Patients with a negative cystoscopy and negative Nmp22® Bladderchek® test are at low risk of missed transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a prospective evaluation

OBJECTIVES: Urine based tumor markers have uncertain utility in diagnosis or surveillance of patients with bladder cancer while cytology is commonly used. We evaluated whether cytology provides additional diagnostic information in patients with a negative NMP22® BladderChek® test (BladderChek) and negative cystoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed subset analyses of 2 large prospective multi-center databases evaluating BladderChek for UCB detection and surveillance. These cohorts were analyzed for presence of cancer and result of urine cytology in setting of a negative cystoscopy and negative BladderChek. Subsequently, we prospectively performed cystoscopy, cytology and BladderChek on 434 patients at our institution being evaluated for UCB. RESULTS: In the detection database (n = 1331), 1065 patients had a negative cystoscopy and BladderChek. There were 3 cancers (stages Ta, Tis and T1) and cytology was atypical in one and reactive in two. In the surveillance cohort (n = 668) patients, 437 patients had negative cystoscopy and BladderChek. Cancer was found in 2 patients (stages Tis and Ta). The patient with Tis has dysplastic cytology and Ta tumor had reactive cytology. In our cohort of 434 patients, 288 pts had negative cystoscopy and BladderChek. One cancer was missed, a Ta ureteral urothelial carcinoma with a reactive cytology. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with negative cystoscopy and BladderChek, very few cancers are missed and cytology was not effective in detection. Use of a point-of-care test in conjunction with cystoscopy in lieu of cytology could decrease cost, provide immediate results, improve negative predictive value and reduce the uncertainty that results from inconclusive cytologic results.

Evaluation of the NMP22 test and comparison with voided urine cytology in the detection of bladder cancer

The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical performance of the NMP22 test and to compare it with that of voided urine cytology for the detection of bladder cancer. The NMP22 test was evaluated in two groups of patients. The first group was comprised of patients with histologically confirmed active transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder, and the second group contained those with a history of bladder TCC but that were considered to have no evidence of disease on the basis of cystoscopic evaluation of bladder and/or biopsy. Sensitivity was determined in voided urine samples from patients with active TCC of the bladder. Specificity was determined in the urine samples of patients with a history of bladder TCC but no current evidence of disease. The NMP22 test was positive in 53 of 70 samples from patients with active bladder TCC. The sensitivity of the NMP22 test (75.7%) is significantly better than that of voided urine cytology (55.7%). The specificity of the NMP22 test and of voided urine cytology were 72.2% and 88.9% respectively, in patients with a history of bladder TCC but no current evidence of disease. There was no significant difference between the specificity of NMP22 and that of urine cytology. The NMP22 test is superior to voided urine cytology in the detection of TCC of the bladder. The results of this study indicate that the NMP22 test is an useful adjunct to cystoscopy in the detection and monitoring of TCC of the bladder.

Carcinoma transicional de vejiga: valor pronóstico del análisis de adn en citología urinaria / Transitional cell carcinoma of the badder: prognostic value of dna análisis in urinary cytology

La citología urinaria es un precedimiento aceptado en el diagnóstico y seguimiento del carcinoma transicional (CT) de vrjiga. Para estudiar su sensibilidad y evaluar parámetros pronósticos, realizamos el análisis de ADN a muestras de orina de 72 pacientes con CT de vejiga comprobado histológicamente. Se examinaron los extendidos realizados con citocentrífuga y coloreadas con técnica de papanicolau convencional. Los mismos extendidos, obtenidos de muestras previas a la biopsia, fueron decolorados y recoloreados de acuerdo con la técnica de Feulgen. Con un analizados de imágenes se evaluó la ploidía nuclear, el grado de malignidad (GM)(Bocking y colaboradores, 1986) y los eventos mayores de 5c (5cE). El seguimiento clínico promedio fue de 33 meses. La citología convencional con técnica de Papanicolau fue positiva en 44 casos (61,11 por ciento), que incluían 6/17 CT grado (G)I: 24/35 GII y 14/20 GIII. Los histogramas fueron diploides en 9 casos (12,5 por ciento), y aneuploides en 63 (87,5 por ciento); fueron aneuploides en 13/17 de los tumores GI (76,5 por ciento), 32/35 GIII (91,4 por ciento), y 18/20 GIII (90 por ciento). Combinando los dos métodos, la positividad total fue de 65/72 (93,05 ppor ciento). Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas cuando se correlacionó el índice de ADN (p<0,02), GM (p<0,001) y 5cE (p<0,001) con la sobrevida global y libre de enfermedad. El análisis de ADN es útil para aumentar la sensibilidad de la citología urinaria. Los datos de esta serie indican también que la determinación del índice de ADN, GM y 5cE por AI son de valor pronóstico en CT de vejiga

Relación entre la expresión de antigenos ABH en cancer de vejiga y caracter secretor / The relationship between the expression of ABH secretor character

Existe amplia evidencia de que el cáncer está asociado con anormalidades en la regulación génetica expresada en la superficie de la membrana celular. El 80 por ciento de los individuos son capaces de secretar los antígenos ABH en saliva y otras secreciones. La presencia de estas sustancias está controlada por un gen que puede adoptar dos formas alélicas: SE dominante y SE recesiva. El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la relación entre la expresión antigénica ABH en célkulas de descamación urotelial y el carácter secretor en pacientes con cáncer de vejiga. Se examinaron 33 pacientes con tumores de vejiga clasificados en superficiales y profundos y una población de 40 individuos normales. Se investigó el carácter secretor en saliva y la expresión de los antígenos ABH uroteliales en sedimentos urinario. Se empleó para estos estudios la técnica de inhibición de la aglutinación. En la población normal todos expresaron los antígenos ABH en células de sedimento urinario y sólo el 80 por ciento presentó dichos antígenos en sus secreciones. En los pacientes con cáncer de vejiga el 30,31 por ciento resultó no secretor y de ellos el 70 por ciento presentó deleción antigénica ABH en sedimento urinario con mayor incidencia de tumores profundos. Nuestros resultados indicarían que los pacientes con cáncer de vejiga no secretores desarrollarían tumores con mayor grado de infiltración respecto de los pacientes secretores

Efeitos de sais de sódio, potássio e cálcio sobre a composiçäo da urina e sobre o epitélio da bexiga de ratos machos F344 / Effects of sodium, potassium and calcium salts on the urine composition and on the bladder epithelium of F344 male rats

íons sódio, potássio e alcalinidade da urina säo fatores importantes na proliferaçäo celular e na carcinogênese da bexiga de ratos. No presente estudo foram investigados os efeitos de vários sais de sódio, de potássio e de cálcio, fornecidos via raçäo em doses equimolares a 8,24 por cento de sacarina sódica, sobre a composiçäo urinária e sobre o epitélio da bexiga de ratos machos da linhagem F344. Lesöes urinárias estiveram relacionadas a pH acima de 6,5, a sais sódicos e potássicos de sacarina e de ácido ascórbico, e à presença de precipitados amorfos na urina. Embora alguns sais de cálcio produzissem pH elevado e precipitados urinários, eles näo aumentaram o desenvolvimento de lesöes proliferativas da bexiga. Sais de cloretos e carbonatos exerceram efeito discreto. Os precipitados amorfos näo parecem estar relacionados às alteraçöes proliferativas na bexiga de ratos tratados com sais de K+ e Ca++. Os resultados confirmaram a hipótese de que múltiplos fatores säo necessários para que sais de sódio e potássio causem efeitos proliferativos sobre o urotélio.

Study of carcinoembryonic antigen in bilharzial and non bilharzial carcinoma of the urinary bladder

Urine and serum carcinoembryonic antigen [C.E.A] were determined in 43 patients with bilharzial bladder carcinoma [22 patients] and non- bilharzial bladder carcinoma [21 patients] as well as in 10 normal controls. Significant increase of both urine and serum C.E.A. levels in bladder carcinoma patients compared to control levels was detected. Urinary C.E.A. Was elevated in 86% of bilharzial bladder carcinomal versus 62% in non-bilharzial bladder carcinoma while serum C.E.A. Was raised in 39% of bilharzial bladder carcinoma versus 10.5% in non- bilharzial carcinoma. The mean urinary C.E.A. in bilharzial carcinoma was higher than that of non-bilharzial carcinoma but the difference was not statistically significant. There was a definite relationship between urine C.E.A. And the stage of malignancy, the higher the stage, the higher the level of urine C.E.A. No relationship could be detected between the stage of malignancy and serum C.E.A. or between the grade of malignancy and urine or serum C.E.A levels