Clinical Research Advances of Duodenal-Type Follicular Lymphoma--Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Duodenal-type follicular lymphoma (DFL) is a unique subtype of follicular lymphoma (FL), which often involves the second portion of duodenum (descending part of duodenum). Due to its specific pathological features, such as lack of follicular dendritic cells meshwork and disappearance of activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression, DFL presents an inert clinical course and is often confined to the intestinal tract. Inflammation-related biomarkers suggest that the microenvironment may play a likely role in the pathogenesis and favorable prognosis of DFL. Since patients generally have no obvious clinical symptoms and low progression rate, the treatment regimen for DFL is mainly observation and waiting (W&W) strategy. This study will review the latest research progress of epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of DFL in recent years.

Endoscopic Resection of Sporadic Non-ampullary Duodenal Neoplasms: A Single Center Study / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Sporadic non-ampullary duodenal neoplasms are rare and optimal treatment for these lesions remains undefined. Endoscopic resection of duodenal neoplasms is widely used recently and it is an alternative treatment strategy to surgical excision. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic resection of duodenal neoplasms and to determine its outcomes. METHODS: Patients who underwent endoscopic resection for non-ampullary duodenal neoplasms between January 2005 and December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Data including size, morphology, histology, location and endoscopic procedural technique were reviewed. The main outcome measurements were success rate, complication, recurrence and follow-up assessments. RESULTS: The study included 33 patients with duodenal neoplasms. The mean size of resected lesion was 8.58 mm. The results of histologic examination were as follows: 23 (69.7%) adenomas, 2 (6.1%) adenocarcinoma, 3 (9.1%) Brunner's gland tumor and 3 (9.1%) neuroendocrine tumor. Tubular adenoma wase the most common type (63.6%) of non-ampullary duodenal neoplasms. Eighteen (54.5%) lesions were found in the second portion of the duodenum, and 10 (30.3%) lesions on bulb and 3 (9.1%) lesions on superior duodenal angle. Of the 33 cases, 32 (97.0%) were managed by endoscopic mucosal resection technique during a single session and one case was managed by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). One episode of perforation occurred after ESD. During a median follow-up period of 5.76 months, recurrence was observed in only one case of in a patient with tubular adenoma. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic resection of duodenal neoplasm is a safe and effective treatment modality that can replace surgical resection in many cases. Careful endoscopic follow-up is essential to manage recurrence or residual lesions.

Endoscopic findings of primary follicular lymphoma / Hallazgo endoscópico de linfoma folicular primario

A 79-year-old female with benign past medical history presented to the gastroenterology clinic complaining of long-standing symptoms of dyspepsia. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed nodular smooth mucosa in the second part of the duodenum. The morphologic and immunophenotypic findings were consistent with low-grade follicular lymphoma. The purpose of this manuscript is to educate the reader on this unusual finding that is pathognomonic for gastrointestinal lymphoma.

Una mujer de 79 años, sin antecedentes patológicos de importancia, consultó al servicio de gastro enterología por síntomas de dispepsia de larga data. Se practicó una esofagogastroduodenoscopia en la que se observó mucosa nodular en la segunda porción del duodeno. Esta morfología y los hallazgos inmunofenotípicos eran indicativos de linfoma folicular de bajo grado. El propósito de este manuscrito es ilustrar al lector sobre esta inusual condición en el duodeno, la cual es patognomónica de linfoma.

La "cultura de la sobrevivencia" y la salud pública internacional en América Latina: la Guerra Fría y la erradicación de enfermedades a mediados del siglo XX / The "culture of survival" and international public health in Latin America: the Cold War and the eradication of diseases in the mid-twentieth century

Este artículo analiza las principales campañas promovidas por agencias internacionales y organismos nacionales de salud dirigidas a erradicar enfermedad infecciosas en el ámbito rural latinoamericano de los años 1940 y 1950. Las dimensiones políticas del periodo han sido estudiadas pero todavía se ha prestado poca atención a sus dimensiones sanitarias. Este trabajo propone el concepto de "cultura de la sobrevivencia" para explicar los problemas de la salud pública oficial de Estados con políticas sociales limitadas que no permitieron el ejercicio de la ciudadanía. La salud pública, como parte de esta cultura de la sobrevivencia, buscaba ser una solución temporal sin enfrentarse a los problemas sociales que originaban las infecciones y dejó un legado en la salud pública de la región.

This article analyzes the main campaigns run by international agencies and national health bodies to eradicate infectious diseases in rural Latin America in the 1940s and 1950s. The political dimensions of the period have been studied but there has been little attention as yet to the health dimensions. This article proposes the concept of a "culture of survival" to explain the official public health problems of states with limited social policies that did not allow the exercise of citizenship. Public health, as part of this culture of survival, sought a temporary solution without confronting the social problems that led to infections and left a public health legacy in the region.

Hiperplasia de las glándulas de Brunner: A propósito de 2 casos / Brunners gland hiperplasia: Report of two cases

La hiperplasia de las glándulas de Brunner constituye una lesión benigna infrecuente localizada en la primera o segunda porción duodenal. El espectro de la misma incluye la hiperplasia nodular circunscrita, la difusa y los adenomas de las glándulas de Brunner. Reportamos dos casos, uno con un adenoma de las glándulas de Brunner como un pólipo duodenal y el otro como una hiperplasia nodular difusa del bulbo duodenal.

Brunner’s gland hyperplasia is an infrequent benign injury located on the first or second portion of the duodenum. The disease spectrum includes diffuse nodular hyperplasia, circumscribed nodular hyperplasia, and Brunner’s gland adenoma. We report two cases, one with an adenoma of Brunner’s glands as a duodenal polyp and the other as a diffuse nodular hyperplasia of the duodenal bulb.

Endoscopic Resection as a Possible Radical Treatment for Duodenal Gangliocytic Paraganglioma: A Report of Four Cases / 대한소화기학회지

Gangliocytic paraganglioma (GP) is a rare, benign tumor which is usually found in the duodenum. We here report four recent cases of GP, with successful endoscopic resection in three cases, including a lesion on the ampulla of Vater. In all cases, each lesion had a stalk that facilitated removal using an endoscopic approach. Endoscopic mucosal resection is a feasible and safe treatment if the location, depth, and lymph node status are all favorable and is also helpful for definite diagnosis of unknown duodenal mass. To avoid morbidity resulting from open surgical resection, careful inspection for the peduncle of the GP will help determine the feasibility of endoscopic resection.

CARCINOID TUMOR OF THE DUODENUM: a rare tumor at an unusual site. Case series from a single institution

Context Duodenal carcinoids are extremely rare, and their characteristics and biological behavior have not been fully elucidated. Objective To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with resected duodenal carcinoids. Methods Twenty patients (12 females and 8 males) were investigated. Their average age was 66.4 ± 5.8 years old (43 to 88 years old). The data corresponding to the clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with duodenal carcinoid tumors subjected to resection over a period of 18 years (1993-2011) were analyzed. Results The most common symptoms were dyspepsia (50%) and epigastric pain (45%) followed by weight loss (10%) and vomiting (5%). Carcinoid syndrome was not observed in any patient. The lesion was located on the first part of the duodenum in 15 (75%) patients, the second part in 4 (20%) patients, and the third part in 1 (5%) patient. The diagnosis of a carcinoid tumor was established through an endoscopic excision biopsy in 19 (95%) patients and an histopathological examination of the surgical specimen in 1 (5%) patient. The average tumor size was 1.1 cm ± 0.4 cm (0.3 cm to 6.0 cm). Nineteen (95%) patients were initially treated by endoscopic resection of the duodenal lesion. One patient (5%), whose tumor was on the third part of the duodenum underwent a duodenectomy of the third and fourth duodenal parts and duodenojejunal anastomosis. The duodenal carcinoid resection margin was involved in four (20%) patients. Four (20%) patients were subjected to a partial gastrectomy to fully remove the lesion. The tumor was restricted to the submucosal layer in 16 (80%) cases, and it penetrated into the muscular layer in 4 (20%) cases. All patients exhibited positive chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase, and/or synaptophysin immunostaining. The average duration of the follow-up ...

Contexto Carcinoides duodenais são extremamente raros e as características e o comportamento biológico dessa neoplasia permanecem indefinidos. Objetivo Analisar as características clinicopatológicas de doentes com carcinoide duodenal ressecado. Métodos Vinte doentes (12 mulheres e 8 homens) foram estudados. A média de idade dos doentes foi de 66,4 ± 5,8 anos (43 a 88 anos). Os dados do quadro clínico, diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico dos doentes com tumor carcinoide do duodeno submetidos a ressecção da lesão no período de 18 anos (1993-2011) foram analisados. Resultados Os sintomas mais frequentes foram dispepsia (50%) e epigastralgia (45%), seguidos por perda de peso (10%) e vômitos (5%). Não foram observados doentes com síndrome carcinoide. A lesão estava localizada na primeira porção do duodeno em 15 (75%) pacientes, na segunda porção em 4 (20%) e na terceira porção em 1 (5%). O diagnóstico de tumor carcinoide foi estabelecido pela biopsia endoscópica excisional em 19 (95%) pacientes e pelo exame histopatológico da peça cirúrgica em um (5%). O tamanho médio dos tumores foi de 1,1 cm ± 0,4 cm (0,3 cm a 6,0 cm). Dezenove (95%) doentes foram tratados, inicialmente, por ressecção endoscópica da lesão duodenal e um (5%) com lesão na terceira porção duodenal foi submetido a duodenectomia da terceira e quarta porções do duodeno e duodenojejunoanastomose. A margem de ressecção do carcinoide duodenal estava comprometida em quatro (20%) casos e em quatro (20%) pacientes foi realizada gastrectomia parcial para retirada completa da lesão. O tumor estava limitado à camada submucosa em 16 (80%) casos e penetrava a camada muscular ...

Carcinoid tumor of the duodenum

ContextDuodenal carcinoids are extremely rare, and their characteristics and biological behavior have not been fully elucidated.ObjectiveTo analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with resected duodenal carcinoids.MethodsTwenty patients (12 females and 8 males) were investigated. Their average age was 66.4 ± 5.8 years old (43 to 88 years old). The data corresponding to the clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with duodenal carcinoid tumors subjected to resection over a period of 18 years (1993-2011) were analyzed.ResultsThe most common symptoms were dyspepsia (50%) and epigastric pain (45%) followed by weight loss (10%) and vomiting (5%). Carcinoid syndrome was not observed in any patient. The lesion was located on the first part of the duodenum in 15 (75%) patients, the second part in 4 (20%) patients, and the third part in 1 (5%) patient. The diagnosis of a carcinoid tumor was established through an endoscopic excision biopsy in 19 (95%) patients and an histopathological examination of the surgical specimen in 1 (5%) patient. The average tumor size was 1.1 cm ± 0.4 cm (0.3 cm to 6.0 cm). Nineteen (95%) patients were initially treated by endoscopic resection of the duodenal lesion. One patient (5%), whose tumor was on the third part of the duodenum underwent a duodenectomy of the third and fourth duodenal parts and duodenojejunal anastomosis. The duodenal carcinoid resection margin was involved in four (20%) patients. Four (20%) patients were subjected to a partial gastrectomy to fully remove the lesion. The tumor was restricted to the submucosal layer in 16 (80%) cases, and it penetrated into the muscular layer in 4 (20%) cases. All patients exhibited positive chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase, and/or synaptophysin immunostaining. The average duration of the follow-up period was 39.6 months (3 to 96 months). Twelve (60%) of the 20 cases in this series are alive without any evidence of active disease. Only one (5%) patient died due to liver metastases of the duodenal carcinoid.ConclusionsDuodenal carcinoids are rare and indolent tumors usually associated with a benign progression. Duodenoscopy, computerized tomography, and endoscopic ultrasound should be performed to evaluate the tumor size, the level of wall invasion, and the presence of regional or distant lymphatic metastases. Endoscopic removal of tumors smaller than 1.0 cm without periampullary localization or evidence of muscular propria layer invasion assessed by histology and/or endoscopic ultrasound is recommended. The endoscopic resection with a carcinoid tumor size between 1.0 cm and 2.0 cm can be incomplete and require new endoscopic resection or even surgical removal. Duodenal carcinoid larger than 2.0 cm require full-thickness resection and concomitant lymphadenectomy.

ContextoCarcinoides duodenais são extremamente raros e as características e o comportamento biológico dessa neoplasia permanecem indefinidos.ObjetivoAnalisar as características clinicopatológicas de doentes com carcinoide duodenal ressecado.MétodosVinte doentes (12 mulheres e 8 homens) foram estudados. A média de idade dos doentes foi de 66,4 ± 5,8 anos (43 a 88 anos). Os dados do quadro clínico, diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico dos doentes com tumor carcinoide do duodeno submetidos a ressecção da lesão no período de 18 anos (1993-2011) foram analisados.ResultadosOs sintomas mais frequentes foram dispepsia (50%) e epigastralgia (45%), seguidos por perda de peso (10%) e vômitos (5%). Não foram observados doentes com síndrome carcinoide. A lesão estava localizada na primeira porção do duodeno em 15 (75%) pacientes, na segunda porção em 4 (20%) e na terceira porção em 1 (5%). O diagnóstico de tumor carcinoide foi estabelecido pela biopsia endoscópica excisional em 19 (95%) pacientes e pelo exame histopatológico da peça cirúrgica em um (5%). O tamanho médio dos tumores foi de 1,1 cm ± 0,4 cm (0,3 cm a 6,0 cm). Dezenove (95%) doentes foram tratados, inicialmente, por ressecção endoscópica da lesão duodenal e um (5%) com lesão na terceira porção duodenal foi submetido a duodenectomia da terceira e quarta porções do duodeno e duodenojejunoanastomose. A margem de ressecção do carcinoide duodenal estava comprometida em quatro (20%) casos e em quatro (20%) pacientes foi realizada gastrectomia parcial para retirada completa da lesão. O tumor estava limitado à camada submucosa em 16 (80%) casos e penetrava a camada muscular própria em 4 (20%). Todos os pacientes apresentaram imunomarcação positiva para cromogranina A, enolase neurônio-específica ou sinaptofisina. A média do período de seguimento foi de 39,6 meses (3 a 96 meses). Dos 20 casos desta série, 12 (60%) permanecem vivos e sem evidência de doença ativa e apenas 1 (5,0%) faleceu por metástase hepática do carcinoide duodenal.ConclusõesCarcinoides duodenais são tumores raros e indolentes normalmente associados a bom prognóstico. Duodenoscopia, tomografia computadorizada e ultrassonografia endoscópica devem ser realizadas para avaliar o tamanho do tumor, o nível de invasão da parede e a presença de metástases linfáticas regionais e/ou distantes. Remoção endoscópica de tumores menores que 1,0 cm, sem localização periampolar ou evidência de invasão da camada muscular própria avaliada pela histologia e/ou ultrassonografia endoscópica é recomendada. A ressecção endoscópica de tumor carcinoide com tamanho entre 1,0 cm e 2,0 cm pode ser incompleta e requerer nova ressecção endoscópica ou mesmo remoção cirúrgica. Carcinoides duodenais maiores que 2,0 cm necessitam de ressecção com espessura total e linfadenectomia concomitante.

A duodenal lipoma with a long stalk

No abstract available.

Carcinoma mixto adenocarcinoma y neuroendocrino periampular en un paciente con neurofibromatosis tipo 1: Caso clínico / Combined periampullary adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine tumor in type 1 neurofibromatosis: Report of one case

Neurofibromatosis is a hereditary autosomal-dominant disease, with high rates ofde novo mutations and carries a high risk ofneoplasms. It affects both sexes and all races and ethnic groups. It is characterized by múltiple cutaneous lesions and tumors, both benign and malignant, especially in the nervous system. We report a 52 years old woman with a type 1 neurofibromatosis, presenting with fever, jaundice and weight loss. Onphysical examination, thepatientwasjaundiced and had "café au lait" spots in the skin. A magnetic resonance imaging showed bile duct dilation and a possible ampullarcarcinoma. Thepatientwas operated, duringthe exploration shepresented a periampullary tumor and múltiple small nodular lesions in the stomach, the tumor was resected with a pancreático dúo denectomy and the nodular gastric lesions were biopsied. Thepathological study revealed a combined adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine duodenal tumor. The study ofthe stomach lesions revealed a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Four months after surgery, the patient is in good conditions.

Adenocarcinoma at angle of treitz: a report of two cases with review of literature.

We report two patients with adenocarcinoma at angle of treitz who presented with upper GI(gastrointestinal) obstruction and underwent segmental resection of duodeno-jejunal junction. Preoperative investigations failed to reveal the nature of the lesion suggesting the elusive nature of these lesions, importance of clinical suspicion and decision-making.

Bleeding duodenal lipoma treated with endoscopic polypectomy.

Duodenal lipomas are relatively uncommon and are rarely a source of severe upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. We report the case of a 70-year-old woman who presented with significant upper GI bleed due to a large bleeding duodenal lipoma that was successfully treated by endoscopic polypectomy.

Brunnera's Gland Hyperplasia: Treatment of Severe Diffuse Nodular Hyperplasia Mimicking a Malignancy on Pancreatic-Duodenal Area

Brunnera's gland hyperplasia is a benign tumor of the duodenum and it is rarely associated with clinical symptoms. We report on a 64-yr-old man with Brunnera's gland hyperplasia who had undergone a duodenocephalo-pancreatectomy. The reason is that he presented upper gastrointestinal obstructive symptoms and the esophagogastroduodenoscopic finding revealed the lesion to be an infiltrating type mass on the second portion of the duodenum with luminal narrowing. An abdominal computed tomography showed a 2.5 cm-sized mass in the duodenal second portion with a suspicious pancreatic invasion and 7 mm-sized lymph node around the duodenum. Duodenocephalopancreatectomy was successfully performed. Histological examination revealed a Brunnera's gland hyperplasia. The final diagnosis was the coexistence of Brunnera's gland hyperplasia and pancreatic heterotopia with a pancreatic head invasion. The literature on Brunnera's gland hyperplasia is reviewed.

Metástasis duodenal de adenocarcinoma de células renales: una causa poco frecuente de hemorragia digestiva alta: reporte de un caso / Adenocarcinoma duodenal metastasis of renal cells: a not very frequent case of a high digestive hemorrhage

El carcinoma renal suele tener un comportamiento impredecible. Se caracteriza por la falta de signos clínicos precoces, por lo que en muchos pacientes se llega al diagnóstico en etapas muy avanzadas de la enfermedad, con diversas manifestaciones clínicas inespecíficas y presencia de metástasis a distancia. Es por esto que ha sido llamado tumor del internista. Incluso tras una nefrectomía, el tumor puede permanecer estable y metastizar años después. Cuando la enfermedad metastásica ocurre, suele ser múltiple. Presentamos el caso de un paciente previamente sano que debutó con hemorragia digestiva alta, en cuyo estudio se objetivó metástasis duodenal por adenocarcinoma de células renales avanzado, sin otras manifestaciones clínicas.

Renal cell carcinoma use to have an unpredictable behavior. It is characterized by the lack of precocious clinical signs reason; in many patients the diagnosis is made in stages very outposts of the disease, with diverse unspecific clinical manifestations and presence of metastases. That is why it has been called “the internist’s tumor”. Even after a nephrectomy, the neoplasm can remain stable and can metastasize many years later. When this happens, the metastases use to be multiple. We presented the case of a previously healthy patient who displayed upper gastrointestinal bleeding, in whose study we demonstrated duodenal metastasis by advanced renal cell carcinoma, without other clinical manifestations.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor [GIST] of the duodenum

This is a report of a rare gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the duodenum in a 75 years old man who presented with recurrent episodes of intestinal obstruction and melena. The patient underwent successful Whipple's procedure

Gastric proliferative lesions induced by duodenogastric reflux in rats

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as lesões proliferativas que se desenvolvem na mucosa gástrica de ratos Wistar após modelo específico de refluxo duodeno-gástrico.MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 75 ratos adultos machos divididos em três grupos experimentais: o grupo I (controle) submetido a gastrotomia na parede posterior do estômago glandular (25 animais); o grupo II (RDG), foi submetido a gastrojejunoanastomose látero-lateral na parede posterior do estômago glandular (25 animais) e o grupo III (RDG-P) submetido a gastrojejunoanastomose látero-lateral na parede posterior do estômago glandular, com secção e fechamento da alça (25 animais). Os animais foram observados durante 36 semanas, após o que foram realizados estudos macroscópicos e microscópicos da anastomose gastrojejunal, da região pré-pilórica e região escamosa do estômago. RESULTADOS: Os animais do Grupo I não apresentaram nenhum tipo de lesão. No grupo II observou-se 40% de lesões do tipo hiperplasia adenomatosa na anastomose e 12% de hiperplasia escamosa. No grupo III obteve-se 40% de hiperplasia adenomatosa na mucosa pré-pilórica, 72 % de hiperplasia adenomatosa na mucosa da anastomose, 20% de hiperplasia escamosa e 12 % de adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSÕES: O refluxo duodeno-gástrico induz a alta freqüência de lesões proliferativas na mucosa adjacente à anastomose gastrojejunal ou na mucosa pré-pilórica e o adenocarcinoma é um evento raro neste modelo experimental.

Tumores estromales gastrointestinales duodenales: Report of one case / Duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Report of one case

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are lesions whose diagnosis and treatment have varied in the last decade. We report a 76 year-old male with a history of eight episodes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. A duodenography showed an elevated lesion in the third portion of the duodenum with a central ulceration. It was initially managed with tumorectomy and primary closure of the duodenum. The pathological study of the surgical specimen revealed a low grade gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Three years later, the tumor recurred and pancreatoduodenectomy was performed. Due to the high risk of malignant potential, tumor size, number of mitoses and the presence of necrosis, imatinib mesylate was started. The patient had a satisfactory evolution, without evidences of recurrence after 15 months of follow up.