Kaposi sarcoma of th e penis in anHIV-negative patient / Sarcoma de Kaposi de pênis em paciente HIV negativo

ABSTRACT Kaposi sarcoma is an angioproliferative disorder that ranges from a single indolent skin lesion to respiratory and gastrointestinal/visceral involvement. Kaposi sarcoma is rare in non-immunosuppressed patients. Nineteen cases of penile Kaposi sarcoma in HIV-negative patients were reported in 2012. We present the case report of a 48-year-old male patient with no previous medical history, who came to our urology clinic presenting a purple-color papule on the penis glans. Lab tests revealed negative serology for HIV, but tissue PCR was positive for human herpesvirus 8. Histopathology examination after lesion excision was compatible with Kaposi sarcoma. No other cutaneous or mucosal lesions were present. Primary Kaposi sarcoma of the penis is rare, but may occur in non-immunosuppressed patients.

RESUMO O sarcoma de Kaposi é uma doença angioproliferativa que varia de uma lesão cutânea indolente isolada ao envolvimento visceral respiratório e gastrintestinal. É raro em pacientes não imunossuprimidos. Dezenove casos de sarcoma de Kaposi de pênis em pacientes HIV negativos foram relatados em 2012. Descrevemos o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, 48 anos, sem história pregressa, que se apresentou em nossa clínica urológica com pápula violeta na glande. Os testes de laboratório revelaram sorologia negativa para HIV, mas o PCR em tecido foi positivo para o herpesvírus humano 8. A histopatologia após a excisão da lesão foi compatível com sarcoma de Kaposi. Não existia outra lesão cutânea ou de mucosa. O sarcoma de Kaposi primário de pênis é raro, mas pode ocorrer em pacientes não imunossuprimidos.

Caracterización de pacientes tratados por cáncer de pene, con invasión de ganglios locorregionales en el Servicio de Urología del HCIPS de Asunción del Paraguay / Characterization of Patients treated for Penile Cancer with Locoregional Nodes Invasion in HCIPS Urology Unit, Asunción del Paraguay

Introducción: El cáncer de pene tiene una alta incidencia en Latinoamérica, siendo el carcinoma epidermoide el tipo histológico más frecuente. También es sabido que el cáncer de pene suele presentar diseminación a los ganglios linfáticos inguinales, antes de la progresión a la enfermedad metastásica. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes tratados por cáncer de pene con invasión locorregional en el Servicio de Urología del Hospital Central del Instituto de Previsión Social (HCIPS) de Asunción del Paraguay. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, de pacientes tratados con cáncer de pene con invasión locorregional entre los años 2014 y 2017. Se analizaron las siguientes variables: estadificación, tratamientos empleados según la clasificación y complicaciones. Resultados: Los 18 pacientes tratados por cáncer de pene con invasión locorregional fueron adultos mayores, con una edad media de 78,5 años. El tipo de intervención más frecuente fue la linfadenectomía inguinal bilateral (44%). Solo cuatro pacientes fueron sometidos simultáneamente a penectomía y linfadenectomía. Las complicaciones posoperatorias se presentaron en 8 casos (44%), siendo el linfedema la más frecuente. Conclusiones: Los factores pronósticos adversos más importantes son la presencia de adenopatías, el estadío clínico al diagnóstico y el grado de diferenciación celular. El tratamiento más eficaz del cáncer de pene es quirúrgico, reservando la quimioterapia y la radioterapia para adyuvancia o terapia de rescate, siendo las complicaciones más graves, mientras más radical sea la cirugía.(AU)

Introduction: Penile cancer has a high incidence in Latin America, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most frequent histological type. It is also known that penile cancer has a spread to the inguinal lymph nodes, before the progression to metastatic disease. Objective: Characterize the patients treated for penile cancer with locoregional invasion in the Urology Service of the Hospital Central del Instituto de Previsión Social (HCIPS), Asunción of Paraguay. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted of patients treated with penile cancer with locoregional invasion between 2014 and 2017. The following variables were analyzed: staging, treatments used according to the classification and complications. Results: The 18 patients treated for penile cancer with locoregional invasion were older adults, with an average age of 78.5 years. The most frequent type of intervention was the bilateral ilioinguinal (44%). Only four patients were subjected simultaneously to penectomy and lymphadenectomy. Postoperative complications occurred in 8 cases (44%), lymphedema being the most frequent. Conclusions: The most important adverse prognostic factors are the presence of adenopathies, the clinical stage at diagnosis and the degree of cell differentiation. The most effective treatment of penile cancer is surgical, reserving chemotherapy and radiotherapy for adjuvance or rescue therapy, being the complications more serious, the more radical the surgery is.(AU)

Incidence of penile cancer worldwide: systematic review and meta-analysis / La incidencia mundial del cáncer de pene: revisión sistemática y metanálisis / Incidência mundial do câncer de pênis: revisão sistemática e meta-análise

Objective To determine the global incidence of penile cancer. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was performed, with no limits on their language of publication. Analyses were performed using Stata 13 statistical software. A random-effects model was used, according to the heterogeneity found in the studies. The main outcome was expressed in terms of age-standardized incidence. Results A total of 23 studies were eligible, with 71 156 penile cancer patients in 86 countries. According to the review conducted, the estimated age-standardized incidence of penile cancer worldwide is 0.84 cases per 100 000 person-years (95% confidence interval: 0.79-0.89). Romania reported the highest incidence, 7.26 per 100 000 person-years, between 1983 and 1987; however, some countries in Latin America and Africa reported an incidence of between 2.0 and 5.7 per 100 000. Conclusions Penile cancer is considered a rare malignancy due to its already-known, particularly low incidence rate. The estimated age-standardized incidence rate by the world standard population today is 0.84 cases per 100 000 person-years. There were no significant differences in the incidence rate of penile cancer with respect to the distribution by continent or the trend over time.

RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar la incidencia mundial del cáncer de pene. Métodos Se realizó una revisión sistemática y un metanálisis de estudios de observación, sin ninguna limitación por el idioma de publicación. Para los análisis se usó el software estadístico Stata 13. Se usó un modelo de efectos aleatorios, conforme a la heterogeneidad encontrada en los estudios. El resultado principal se expresó en términos de incidencia ajustada por la edad. Resultados En total, 23 estudios (con una población total de 71 156 pacientes con cáncer de pene en 86 países) cumplieron con los criterios establecidos. Según esta revisión, se estima que la incidencia ajustada por la edad del cáncer de pene a escala mundial es de 0,84 casos por 100 000 años-persona (intervalo de confianza de 95%: 0,79-0,89). Rumania notificó la incidencia más alta, de 7,26 por 100 000 años-persona, entre 1983 y 1987; sin embargo, algunos países de América Latina y África notificaron una incidencia de entre 2,0 y 5,7 por 100 000. Conclusiones Se considera que el cáncer de pene es una neoplasia maligna rara debido a que la tasa de incidencia conocida es particularmente baja. Hoy en día, la tasa de incidencia ajustada por la edad estimada para la población estándar mundial es de 0,84 casos por 100 000 años-persona. No se observó ninguna diferencia significativa de la tasa de incidencia del cáncer de pene con respecto a la distribución por continente o la tendencia con el transcurso del tiempo.

RESUMO Objetivo Determinar a incidência mundial de câncer de pênis. Métodos Um estudo de revisão sistemática e meta-análise de estudos observacionais foi conduzido, sem restrição do idioma da publicação. As análises foram realizadas com o uso do software de estatística Stata 13. Um modelo de efeitos aleatórios foi usado, segundo a heterogeneidade encontrada nos estudos. O desfecho principal foi expresso como taxa de incidência padronizada por idade. Resultados Vinte e três estudos satisfizeram os critérios, englobando 71.156 pacientes com câncer de pênis em 86 países. De acordo com a revisão conduzida, a taxa de incidência padronizada por idade estimada para o câncer de pênis em todo o mundo é de 0,84 caso por 100.000 pessoas-ano (intervalo de confiança de 95% 0,79-0,89). A Romênia registrou a taxa de incidência mais elevada, 7,26 por 100.000 pessoas-ano, entre 1983 e 1987. Porém, alguns países da América Latina e África registraram taxas de incidência entre 2,0 e 5,7 por 100.000 pessoas-ano. Conclusões O câncer de pênis é uma neoplasia maligna rara devido à sua conhecida taxa de incidência especialmente baixa. A atual taxa de incidência padronizada por idade estimada para a população mundial padrão é de 0,84 caso por 100.000 pessoas-ano. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa na taxa de incidência do câncer de pênis quanto à distribuição por continente ou tendência temporal.

The variable morphological spectrum of penile basaloid carcinomas: differential diagnosis, prognostic factors and outcome report in 27 cases classified as classic and mixed variants

Background: Basaloid carcinomas of the penis, HPV-related tumors, are morphologically less homogenous than originally thought. The study objective was to evaluate the prognostic influence of the basaloid pattern in mixed tumors. Methods: We studied 154 Mexican patients from the Hospital de Oncología, CMN, Mexico City (2000­2013) and found 27 with basaloid features in at least 20% of the sections classified as classic basaloid (8 cases), warty-basaloid (7), papillary-basaloid (5) and usual-basaloid squamous cell carcinomas (7). We evaluated patients' age, site and size of tumor, histological classification, grade, thickness, anatomical level, vascular and perineural invasion, prognostic index score and node involvement. Penile intraepithelial neoplasia in adjacent epithelia was documented. Follow up ranged from 12­78 months. Statistical methods were Fisher's exact test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used for survival analysis. The cutoff for statistical significance was p <0.05. Results: There were not clinical differences. Microscopically types were distinctive and easy to separate. Usual-basaloid squamous cell carcinomas were smaller, thinner and rarely invaded corpora cavernosa, with a low prognostic index score. Classic basaloid, warty-basaloid and papillary-basaloid carcinomas had higher rates of vascular and perineural invasion and higher prognostic index scores. These findings correlated with the rate of nodal metastasis. The majority of patients with classic and papillary-basaloid neoplasms died from systemic metastasis (87.5 and 80%) whereas only 1 patient with usual-basaloid carcinoma died of the disease (14%). Conclusions: Basaloid carcinomas are not a single entity but a spectrum of variable histological architectures mixed with those of classic basaloid tumors. Identification of mature squamous cells in a basaloid carcinoma may be important to recognize and report because patients with these tumors may carry a better prognosis (AU)

Condiloma acuminado gigante (tumor de Buschke-Lowenstein): presentación de un caso / Giant acuminated condiloma (Bushke-Lowenstein tumor): case report

El condiloma gigante del pene o tumor de Buschke-Lowenstein, es un tumor epitelial benigno de origen viral y sexualmente transmisible, que en raros casos puede malignizar. Su histología se caracteriza por papilomatosis y acantosis endo y exofítica. Existen diferentes tratamientos del tumor, pero el más efectivo es la resección quirúrgica radical para evitar recidivas y malignización. Describir y documentar un caso de un condiloma acuminado gigante o tumor de Buschke-Lowenstein. Revisaremos la bibliografía existente sobre este tipo de tumor. Paciente masculino de 51 años de edad con lesiones vegetantes de 6 años de evolución, que se extienden desde la región perianal a perineal y ambas regiones inguinales, escroto y base de pene, a quien se le realizó resección quirúrgica amplia de la lesión. El estudio anatomopatológico reporta condiloma acuminado gigante, con inflamación crónica severa sobre agregada, el paciente mantiene resultados funcionales y estéticos muy satisfactorios después de la cirugía. El tumor de Buschke-Lowenstein es un condiloma acuminado gigante que se presenta con más frecuencia en hombres, benigno, cuyas lesiones clínicas son mayores de 10 cm, por lo que el tratamiento de elección debe ser siempre quirúrgico.

The giant condyloma of the penis or denominated Buschke-Lowenstein tumor is a benign epithelial tumor of viral origin and its sexually transmissible, in rare cases can become transformation to malignant. Histology is characterized by papillomatosis and acanthosis endophytic and exophytic. There are different treatments of the tumor, but the most effective of them is the radical surgical resection to prevent recurrences and the malignant transformation of the lesion. To describe and document a case view of us in our institution of giant condyloma acuminatum or Buschke-Lowenstein tumor. We will review the existent literature on this type of tumor. Male patient 51 years old with vegetative lesions of 6 years of evolution, extending from the perineal and per anal region to groins, the scrotum and the penis base, who underwent extensive surgical resection treatment. The pathology reports giant condyloma acuminatum with severe chronic inflammation, actually the patient maintains satisfactory functional and aesthetic results after the surgery. The Buschke-Lowenstein tumor is a giant condyloma acuminated it´s occurs more often in men, benign clinical lesions which are greater than 10 cm, so the treatment of choice should always be the surgical.

Relación entre los factores clínico patológicos y enfermedad ganglionar inguinal en cáncer de pene / Relation between clinical pathological factors and inguinal node disease in pennies cancer

Determinar la relación entre factores clínicopatológicos y enfermedad ganglionar inguinal en cáncer de pene, en los pacientes del Instituto de Oncología “Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño”. Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, transversal, de 76 pacientes con cáncer de pene1995-2011. Un total de 76 pacientes, 20 (26,31%) entre los 51-60 años, siendo el grupo etario con mayor incidencia; el estadio más frecuentemente el IIIB con 23 casos (30,26%), histología predominante carcinoma epidermoide 62 casos (81,57%); la invasión angiolinfática positiva 37 pacientes y 19 casos (51,35%), presentaron metástasis ganglionar inguinal, y 31 casos (45,58%) sin invasión angiolinfática 0% de metástasis. Grado histológico: Los tumores GI 41 de 76 casos (54%), el 29,2% (12 casos) se presentó con metástasis inguinal, los tumores GII y GIII el 77% (17 casos), y 100% (5 casos) respectivamente; en relación al (T), grado histológico y metástasis inguinales, los T1G1 fueron los más frecuentes, con 22 casos, solo 1 de ellos con metástasis, de los T2, los T2G2 fue el de mayor frecuencia con 8 casos, 6 de ellos, con metástasis ganglionar inguinal, los T3G1, estuvo conformado por 10 pacientes, siendo el de mayor número de pacientes, 5 de ellos presentaron metástasis ganglionar inguinal; el resto de T3 y T4 presentaron MT. El grado histológico asociado a la profundidad de invasión y la invasión linfovascular son factores predictivos importantes de enfermedad ganglionar en cáncer de pene.

To determine the relationship between the clinics pathological factors and the presence of inguinal nodal disease in penile cancer in patients view in the Oncology Institute Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño. Retrospective, descriptive and transversal investigation, with 76 patients with diagnostic of penile cancer view between the years 1995-2011. A total of 76 patients, 20 (26.31%) between 51-60 years old, and the age group with the highest incidence, stage IIIB more frequently with 23 cases (30.26%), squamous cell carcinoma predominant histology 62 cases (81.57%), positive angio lymphatic invasion in 37 patients and 19 (51.35%) had inguinal lymph node metastases, and 31 cases (45.58%) without groin metastases, as to histological grade, tumors GI 41 of 76 cases (54%), 29.2% (12 cases) presented with inguinal metastases, GII and GIII tumors 77% (17 cases), and 100% (5 cases) respectively, in terms of the (T), histological grade and metastatic inguinal T1G1 were the most frequent, with 22 cases, only 1 patient with metastasis, the T2, the T2G2 had the highest frequency of 8 cases 6 of them, with inguinal lymph node metastasis, the T3G1, consisted of 10 patients, with the largest number of patients, 5 of them presented inguinal lymph node metastasis, the rest of T3 and T4 showed metastases. The histological grade associated with the depth of invasion and lymph vascular invasion are important predictors of nodal disease in penile cancer.

Auto-amputation of penis due to carcinoma: Still a threat in the era of modern medicine: Report of two cases.

Incidence of penile carcinoma is decreasing worldwide. Nevertheless, the incidence of penile cancer is still significant in various tropical countries, and it often presents in advanced stage. We report two unique cases of penile auto-amputation due to advanced cancer and review relevant literature. Both the patients presented with ulcerative lesion replacing penile base following automatic sloughing of the whole penis and voiding dysfunction. In addition, the first patient had metastatic inguinal lymph nodes. Supra-pubic urinary diversion was the initial management in both the patients. The first patient was treated with combined chemo-radiation, but he succumbed to death following two cycles of chemotherapy. The second patient was successfully treated with total penectomy and perineal urethrostomy. He recovered well but was lost to follow-up.

Alteração no número de cópias genômicas e expressão gênica em larga escala em carcinomas de pênis / Copy number alterations and gene expression profiling by large-scale analysis in penile carcinomas

O câncer de pênis (CaPe) é uma neoplasia rara que ocorre em homens preferencialmente a partir da sexta década de vida. Análises utilizando métodos em genética molecular são extremamente limitadas nesses tumores. Esse projeto teve como objetivos identificar alterações no número de cópias genômicas e no padrão de expressão gênica, bem como o perfil integrado dos dados genômicos e transcriptômicos, para determinar biomarcadores relevantes em tumores de pênis. Foram obtidas 48 lesões penianas, sendo 43 carcinomas de células escamosas (CEC) primários, dois carcinomas in situ (CIS), uma hiperplasia (HP), uma metástase e uma recidiva. A genotipagem do HPV foi realizada para 47 amostras utilizando o kit Linear Array HPV Test Genotyping (Roche, CA, USA). A plataforma 4x44K (Agilent Technologies, CA, USA) foi utilizada para análises de alterações no número de cópias genômicas (n=43) e na expressão de transcritos (n=42). A análise dos dados genômicos foi realizada no programa Nexus 6.0 (Biodiscovery, CA, USA) e dos dados de expressão pelo software TMeV 4.5 (http://www.tm4.org). A integração dos dados foi realizada em 37 casos com dados disponíveis para as duas metodologias usando a correlação de Pearson. A análise funcional in silico dos genes alterados foi realizada com o software Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA - Ingenuity® Systems, http://www.ingenuity.com). A confirmação dos dados ocorreu por qPCR e FISH para as alterações genômicas e RT-qPCR para a expressão dos transcritos. A genotipagem para o HPV revelou positividade em 14/42 CaPe avaliados (33,3%), dois CIS, uma HP e uma metástase. As análises de aCGH mostraram um perfil genômico distinto para carcinomas verrucosos em relação aos outros subtipos histológicos de CEC. Entre os tumores, foram encontradas 1.074 alterações no número de cópias (média de 28,3±17,8 CNAs/indivíduo). Os ganhos genômicos mais comuns foram detectados em 3q, 5p, 8q, 9p, 9q, 20p e 21p, enquanto as perdas ocorreram em 3p, 8p, 9p, 21p e Y...

Penile cancer is a rare malignancy that occurs predominantly in men after the sixth decade of life. Molecular genetic data in penile cancer are extremely limited. In this study, it was evaluated copy number alterations and global gene expression by large-scale analysis in penile carcinomas, as well as the integrative profile between genomic and transcriptomic data, in order to uncover the main biomarkers in penile tumors. Forty-eight penile lesions were obtained: 43 squamous cell carcinomas (CEC), two in situ carcinoma (CIS), one hyperplasia (HP), one metastasis and one recurrence. HPV genotyping was performed for 47 samples using Linear Array HPV Test Genotyping kit (Roche, CA, USA). Genomic copy number alterations (n=43) and gene expression analysis (n=42) were assessed by 4x44K platforms (Agilent Technologies, CA, USA). Genomic data were analyzed by Nexus 6.0 (Biodiscovery, CA, USA) and gene expression by using TMeV 4.5 software (http://www.tm4.org). Integrative analysis was carried out for 37 penile tumors with both genomic and transcriptomic available data using Pearson correlation. In silico functional analysis of altered genes was performed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software (IPA, Ingenuity® Systems, http://www.ingenuity.com). Data confirmation was performed using qPCR and FISH for copy number alterations, and RT-qPCR for transcript expression results. Fourteen out of 42 penile cancers evaluated (33.3%) were positive for HPV infection, as well as two CIS, one HP and one metastasis. In comparison to other CEC subtypes, aCGH analysis showed differential genomic profile for verrucous carcinomas. Considering tumors, it was found 1.074 copy number alterations (in average, 28.3±17.8 CNA/individual). The most common copy number gains were detected in 3q, 5p, 8q, 9p, 9q, 20p and 21p. Chromosomal losses were found in 3p, 8p, 9p, 21p and Y. Specific alterations on chromosomes 3 and 8 were related to worse outcome and shorter survival. Nineteen differential...

Cáncer de pene: presentación de un caso / Penis cancer: a case presentation

El carcinoma epidermoide es una neoplasia poco frecuente en el pene, que por su localización trae como consecuencias serias afectaciones de la calidad de vida de los pacientes, ocasiona daños tanto físicos, psíquicos como sexuales, por lo que su prevención resulta muy importante. Su causa es multifactorial, las infecciones por papiloma virus humano, así como una inadecuada higiene del pene, favorecen la formación de este tumor. Caso clínico: paciente masculino de 52 años de edad, color de la piel negra, residente en Jeremie, república de Haití, que acudió a consulta de medicina interna por presentar lesión en la piel del pene de cuatro años de evolución, refirió el comienzo de la enfermedad con un "granito" que inicialmente fue diagnosticado y tratado como un condiloma acuminado, al no notar mejoría abandonó el tratamiento y la lesión continuó aumentando de tamaño, se acompañaba de dolor y ardor. Posteriormente apareció una secreción uretral, de color amarillento y mal oliente, recibió tratamiento con ciprofloxacino donde desapareció la misma; pero cuatro meses después reapareció otra lesión pequeña en el cuerpo del pene, la cual creció rápidamente de forma exfoliaría, acompañada de secreción purulenta por la uretra y otros signos importantes de sepsis, por tal motivo recibió tratamiento con antimicrobianos , una vez que se controló la infección local del pene se tomaron las muestras para el estudio histológico.

Epidermoid carcinoma is an infrequent neoplasia of penis that because of its localization has serious consequences in the quality of life of patients causing either physical, psychical as sexual damage that is why its prevention is so important. It has multifactorial cause; infections by human papilloma virus, as well as an inadequate hygiene of penis favor the formation of this tumor. Clinical case: a 52 years old, black race, male patient, resident in Jeremie, Republic of Haiti, came to the internal medicine consultation with a skin lesion in the penis of 4 years of evolution which started as a small “pimple” initially diagnosed and treated as a condyloma acuminatum. The patient abandoned treatment after no improvement, and the lesion continued growing accompanied by pain and burning. Later a yellowish fetid urethral secretion appeared. He was treated with ciprofloxacin and the lesion disappeared. But 4 months later another lesion in the body of penis appeared, growing quickly accompanied by purulent secretion through the urethra as well as other relevant signs. Due to this, the patient was treated with antimicrobials. Once the local infections of penis were under control, samples for a further histological study were collected.

Aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos associados ao câncer de pênis / Clinico-epidemiological aspects associated with penile cancer

O objetivo desta revisão bibliográfica foi descrever a epidemiologia, o comportamento biológico dos tumores e os fatores de risco para o câncer de pênis, como a infecção pelo HPV. A fimose e os processos de irritação crônica relacionados à má higiene estão comumente associados com esse tumor, enquanto a circuncisão neonatal protege contra a aparição da doença. Existe forte evidência da associação dos HPV 16 e 18 com o carcinoma peniano em mais de 50 por cento dos casos. Pacientes com lesões penianas suspeitas devem se submeter ao exame físico, geralmente sendo este suficiente para determinar o diagnóstico e o estadiamento, assim como auxiliar na escolha terapêutica.

The general objective of this article is to review the current literature regarding the epidemiology, biological behavior and risk factors for penile cancer development, such as HPV infection. Phimosis and chronic irritation related to poor hygiene are commonly associated with penile cancer, whereas neonatal circumcision reduces the relative risk for the disease. There is strong evidence that HPV types 16 and 18 are associated with penile carcinoma in as many as 50 percent of cases. Patients with penile lesions should undergo physical examination, which is often sufficient to diagnose and to define tumor stagging, as well as contributes to decision-making regarding therapeutical approaches and case management.

Carcinoma epidermoide de pene / Penis epidermoidal carcinoma

Se trata de un adulto, blanco, masculino, de 58 años, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial, y lesiones en el pene desde hace aproximadamente más de veinte años, las cuales fueron aumentando en tamaño, variando su localización. Hace dos años se valoró como un condiloma acuminado, pero no llevó tratamiento. Se valora en nuestro hospital porque veinte días atrás las lesiones tomaron aspecto tumoral, comenzaron a abscedarse, ulcerarse. Se valoró el caso en conjunto con Dermatología, Urología. Después de varios tratamientos antibióticos se logró biopsiar la lesión. El caso es interesante por lo infrecuente de la localización de las lesiones en nuestro paciente y el grado de avance de la enfermedad.

It deals with a 58-years-old male, white man, with antecedents of blood hypertension, and increasing lesions in the penis since around 20 years ago, with changing locations. Two years ago it was diagnosed as acuminated condylomas, but it was not treated. The patient attended our hospital because twenty days ago the lesions adopted a tumor like aspect, and began to get abscessed, to ulcerate. The case was evaluated together with Dermatology and Urology. After some antibiotic treatments, it was obtained a biopsy of the lesion. The case is interesting because of the uncommon localization of the lesions in our patient and the increased level of the disease.

Pseudo papillary tumour of pancreas

During 05 years period from January 2003 to December 2007, 45 cases of Ca. Pancreas were reported to LINAR and only one case of Pseudo Papillary Tumour of Pancreas is registered. It is a rare, low malignant potential pancreatic tumour. It has unknown pathogenesis and found in young females. We report a case of 24 years old female, who presented with pain in abdomen and low grade fever of 07 months duration. Lepratomy and excisional biopsy was done. H/P came as Pseudo Papillary Tumour of Pancreas. At presentation no any L.N. were found enlarged. Like other malignant pancreatic tumours, this neoplasm does not metastasize. Its definitive treatment is complete surgical removal, no any role of chemotherapy because it doesn't metastasize, limited role of radiotherapy in local invasive tumour or in residual mass

Neoplasias genitales intraepiteliales: a propósito de dos pacientes inmunosuprimidos / Penile intraepithelial neoplasia: two case report

Las neoplasias genitales intraepiteliales constituyen lesiones que afectan a todo el espesor de la epidermis e incluyen entidades específicas, como la eritroplasia de Queyrat, la enfermedad de Bowen y papulosis bowenoide. Actualmente se describe aumento de la frecuencia de neoplasias intraepiteliales, pero la real incidencia de los carcinomas in situ genitales es desconocida. Se describen factores predisponentes, tanto para las neoplasias in situ como para los carcinomas invasores, dentro de los que se encuentran los pacientes no circuncidados, deficiente higiene genital, balanitis recurrente, liquen escleroso, fimosis, inmunosupresión, infección por virus papiloma humano, etc. Existen distintas terapias descritas para estas lesiones; sin embargo, aún no hay consenso en su manejo. Las opciones de tratamiento dependen de la localización, de la extensión de la enfermedad, costo de la terapia, etc. En general se ha descrito recidiva de las lesiones, con todos los tratamientos mencionados; no obstante, la cirugía micrográfica de Mohs es considerada por algunos autores la terapia de elección en estos casos. En este artículo se presentan dos casos de neoplasias genitales intraepiteliales tratadas con Imiquimod 5 por ciento y 5-Fluoracilo con buenos resultados.

The intraepithelial neoplasias of genitals are lesions that affect all the thickness of the epidermis and include specific carcinomas such as erythroplasia of Queyrat, Bowen’s disease and bowenoid papulosis. Presently, there is an increase in the frequency of intraepithelial neoplasias, but the real incidence of in situ genital carcinoma is unknown. Many predisposing factors are described for both in situ and invasive carcinomas, for example, the lack of circumcision, poor genital hygiene, recurrent balanitis, penile lichen sclerosus, phimosis, immune suppression, HPV infections, etc. Different therapies are described for these illnesses, but there is no uniform guideline assessment. Treatment depends on location, extension of the illness, cost of the therapy, etc. In general, recurrence of carcinomas has been described with all treatments, although Mohs micrographic surgery is considered by some authors as the therapy of choice in these cases. We present two cases of intraepithelial neoplasias of genitals that were treated with Imiquimod 5 percent and 5-Fluoracilo with positive results.

[Diagnosis and treatment of penile tumors, report of 2 cases and review of the literature]

Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis is rare, representing less than 1% of all adult cancers. The etiology of this cancer is still unknown, but many risk factors have been suggested, above all the human papilloma virus. The authors describe two cases of infiltrating penile tumors. The first patient presented with a glandular tumor of 5 cm which was treated by a distal penile amputation. The second patient had a ventrally located penile tumor associated with a urethral fistula. He was subjected to total penectomy with bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy. Postoperatively, he developed lymphorrhea which resolved spontaneously. Surgery remains the treatment of choice for penile tumors and consists - depending on the case - of wide excision, partial or total penectomy with perineal urethrostomy

Cáncer de pene: evolución a largo plazo de 31 casos consecutivos / Penis cancer: long term evolution in 31 consecutive cases

Se presenta una cohorte de 33 pacientes con cáncer de pene y seguimiento hasta por 140 meses, de los cuales se excluyó a 2 por datos incompletos e inubicables. Son pacientes principalmente añosos con promedio de edad del grupo de 71 años. Se analizaron retrospectivamente datos demográficos, de tratamiento, de evolución clínica y de sobrevida utilizando los datos del Registro Civil para certificar fallecimiento y causa de muerte. El motivo de consulta fue tumor en 54 por ciento, la localización más frecuente de la lesión fue en el glande en 84 por ciento. De los 31 pacientes 5 fallecieron por una causa distinta al cáncer de pene. Clasificados según TNM 1997, el 81 por ciento era T2. El tratamiento fue penectomía parcial en 87 por ciento, 10 por ciento emasculación y 3 por ciento biopsia excisional. En todo el grupo la mortalidad cáncer específica fue de 46 por ciento. La sobrevida actuarial en T1N0 fue 75 por ciento, en T1N2 42 por ciento a más de 100 meses. En cambio ningún paciente T2N3 estaba vivo a 64 meses. Considerando el grado de diferenciación tumoral, en los bien diferenciados 68 por ciento a 70 meses, en moderadamente diferenciados 42 por ciento a 70 meses y en los mal diferenciados todos muertos a los 35 meses. Considerando solo los pacientes en etapa T2 el 50 por ciento falleció por cáncer. Sin embargo, en este grupo falleció solo 29 por ciento de los tumores bien diferenciados, 60 por ciento de los moderadamente diferenciados y 100 por ciento de los mal diferenciados. De los datos expuestos aparece claro que la mayor mortalidad se concentra en las etapas T2 o superiores con tumores moderadamente o mal diferenciados, lo que implica que se debe realizar tratamiento agresivo y radical en estos pacientes.

Primary Kaposi's sarcoma of peris

Kaposi's sarcoma rarely involves penis and is usually accompanied by other cutaneous, mucous or visceral lesions. We report a case of Kaposi's sarcoma of penis. Although Kaposi's sarcoma is known to be associated with an altered immune status, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS] and other causes of immunodeficiency were not found in this case

Diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico do câncer de pênis: a importância da biópsia pelo cirurgião geral / Clinical and histological diagnosis of penis cancer: the importance of biopsy by the surgeon

O câncer de pênis é uma afecção que ainda possui alta incidência, principalmente nos países em desenvolvimento. A maior parte dos pacientes que procuram o cirurgião geral ou os serviços de urgência é triada inadequadamente. Com base nessas observações, este artigo pretende sugerir uma sistematização de atendimento e fornecer fundamentação teórica, sob revisão de literatura. Acredita-se que, com o conhecimento e prática adequados, o cirurgião ou qualquer profissional de urgência serão capazes de diagnosticar essa neoplasia, utilizando o exame clínico e executando a biópsia na primeira consulta, e assim poderão encaminhar o paciente à terapêutica no momento mais oportuno.

Penis cancer has a significant incidence rate, especially in underdeveloped country. Most patients who seek a general surgeon or an urgency service are not properly assisted. With adequate knowledge and practice, the surgeon or another physician will be able of diagnose this neoplasm through clinical examination and make the biopsy on first visit referring the patient to a specialist.