumor carcinoide com tamanho entre 1,0 cm e 2,0 cm pode ser incompleta e requerer nova ressecção endoscópica ou mesmo remoção cirúrgica. Carcinoides duodenais maiores que 2,0 cm necessitam de ressecção com espessura total e linfadenectomia concomitante.

CARCINOID TUMOR OF THE DUODENUM: a rare tumor at an unusual site. Case series from a single institution

Context Duodenal carcinoids are extremely rare, and their characteristics and biological behavior have not been fully elucidated. Objective To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with resected duodenal carcinoids. Methods Twenty patients (12 females and 8 males) were investigated. Their average age was 66.4 ± 5.8 years old (43 to 88 years old). The data corresponding to the clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with duodenal carcinoid tumors subjected to resection over a period of 18 years (1993-2011) were analyzed. Results The most common symptoms were dyspepsia (50%) and epigastric pain (45%) followed by weight loss (10%) and vomiting (5%). Carcinoid syndrome was not observed in any patient. The lesion was located on the first part of the duodenum in 15 (75%) patients, the second part in 4 (20%) patients, and the third part in 1 (5%) patient. The diagnosis of a carcinoid tumor was established through an endoscopic excision biopsy in 19 (95%) patients and an histopathological examination of the surgical specimen in 1 (5%) patient. The average tumor size was 1.1 cm ± 0.4 cm (0.3 cm to 6.0 cm). Nineteen (95%) patients were initially treated by endoscopic resection of the duodenal lesion. One patient (5%), whose tumor was on the third part of the duodenum underwent a duodenectomy of the third and fourth duodenal parts and duodenojejunal anastomosis. The duodenal carcinoid resection margin was involved in four (20%) patients. Four (20%) patients were subjected to a partial gastrectomy to fully remove the lesion. The tumor was restricted to the submucosal layer in 16 (80%) cases, and it penetrated into the muscular layer in 4 (20%) cases. All patients exhibited positive chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase, and/or synaptophysin immunostaining. The average duration of the follow-up ...

Contexto Carcinoides duodenais são extremamente raros e as características e o comportamento biológico dessa neoplasia permanecem indefinidos. Objetivo Analisar as características clinicopatológicas de doentes com carcinoide duodenal ressecado. Métodos Vinte doentes (12 mulheres e 8 homens) foram estudados. A média de idade dos doentes foi de 66,4 ± 5,8 anos (43 a 88 anos). Os dados do quadro clínico, diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico dos doentes com tumor carcinoide do duodeno submetidos a ressecção da lesão no período de 18 anos (1993-2011) foram analisados. Resultados Os sintomas mais frequentes foram dispepsia (50%) e epigastralgia (45%), seguidos por perda de peso (10%) e vômitos (5%). Não foram observados doentes com síndrome carcinoide. A lesão estava localizada na primeira porção do duodeno em 15 (75%) pacientes, na segunda porção em 4 (20%) e na terceira porção em 1 (5%). O diagnóstico de tumor carcinoide foi estabelecido pela biopsia endoscópica excisional em 19 (95%) pacientes e pelo exame histopatológico da peça cirúrgica em um (5%). O tamanho médio dos tumores foi de 1,1 cm ± 0,4 cm (0,3 cm a 6,0 cm). Dezenove (95%) doentes foram tratados, inicialmente, por ressecção endoscópica da lesão duodenal e um (5%) com lesão na terceira porção duodenal foi submetido a duodenectomia da terceira e quarta porções do duodeno e duodenojejunoanastomose. A margem de ressecção do carcinoide duodenal estava comprometida em quatro (20%) casos e em quatro (20%) pacientes foi realizada gastrectomia parcial para retirada completa da lesão. O tumor estava limitado à camada submucosa em 16 (80%) casos e penetrava a camada muscular ...

Surgical management of pancreatico-duodenal tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1

Pancreatico-duodenal tumors are the second most common endocrinopathy in multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1, and have a pronounced effect on life expectancy as the principal cause of disease-related death. Previous discussions about surgical management have focused mainly on syndromes of hormone excess and, in particular, the management of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1-related Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Since hormonal syndromes tend to occur late and indicate the presence of metastases, screening with biochemical markers and endoscopic ultrasound is recommended for early detection of pancreatico-duodenal tumors, and with early surgery before metastases have developed. Surgery is recommended in patients with or without hormonal syndromes in the absence of disseminated liver metastases. The suggested operation includes distal 80% subtotal pancreatic resection together with enucleation of tumors in the head of the pancreas, and in cases with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, excision of duodenal gastrinomas together with clearance of regional lymph node metastases. This strategy, with early and aggressive surgery before metastases have developed, is believed to reduce the risks for tumor recurrence and malignant progression.

Duodenal fibrosarcoma mimicking Franz tumour complicated by post-resection chylous ascites: a case report / Fibrosarcoma duodenal con apariencia de tumor de Franz complicado por ascitis quilosa post-resección: reporte de un caso

This case report presents a young woman who underwent a Whipples resection for a large pancreato-duodenal tumour. Pathology and immunohistochemical analysis of the tumour suggest duodenal fibrosarcoma. The patient's postoperative management was complicated by chylous ascites. A brief literature review is given to highlight this unusual case.

Este reporte presenta el caso de una mujer joven a la cual se le practicó una resección de Whipples a causa de un tumor pancreato-duodenal grande. La patología y el análisis imunohistoquímico del tumor sugieren la existencia de un fibrosarcoma duodenal. El tratamiento postoperatorio del paciente estuvo complicado por una ascitis quilosa. Se ofrece una breve revisión de la literatura para resaltar este caso inusual.

Primary adenocarcinoma of duodenum

Primary duodenal adenocarcinoma [PDC] of the distal half of duodenum is extremely rare. We report a case of a young male with adenocarcinoma of third and fourth part of duodenum presenting with long standing proximal small bowel obstruction with associated weight loss and anemia. Esophago-gastro-duodeno-scopy showed a fungating intraluminal growth in third and fourth part of the duodenum. Computed tomography also showed a solid mass in the third and fourth part of the duodenum. Computed tomography also showed a solid mass in the third and fourth part of the duodenum. Segmental resection of the third and fourth part of the duodenum was performed with single layer extra mucosal duodeno-jejunal anastomosis

Tumores estromales gastrointestinales duodenales: Report of one case / Duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Report of one case

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are lesions whose diagnosis and treatment have varied in the last decade. We report a 76 year-old male with a history of eight episodes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. A duodenography showed an elevated lesion in the third portion of the duodenum with a central ulceration. It was initially managed with tumorectomy and primary closure of the duodenum. The pathological study of the surgical specimen revealed a low grade gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Three years later, the tumor recurred and pancreatoduodenectomy was performed. Due to the high risk of malignant potential, tumor size, number of mitoses and the presence of necrosis, imatinib mesylate was started. The patient had a satisfactory evolution, without evidences of recurrence after 15 months of follow up.

Outcome of different treatment options for periampullary carcinoma

To study the outcome of different treatment options for periampullary carcinoma. This study included 30 patients with periampullary carcinoma. A standard protocol was prepared for every patient comprising thorough history and full physical examination and relevant investigations. All this was recorded in data collection form. Later on outcome of different treatment options for periampullary carcinoma was discussed. All the patients were between 45-70 years. Most patients were male and belong to low socioeconomic class. The diagnosis was based on history, clinical examination and relevant investigations. The treatment options were divided into two groups. Curative resection [pancreaticoduodenectomy] was done in 18 [60%] patients. 12 [40%] patients had unresectable disease. These patients were treated by palliative procedures. Endoscopic stenting was done in 8 [66.7%] cases and 4 [33.3%] underwent surgical bypass. The morbidity noted in curative resection was [wound infection 20%, anastomotic leakage 15%, respiratory infection 10%, cholangitis 7.5% and renal failure 6.7%]. Six months survival after curative procedure was 90%. Morbidity of endocsopic stenting being blockage 20% and cholangitis in 75% of cases. Six months survival after stenting was 78%. Morbidity noted in surgical bypass included 15%[wound infection], chest infections 15% and six months survival being 75%. It was concluded that periampullary carcinoma is common in male predominantly with low socioeconomic class. Most patients were having resectable disease with relatively high morbidity

Analysis of small bowel tumors

Small bowel tumors are remarkably rare. The colon is affected 40 times than the small bowel. Even though the small intestine accounts for 80% of the length and 90% of the mucosal surface of the gastrointestinal tract, only 3-6% of the gastrointestinal malignancies arise from the small bowel. The aim of the study is to enlighten the subject in our community including: therapeutic intervention, the histopathologic types, the risk factors and outcome. Between January 1997 and January 2002, 40 patients with primary small bowel tumors were followed in Baghdad Hospital, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hospital, Al-Mansour Hospital for Pediatrics at Medical City Teaching Centre and the Al-Zahraa Private Hospital, for presentations, preoperative investigations, operative procedures and outcome. Chi-square test or where appropriate Fishers exact test was used to assess for the statistical significance of the site of the tumor and outcome. The relative risk [RR] and odds ratio [OR] where possible, were used to measure the magnitude of developing a certain outcome [like death] in the presence of risk factor compared to its absence. P value less than the 0.05 level of significance is considered statistically significant. The 95% confidence interval was used to express the expected range of incidence rate of certain outcomes in the target population. The most frequent age group affected is 46-60. The most frequent symptoms in decreasing order were abdominal pain [75%], vomiting [72.5%], and weight loss [52.5%]. The most sensitive diagnostic procedure was barium study [84.6%]. Lymph nodes were the most common site of metastases 15 [37.5%]. The duration of follow up was from 2-60-months. The site: duodenum has the highest case fatality rate [62.5%] with an RR=9.9 which was statistically significant [p=0.006] as compared to the jejunum [25%] that has an RR=3.9 [p=0.16 NS]], then the ileum [6.3%]. Overall, the prognosis for patients with small intestinal tumors is poor. The duodenum as a site of the small bowel tumors was the only significant risk factor with regard to case fatality rate. Despite current advanced diagnostic modalities, the small intestine remains a difficult area to image with both radiographs and the endoscope

Adenocarcinoma primário de duodeno / Adenocarcinoma of the duodenum

Primary adenocarcinoma of the duodenum is an extremely rare disease, and represents only 0.35 per cents of all gastrointestinal malignancies. Early detection of the disease is difficult because doesn't have pathognomonic simptoms. The Whipple procedure is the optimal method of treatment. The authors relate one case of a adenocarcinoma of the duodenum in a 65-year-old white female with a history of abdominal pain for a six-month period, associated with postprandial fullness, vomiting and weight loss. Endoscopy showed a elevated tumor in the second part of the duodenum, with partial obstruction of the lumen. Histological study of endoscopic biopsies reveled a moderate differentiated adenocarcinoma of the duodenum. The treatment was surgical. The authors comment on the more important aspects of this pathology