Hematuria macroscópica como signo inicial del cáncer primario de uretra. Reporte de caso / Macroscopic hematuria as an initial sign of primary urethral cancer. Case report

Fundamento: El cáncer primario de uretra se define como el tumor cuya primera lesión se localiza en la uretra; es infrecuente, el mismo representa menos del 1 % de los tumores malignos y el 5 % de los tumores malignos del sistema urinario. La extensión de este proceso a la glándula prostática genera sintomatología urinaria obstructiva e irritativa y cuadros agudos como la hematuria macroscópica. Objetivo: Presentar el caso de un paciente con cáncer primario de uretra en su variedad urotelial con hematuria macroscópica como forma clínica de presentación. Presentación del caso: Caso clínico de un paciente masculino de 75 años de edad, con hematuria macroscópica como forma clínica de presentación de cáncer primario de uretra en su variedad urotelial, el cual se diagnosticó anatomopatológicamente durante el estudio de la hematuria. Conclusiones: El caso que se presenta permite alertar a la comunidad científica que en pacientes que presentan hematuria macroscópica, sin manifestaciones urológicas obstructivas ni irritativas, también debe tenerse en cuenta el diagnóstico de cáncer uretral primario, aunque sea un signo infrecuente como forma clínica de presentación de esa enfermedad.

Background: Primary urethral cancer is defined as a tumor whose first lesion is located in the urethra; is very uncommon, represents less than 1% of malignant tumors and 5% of malignant tumors of the urinary system. The extension of this process to the prostate gland creates obstructive and irritative urinary symptoms and acute conditions such as macroscopic hematuria. Objective: To present the case of a patient with primary urethral carcinoma in its urothelial variety with macroscopic hematuria as clinical presentation. Case presentation: Clinical case of a 75-year-old male patient, with macroscopic hematuria as a clinical presentation of primary cancer of the urethra in its urothelial variety, diagnosed anatomopathologically during the hematuria study. Conclusions: The case presented alerts the scientific community that the diagnosis of primary urethral cancer should be considered in patients with macroscopic hematuria in the absence of obstructive or irritative urologic manifestations, although it is a rare sign as clinical presentation of this disease.

Comportamiento de las infecciones del sistema genitourinario en el Hospital Universitario "Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández". Matanzas. 2014-2019 / Behavior of the genitourinary system infections in the University Hospital "Comandante Faustino Perez Hernandez". 2014-2019

RESUMEN Introducción: durante mucho tiempo los términos infección y sepsis han sido utilizados en forma alternativa, la tendencia actual es referirse al término infección como proceso bacteriano dependiente del germen. Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento de las infecciones urológicas en el servicio de urología del Hospital Universitario Comandante "Faustino Pérez Hernández", Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, a los pacientes atendidos en el servicio de urología del hospital Faustino Pérez, mediante el método de pesquisaje activo en el periodo comprendido desde enero de 2014 hasta diciembre de 2019. Resultados: se comprobó que la mayor parte de la población sometida a estudio es adulta mayor, predominando el sexo masculino. Entre las patologías crónicas asociadas a infecciones se encuentran la diabetes mellitus, la insuficiencia renal crónica, las inmunodeficiencias. El uso de catéteres se presentó en más de un 64% de los pacientes con infecciones. La echerichia coli fue el germen de mayor incidencia seguido de la klepsiella, pseudomonas. Conclusiones: la hiperplasia benigna de próstata, las litiasis, estenosis uretrales y los tumores uroteliales y prostático, son las principales causas obstructivas asociadas a infecciones. Un grupo importante de los pacientes operados presentaron infección del sitio quirúrgico. La sensibilidad bacteriana ante los antibióticos mostró mayor sensibilidad a meropenem, aztreonam y amikacina (AU).

Summary Introduction: the terms infection and sepsis have being alternatively used during many years; the current tendency is referring to the term infection as a germ- dependent bacterial process. Objective: to characterize the behavior of urologic infections in urological service of the University Hospital "Comandante Faustino Perez Hernandez". Materials and methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional research has been made to the patients who have attended the urology service of the University Hospital "Comandante Faustino Perez Hernandez", using the method of active screening in the period from January 2014 until December 2019. Results: it was proved that the biggest part of the studied population is elder adult people, predominating the male sex. Diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, immunodeficiency were found among the chronic diseases associated to infections. The use of catheters was present in more than 64% of patients. Echerichia coli was the germ with highest incidence, followed by Klepsiella, andPseudomonas. Conclusions: benign prostatic hyperplasia, lithiasis, urethral stenosis, prostatic and urothelial tumors are the main obstructive causes associated to infections. An important group of patients who underwent surgery presented infections at the surgical site. Bacteria showed higher sensitivity to antibiotics like meropenem, aztreonam and amikacin (AU).

Male urethral sarcoma: a case report and literature review / Sarcoma de uretra masculina: relato de caso e revisão de literatura

Urethral tumors are rare and aggressive. They usually affect men (2:1) and occur more commonly in white (85% of cases). Soft tissue sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors that arise from embryonic mesoderm. It represents 1% of all cases of urinary tract malignancies and rarely primary affect the ureter. We report a case of male urethral sarcoma. To date, only two similar cases have been published in literature.

Os tumores de uretra são muito raros e bastante agressivos. Acometem mais frequentemente homens (2:1) e são mais comuns na raça branca (85% dos casos). Os sarcomas de tecidos moles são um grupo heterogêneo de tumores que surgem a partir da mesoderme embrionária e representam 1% de todos os casos de doença maligna urinária, raramente acometendo a uretra primariamente. Relamos aqui um caso extremamente raro de sarcoma uretral masculino com somente dois semelhantes publicados na literatura.

Compartment Syndrome followed by Inflammatory Myositis in a Patient with Urethral Cancer / 대한내과학회지

Inflammatory myositis is a heterogeneous group of rare diseases characterized by inflammation of the skeletal muscle. The association between cancer and inflammatory myositis is well established, with most cancer-associated myopathies diagnosed within 2 years of initial diagnosis. However, despite this strong association, inflammatory myositis as a paraneoplastic syndrome of urethral cancer has not been reported in Korea. Furthermore, compartment syndrome in the context of inflammatory myositis is extremely rare. A 69 year-old woman presented with paresthesia and painful swelling of the right lower extremity 2 months after diagnosis with urethral cancer, which was treated by chemoradiotherapy. Painful numbness was particularly severe when extending the knee, leading to a preliminary diagnosis of myositis with compartment syndrome, which was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. After fascia resection, the patient was treated with high dose steroid and immunoglobulin therapy. Here, we report a case of compartment syndrome followed by inflammatory myositis in a patient with urethral cancer.

Survival Outcomes and Predictive Factors for Female Urethral Cancer: Long-term Experience with Korean Patients

The aim of this study was to evaluate female urethral cancer (UCa) patients treated and followed-up during a time period spanning more than 20 yr at single institution in Korea. We reviewed medical records of 21 consecutive patients diagnosed with female UCa at our institution between 1991 and 2012. After exclusion of two patients due to undefined histology, we examined clinicopathological variables, as well as survival outcomes of 19 patients with female UCa. A Cox proportional hazards ratio model was used to identify significant predictors of prognosis according to variables. The median age at diagnosis was 59 yr, and the median follow-up duration was 87.0 months. The most common initial symptoms were voiding symptoms and blood spotting. The median tumor size was 3.4 cm, and 55% of patients had lesions involving the entire urethra. The most common histologic type was adenocarcinoma, and the second most common type was urothelial carcinoma. Fourteen patients underwent surgery, and 7 of these patients received adjuvant radiation or systemic chemotherapy. Eleven patients experienced tumor recurrence after primary therapy. Patients with high stage disease, advanced T stage (> or =T3), and positive lymph nodes had worse survival outcomes compared to their counterparts. Particularly, lymph node positivity and advanced T stage were significant predictive factors for all survival outcomes. Tumor location was the only significant predictor for recurrence-free survival. Although our study included a small number of patients, it conveys valuable information about this rare female urologic malignancy in a Korean population.

Tumores de la uretra en el adulto / Urethra tumors in adult

Los tumores de uretra, benignos y malignos, en adultos de ambos sexos, son una entidad poco frecuente. La sintomatología, el exámen físico y los estudios complementarios nos permitirán realizar una orientación diagnóstica inicial, pero será la biopsia la que nos dé el diagnóstico definitivo que nos permitirá diferenciar entre un tumor benigno y el cáncer de uretra, cuyo concepto es primordial para la decisión terapéutica ulterior. En general, los tumores uretrales suelen tener una sintomatología común. Los benignos son candidatos para resección quirúrgica, siendo importante considerar aquellas entidades cuyo comportamiento es potencialmente neoplásico ya que deberán tener un seguimiento más estrecho. En cuanto al cáncer uretral hay que considerar que el pronóstico está determinado fundamentalmente por la ubicación anatómica, el tamaño y la profundidad invasora de la neoplasia siendo la histología de menor importancia en la respuesta terapéutica y en la sobrevida. El primer paso terapéutico es el control locorregional quirúrgico de la enfermedad con un margen libre de tumor de 2 cm, debiendo plantearse tratamiento adyuvante con quimioterapia y / o radioterapia en aquellos casos en los que no se pueda conseguir este margen. En casos seleccionados la radioterapia puede ser indicada en monoterapia con intención curativa.

Benign and malignant urethral tumors, in adults of both sexes, are a rare entity. Their symptoms, physical examination, and additional studies will allow us to perform an initial diagnostic approach, but it is the biopsy what will differentiate a benign tumor form cancer. In general, urethral tumors often have common symptoms. Benign tumors can usually be managed with surgical resection, but it is important to consider those entities whose behaviour is potentially neoplastic requiring a closer follow up. The prognosis of urethral cancer is determined mainly by the anatomical location, the size and depth of invasion of the tumor. Histology is of second importance in terms of therapeutic response and survival. The first step in treatment is surgical locoregional control of the disease with a tumor-free margin of 2 cm. Adjuvant chemotherapy and / or radiotherapy should be considered in those cases where this margin cannot be obtained. In selected cases, radiation therapy may be given as monotheraphy with curative intent.

Hemangioma de uretra anterior, tratamiento con láser Holmium: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Hemangioma of the anterior urethra, Holmium laser treatment. Case report and literature review

El hemangioma uretral es una causa muy infrecuente de uretrorragia. Es un tumor benigno que tiende a recurrir si el tratamiento no es el adecuado. El método diagnóstico de elección es la uretrocistoscopía orientada por una adecuada y exhaustiva anamnesis. Existen diferentes modalidades de tratamiento las que deben ser individualizadas según las características del hemangioma. Presentamos el caso de un paciente joven con uretrorragia intermitente secundario a hemangioma único en uretra anterior tratado mediante fotocoagulación con láser Holmium.

Urethral hemangioma is a rare cause of urethral bleeding. It is a benign tumor that tends to recur if treatment is not adequate. The diagnostic method of choice is urethrocystoscopy guided by adequate and thorough history. There are different treatment modalities, which should be individualized according to the characteristics of the hemangioma. We report the case of a young patient with intermittent urethral bleeding due to a single hemangioma in anterior urethra treated by holmium laser photocoagulation.

Multiple urethral metastases from prostate adenocarcinoma after radical prostatectomy: a case report and literature review / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mechanism and management of multiple urethral metastases from prostate adenocarcinoma after radical prostatectomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We summed up the experience in the management of a case of multiple urethral metastases from prostate adenocarcinoma after radical prostatectomy and reviewed relevant literature. The patient was a 79-year-old male, who had received radical prostatectomy for prostate adenocarcinoma 13 years before, and presented with macrohematuria and dysuria in the past 2 weeks. A nodule (1.0 x 0.5 cm) was found in the urethral meatus. Cystourethroscopy revealed multiple tumors in the urethra and biopsy indicated them to be metastases from prostate adenocarcinoma. The preoperative level of PSA was 3.01 microg/L. As treatment, we performed radical urethrectomy and cystostomy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Postoperative pathology showed multiple metastases of prostate adenocarcinoma to the urethra, involving the urethral sphincter and corpus spongiosum. Immunohistochemistry revealed PSA (+), PsAP(+), AR(+) and CK 7(-). The surgical margin was negative. The patient recovered well postoperatively, with a PSA level of 1.00 microg/L.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Urethral metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma after radical prostatectomy is rarely seen clinically. For the treatment of multiple urethral metastases, surgery is the first choice and radical urethrectomy is an appropriate management.</p>

Anterior Urethrectomy for Primary Carcinoma of the Female Urethra Mimicking a Urethral Caruncle / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

Here we report a case of primary carcinoma of the female urethra. A 52-year-old woman presented with a palpable urethral mass associated with intermittent pain that she first experienced a few months prior. Clinical examination showed a urethral mass that appeared to be a caruncle; therefore, simple carunclectomy was performed. However, on histological examination, the mass was revealed to be a squamous cell carcinoma; therefore, anterior urethrectomy was performed. During a 4-year follow-up period, the patient has been well with no dysuria, dyspareunia, or incontinence.

Leiomioma uretral durante a gravidez: relato de caso / Urethral leiomyoma during pregnancy: a case report

The authors report a case of urethral leiomyoma diagnosed during pregnancy, which was conservatively treated up to the 38th week, when the pregnancy was interrupted. Thirty days after delivery, exeresis of the lesion was performed from the upper border of the urethral meatus and sutured with interrupted delayed-absorbable suture. The patient evolved favorably and presented no lesion recurrence during three months of follow up.

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the male urethral tract.

We present a rare case of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the male bulbomembranous urethra. Mostly these tumors have been described in the female urethral tract with its possible origin from mullerian remnants, wolffian remnants or paraurethral glands. Histologically, these tumors have typically tubulocystic pattern comprising of hobnailed cells with clear glycogenated cytoplasm along with well-defined cytoplasmic membranes. This case is being presented due to its rarity, aggressive behavior and to discuss, trauma as its possible etiological factor

Sarcoma de uretra masculina: relato de caso e revisão de literatura / Sarcoma of the male urethra: a case report and literature review

Os tumores de uretra são muitos raros e bastante agressivos, acometendo mais frequentemente mulheres (4:1) e são mais comuns na raça branca (85% dos casos). Os sarcomas de tecidos moles são um grupo heterogêneo de tumores que surgem a partir da mesoderme embrionária, que representa 1 a 2% de todos os casos de doença maligna urinária. Os sarcomas em geral possuem como formas mais comum o lipossarcoma, seguido do histiocitoma maligno e do leiomiossarcoma. Diferentemente, os sarcomas geniturinários apresentam os subtipos mais os leiomiossarcoma, seguido do lipossarcoma e do rabdomiossarcoma. O caso relatado trata-se de um homem de 73 anos, com cardiopatia isquêmica prévia e história de hematúria macroscópica há um ano, que iniciou intermitente e tornou-se constante. Na investigação de hematúria, a Ressonância Nuclear Magnética demonstrou uma lesão em uretra posterior extensa que invadia próstata, bexiga, tecido perivesical, sem alteração de trato urinário alto e metástase a distância. A uretrocistoscopia visualizou lesão acastanhada na uretra, submetida a biópsia que revelou um sarcoma uretral avançado. O paciente foi submetido a cistoprostatectomia, com emasculação, linfadenectomia pélvica, ureteroileostomia à Bricker e apresentava programação de tratamento adjuvante com radioterapia e quimioterapia, porém apresentou novo episódio de infarto agudo do miocárdio evoluindo a óbito no pós-operatório precoce

Sarcoma de uretra masculina: relato de caso e revisão de literatura

Os tumores de uretra são muitos raros e bastante agressivos, acometendo mais frequentemente mulheres (4:1) e são mais comuns na raça branca (85% dos casos). Os sarcomas de tecidos moles são um grupo heterogêneo de tumores que surgem a partir da mesoderme embrionária, que representa 1 a 2% de todos os casos de doença maligna urinária. Os sarcomas em geral possuem como formas mais comum o lipossarcoma, seguido do histiocitoma maligno e do leiomiossarcoma. Diferentemente, os sarcomas geniturinários apresentam os subtipos mais os leiomiossarcoma, seguido do lipossarcoma e do rabdomiossarcoma. O caso relatado trata-se de um homem de 73 anos, com cardiopatia isquêmica prévia e história de hematúria macroscópica há um ano, que iniciou intermitente e tornou-se constante. Na investigação de hematúria, a Ressonância Nuclear Magnética demonstrou uma lesão em uretra posterior extensa que invadia próstata, bexiga, tecido perivesical, sem alteração de trato urinário alto e metástase a distância. A uretrocistoscopia visualizou lesão acastanhada na uretra, submetida a biópsia que revelou um sarcoma uretral avançado. O paciente foi submetido a cistoprostatectomia, com emasculação, linfadenectomia pélvica, ureteroileostomia à Bricker e apresentava programação de tratamento adjuvante com radioterapia e quimioterapia, porém apresentou novo episódio de infarto agudo do miocárdio evoluindo a óbito no pós-operatório precoce

Primary male urethral cancer: management and prognosis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To further investigate the management and prognosis of primary urethral cancer in male.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We treated 3 cases of primary urethral cancer from 2001 to 2011 and followed them up for recurrence and survival.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 3 male patients all received adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, and 2 of them were treated by distal urethrectomy, while the other underwent no surgery. Follow-up visits revealed 2 cases of metastasis and 1 case of death.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Primary cancer of the male urethra is a rare malignancy with poor prognosis, for which radical resection is the main treatment method. Those in the relatively advanced stage can be treated by a combined method of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.</p>

Bladder outlet obstruction in a 5 years boy

We report a 5 years old boy with bladder outlet obstruction secondary to a fibroepithelial polyp of prostatic urethra. The micturating cystourethrogram showed a filling defect in the posterior urethra. Cystourethroscopy revealed a polyp in the prostatic urethra proximal to the verumontanum. Transurethral resection was done and histopathology confirmed fibroepithelial polyp of the urethra