Tumor cerebral fetal / Fetal brain tumors

Los tumores cerebrales en el período perinatal son una patología de excepcional ocurrencia. Se describe el caso clínico de un tumor cerebral fetal con diagnóstico prenatal a las 30 semanas de gestación en el Hospital Santiago Oriente Dr. Luis Tisné Brousse; al examen ultrasonográfico se evidenció un tumor sólido supratentorial derecho de 51 por 40 mm asociado a macrocefalia, hidrocefalia y polihidramnios. Se realiza resonancia magnética fetal que confirma diagnóstico. A las 32 semanas de gestación se interrumpe el embarazo por rotura de membranas; se realiza biopsia al tumor que informa teratoide rabdoide atípico. Debido al tamaño tumoral y gran compromiso encefálico se declara fuera de alcance terapéutico; el lactante fallece a los 43 días de vida. En la presente publicación se realiza una revisión de la literatura referente al tema, destacándose aspectos relevantes en relación al diagnóstico, tipos histológicos, estudio fetal, manejo y pronóstico. Cabe destacar la importancia de la consejería prenatal y el manejo multidisciplinario de esta compleja patología, que en términos generales tiene un pronóstico ominoso.

Congenital ganglioglioma.

Congenital neoplasms of brain presenting at birth are extremely uncommon. We report a case of congenital ganglioglioma presenting at birth with hydrocephalus. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt and surgical debulking of the tumour along with histopathological confirmation were done at 6 months of age. On follow-up at 18 months, the child's hydrocephalus is static and his assessed developmental age is 10-12 months.

Massive intracranial immature teratoma: report of a case with polyhidramnios and intense pelvic pain

A case of massive intracranial immature teratoma in a female stillborn is reported. She was the product of the second pregnancy of a 25-year-old healthy woman. The pregnancy was unremarkable until the 25th week of gestation when the mother noticed a rapid enlargement of her abdomen and intense pelvic pain. Because of the pain, a cesarean section was indicated, and a stillborn weighing 275Og with macrocephaly was delivered. The cranial contents weighed 135Og and showed a huge tumoral mass with only a rim of normal brain. A histologic diagnosis of immature teratoma was made. Massive intracranial teratomas are rare tumors and their occurrence in intrauterine life is even rarer. Their histogenesis is unknown, and there is no explanation for their continuous growth during, embryogenesis. A prenatal diagnosis of this rare condition can be made by ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging.

Congenital quadrigeminal lipoma with osteocartilagenous element: A case report

A case of congenital tectal lipoma found incidentally at an autopsy is reported. This female fetus was a product of pregnancy termination at 24 weeks of gestational age after sonographic detection of hydrocephalus. Autopsy revealed a small mass in the periaqueductal portion. The mass was composed of adipose tissue, cartilage, and mature bony tissue with hematopoiesis. The resultant diagnosis was tectal lipoma with osteocartilagenous element. It is uncertain whether the lesion represents a teratoma or hamartoma or mesenchymal metaplasia. The osteocartilagenous component suggests the latter.

Congenital Glioblastoma Multiforme: report of an autopsy case

A congenital neoplasm arising in the central nervous system is rarely encountered, and the majority of case reports that have dealt with intracranial tumors have been divided almost equally between teratomas and various gliomas. We experienced a rare case of congenital glioblastoma multiforme encountered in a three day-old male infant who presented with hydrocephalus since birth. Post-mortem examination revealed that the tumor seemed to have originated from the right thalamic region extending centrifugally to the cerebral cortex and through the brain-stem down to the cerebellum.