An innovative technique for customizing the stock acrylic resin ocular prosthesis.

The loss of an eye is a traumatic and common event. The psychological effects of losing an eye are frequently more difficult to deal with than its functional loss. This article describes the management of a child patient with anopthalmic socket, by an innovative technique of customizing the stock acrylic resin ocular prosthesis to get improved esthetics, accurate location of iris-pupil complex and exact fit in the defect.

A simplified approach to fabrication of an ocular prosthesis: A case series.

The eye is a vital organ and an important component of facial expression. Loss of an eye has a crippling effect on the psychology of the patient. Enucleation of the eye is therefore normally followed by fabrication of an ocular prosthesis to improve esthetics. A less complex technique for fabrication of an ocular prosthesis is described in this report of two different cases.

Retinoblastoma bilateral de aparecimento tardio: relato de caso / Late presentation of bilateral retinoblastoma: case report

É relatado um caso de retinoblastoma de aparecimento tardio, com características pouco freqüentes, com o objetivo de melhorar o controle da afecção. Em 1993, SJMMF, nove meses, masculino, leucodermo, apresentou tumor na retina esquerda. O paciente tinha história familiar de retinoblastoma. A enucleação foi realizada, comprovando-se retinoblastoma. Os exames para estadiamento sistêmico foram normais. O olho direito evoluiu normal por dez anos. Em exame de rotina, foram constatadas três lesões de retinoblastoma na retina nasal. Foi feita termoterapia transpupilar, com laser de diodo de 810 nm. Após 30 dias, as lesões regrediram. Após 60 dias houve recidiva na borda da lesão, onde foi realizada crioterapia transescleral, com regressão do tumor por seis meses. Durante o controle, observaram-se condensações próximas à lesão tumoral atrófica (sementes vítreas). Foi feito braquiterapia com Iodo125, havendo desaparecimento das mesmas após 30 dias. Novas sementes surgiram três meses pós-braquiterapia, depositadas na superfície retiniana, sendo tratadas com crioterapia transescleral e termoterapia transpupilar, havendo regressão. O paciente evoluiu com nova semente vítrea após seis meses, a qual, após depositar-se na superfície da retina, foi tratada com termoterapia transpupilar. Está em seguimento há 38 meses desde o aparecimento do tumor bilateral, mantendo acuidade visual de 20/20 e exames clínicos normais. Considera-se importante este caso pela pouca freqüência de aparecimento da doença nesta idade. Julga-se necessário o alerta para os casos de retinoblastoma já considerados curados.

A case of retinoblastoma with uncommon features is reported, aiming at improving follow-up. In 1993, SJMMF, 9-month-old white boy, presented a squint in the left eye. A retinal tumor was detected. The patient had a family history of retinoblastoma. Enucleation was performed and retinoblastoma was proved. The patient underwent examination for staging, all were normal. The fellow eye remained normal for 10 years. During routine examination the retina map revealed three retinoblastoma white lesions in the nasal retina. The patient underwent transpupillary thermotherapy with diode laser. After 30 days, the lesions became atrophic. After 60 days there was tumor recurrence on the border of the lesion. Sclera cryotherapy was performed. There was tumor regression for six months. During follow-up, condensations next to the atrophic tumor lesions were discovered, which were vitreous seeds. Brachitherapy with 125 iodine was done. The lesions disappeared after 30 days. New vitreous seeds appeared 3 months later, set on the retina surface. They were blocked with sclera cryotherapy and transpupillary thermotherapy. The patient presented with new vitreous seeds after six months, which adhered to the retina. They were blocked with transpupillary thermotherapy. Follow-up was for 38 months since the appearance of the bilateral tumor. The patient presents normal visual acuity and clinical examination. This case is important considering the low frequency of the disease at this age. It is essential to maintain alertness when cases of retinoblastoma are seen as cured.

Ki-67 cell proliferation in familial and in esporadic unilateral retinoblastoma: case report

PURPOSE: Ki-67 is a nuclear protein that is expressed at all phases of the cell cycle except the resting phase. This study is a clinicopathologic observational case report that aims to report on the cell proliferation rates, as measured by the Ki-67 antigen, in two enucleated retinoblastoma eyes. METHODS: One unilateral familial (mother with unilateral disease - patient 1) and one unilateral sporadic retinoblastoma (patient 2) patients were submitted to enucleation without previous treatment. The tumor cell proliferation rate was assessed by the Ki-67 antigen labeling index (stained cells / 100 cells) in five different fields of the tumor. RESULTS: Patient 1 was 23 months old and the tumor was exophytic with associated neovascularization of the iris; patient 2 was 6 years old and the tumor was endophytic with coarse vitreous seeds. Both enucleated eyes presented optic nerve with free surgical margins. Positive Ki-67 cell index in patient 1 varied from 75 to 90 (MD ± SD: 79.5 ± 6.61) and in patient 2 from 38 to 60 (MD ± SD: 46.6 ± 8.2). CONCLUSIONS: The familial retinoblastoma, besides the earlier age presentation, showed 45.8 percent more Ki-67 positive cells than the same stage sporadic one. This proliferation rate may explain the earlier presentation age of the tumor in the inherited disease.

OBJETIVO: O Ki-67 é antígeno nuclear que se expressa em todas as fases do ciclo celular, exceto no período de repouso. Este é um estudo de casos com correlação clínico-patológica que visa avaliar a taxa de proliferação celular, medida pelo antígeno Ki-67, em 2 olhos enucleados com retinoblastoma. MÉTODOS: Um paciente com retinoblastoma unilateral familiar (mãe com doença unilateral - paciente 1) e outro com retinoblastoma unilateral esporádico (paciente 2) foram submetidos à enucleação ocular sem outro tratamento prévio. A taxa de proliferação celular foi avaliada segundo índice obtido pela contagem de células marcadas com Ki-67, em 5 campos sob microscópia óptica (células marcadas/100 células). RESULTADOS: O paciente 1, com 23 meses de idade, apresentou tumor exofítico com neovascularização de íris associada; o paciente 2, de 6 anos, apresentou tumor de crescimento endofítico, com sementes vítreas importantes. Ambos os olhos enucleados apresentaram margens cirúrgicas do nervo óptico livres de neoplasia. O índice de células positivas no paciente 1 variou de 75 a 90 (Média ± DP: 79,5 ± 6,61), e no paciente 2, de 38 a 60 (Média ± DP: 46,6 ± 8,2). O retinoblastoma familiar, além de sua manifestação em idade mais precoce, apresentou 45,8 por cento mais células positivas que o retinoblastoma esporádico com o mesmo estadiamento. CONCLUSÃO: O retinoblastoma familiar, além de surgimento mais precoce, apresentou 45,8 por cento mais células em proliferação que o retinoblastoma esporádico em mesmo estádio. Essa taxa de proliferação pode explicar a menor idade de aparecimento do tumor nos casos de doença herdada.