Predictive factors of alcohol and tobacco use in adolescents / Fatores preditivos do uso de álcool e tabaco em adolescentes / Factores predictivos del uso de alcohol y tabaco en los adolescentes

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the effect of self-esteem, assertiveness, self-efficacy and resiliency on alcohol and tobacco consumption in adolescents. METHOD: a descriptive and correlational study was undertaken with 575 adolescents in 2010. The Self-Esteem Scale, the Situational Confidence Scale, the Assertiveness Questionnaire and the Resiliency Scale were used. RESULTS: the adjustment of the logistic regression model, considering age, sex, self-esteem, assertiveness, self-efficacy and resiliency, demonstrates significance in the consumption of alcohol and tobacco. Age, resiliency and assertiveness predict alcohol consumption in the lifetime and assertiveness predicts alcohol consumption in the last year. Similarly, age and sex predict tobacco consumption in the lifetime and age in the last year. CONCLUSION: this study can offer important information to plan nursing interventions involving adolescent alcohol and tobacco users. .

OBJETIVOS: analisar o efeito da autoestima, assertividade, autoeficácia e resiliência sobre o consumo de álcool e tabaco em adolescentes. MÉTODO: estudo descritivo correlacional com 575 adolescentes, realizado no ano 2010. Foram utilizadas a Escala de Autoestima, o Questionário de Confiança Situacional, o Questionário de Assertividade e a Escala de Resiliência. RESULTADOS: o ajuste do modelo de regressão logística, considerando a idade, sexo, autoestima, assertividade, autoeficácia e resiliência foi significante em relação ao consumo de álcool e tabaco. A idade, resiliência e assertividade foram preditores do consumo de álcool em algum momento na vida e a idade e a assertividade foram preditores no último ano. Para o consumo de tabaco, a idade e o sexo foram preditores em algum momento na vida e a idade no último ano. CONCLUSÃO: este estudo pode proporcionar informações importantes para o planejamento de intervenções de enfermagem em adolescentes usuários de álcool e tabaco .

OBJETIVOS: analizar el efecto de la autoestima, asertividad, autoeficacia y resiliencia sobre el consumo de alcohol y tabaco en adolescentes. MÉTODO: descritivo correlacional con 575 adolescentes, en 2010. Se utilizaron la Escala de Autoestima, el Cuestionario de Confianza Situacional, el Cuestionario de Asertividad y la Escala de Resiliencia. RESULTADOS: el ajuste del modelo de regresión logística, considerando la edad, sexo, autoestima, asertividad, autoeficacia y resiliencia, muestra significancia en el consumo de alcohol y tabaco. La edad, resiliencia y asertividad predicen el consumo de alcohol alguna vez en la vida y la edad y asertividad en el último año. De la misma forma la edad y sexo predicen el consumo de tabaco alguna vez en la vida y la edad en el último año. CONCLUSIÓN: este estudio puede proporcionar información importante para la planificación de intervenciones en enfermería de los adolecentes usuarios de alcohol y tabaco. .

El sistema lewis hoy. nuevos enfoques / The lewis system today. new approaches

La expresión de antígenos (Ags) Lewis depende de alelos heredados en loci independientes, el gen Secretor (SE) que codifica la fucosiltransferasa 2 (FUT2) y el gen Lewis (LE) que codifica la fucosiltransferasa 3 (FUT3). El gen Se codifica una glicosiltransferasa que adiciona una fucosa en la cadena precursora de tipo 1 formando el Ag H en secreciones y fluidos. Como los azúcares inmunodominantes del Ag A y B pueden ser agregados a la cadena H de tipo 1, la FUT2 también controla la expresión de Ag A y B en las secreciones. El gen se es un alelo no funcional. El gen Le codifica una transferasa diferente que adiciona una fucosa en el 2do carbono en el precursor de tipo 1. El alelo le no es funcional. Las FUT2 y FUT3 interactúan para la formación de Ags Lewis en secreciones y fluídos. Los Ags Lewis en los eritrocitos no son en realidad parte integral de la membrana, están adsorbidos sobre la superficie en forma pasiva a partir del plasma. Están ampliamente distribuidos en tejidos humanos, eritrocitos, endotelio, riñón, tracto genitourinario, epitelio gastrointestinal y son receptores para algunos patógenos. Los anticuerpos (Acs) anti-Lewis en general no son clínicamente significativos, aunque se han publicado algunos casos de reacciones transfusionales hemolíticas, enfermedad hemolítica fetoneonatal y rechazo de transplante renal. Este trabajo es una revisión sobre los Ags del Sistema Lewis enfocada hacia sus diferentes funciones biológicas y su importancia en campos variados fuera del Banco de Sangre y la Inmunohematología tradicional.

The expression of Lewis blood group antigens depends on the alleles inherited at independent loci, FUT2 Secretor gene (SE) and FUT3 Lewis gene (LE). The Se and Le alleles encode separate fucosyltransferases that interact to form Lewis antigens in secretions and fluids. The Lewis antigens on red blood cells are not integral to the membrane but are passively adsorbed from the plasma. The allele Se encodes a transferase that adds fucose to type 1 precursor chains in secretions and fluids to form type 1 H antigen. Because A and B terminal sugars may be added to type 1 H chains, FUT2 also controls A and B expression in secretions. The FUT2 allele se gen is a nonfunctional allele. The FUT3 allele Le encodes a transferase that adds a fucose in other position in type 1 H precursor. The FUT3 allele le gen is a nonfunctional allele. The Le antigens are widely distributed in human tissues and fluids and are receptors for some pathogenic organisms. Lewis antibodies are rare and clinically no significant, although there are some reports of hemolytic transfusion reactions, hemolytic disease of the newborn and renal transplant rejection. This review focuses on different biological functions of Lewis antigens and their importance in some fields other than Blood Banks and traditional.

Un índice neutrófilo/linfocito elevado se asocia a peor pronóstico en cancer de colon etapa II resecado / An elevated neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio is associated with poor prognosis in stage II resected colon cancer

Background: The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio is an effective marker of inflammation ana can have prognostic value in surgical patients. Aim: To evaluate the effect of an increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on perioperative complications ana overall ana disease-free survival in patients undergoing elective resection for stage II colon cancer. Material and Methods: Data was obtained from clinical charts, preoperative blood results and hospital records of all patients undergoing an elective curative resection for colon cancer, between 2000 and 2007. Preoperative NLR was calculated. Follow-up was obtained from a prospectively maintained colorectal cancer database, clinical records and questionnaires. Uni and multivariable analysis were performed to identify associations, and survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: One hundred twenty two patients with a mean age of69years (52% males), were evaluated. Median follow-up was 73 months, and overall survival for 1 and 5years was 95% and 68%, respectively. On a multivariable analysis after adjusting for age, sex, tumor depth invasion, use of adjuvant therapies and American Society of Anesthesiology preoperative risk score, an NLR > 5 was associated with an increased perioperative complication rate (odds ratio: 3,06, p = 0,033). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a worse overall and disease-free survival for patients with NLR greater than five. Conclusions: A preoperative NLR of five or more is associated with greater perioperative morbidity and worse oncological outcomes in patients undergoing resection for elective stage II colon cancer.

Efficiency of diagnostic biomarkers among colonic schistosomiasis Egyptian patients

The schistosomal parasite plays a critical role in the development of malignant lesions in different organs. The pathogenesis of cancer is currently under intense investigation to identify reliable prognostic indices for disease detection. The objective of this paper is to evaluate certain biochemical parameters as diagnostic tools to efficiently differentiate between colonic carcinoma and colonic carcinoma associated with schistosomal infection among Egyptian patients. The parameters under investigation are interleukin 2 (IL-2), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, tissue telomerase, pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activities. The results revealed a significant elevation in the level of the tumour markers IL-2, TNF-α and CEA as well as the activities of LDH, telomerase and G-6-PD among non-bilharzial and bilharzial colonic cancer groups, with a more potent effect in bilharzial infection-associated colonic cancer. A significant inhibition in PK activity was recorded in the same manner as compared to normal tissues. The efficacy of this biomarker was also evaluated through detecting sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values. In conclusion, schistosomal colonic carcinoma patients displayed more drastic changes in all parameters under investigation. The combination of the selected parameters succeeded in serving as biomarkers to differentiate between the two malignant types.

Análisis multivariado de factores clínicos y anatomopatológicos que determinan una elevación del antígeno carcinoembrionario en pacientes con cáncer de colon / Multivariate analysis of clinical and anatomopathological factors that determine an elevation of carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with colon cancer

El antígeno carcinoembrionario (ACE) es una glicoproteína que se encuentra en el endodermo primitivo y está ausente en la mucosa normal del adulto. Es usado como marcador tumoral en cáncer de colon, pero su utilidad es discutida. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la asociación del ACE preoperatorio con variables anatomopatológicas y de etapificación según TNM. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se revisaron 41 fichas clínicas de pacientes atendidos por cáncer de colon durante el año 2007 en el Hospital Clínico San Borja-Arriarán. La concentración sérica del ACE fue determinada mediante la técnica de inmuno-enzimoanálisis de micropartículas. Se utilizó el programa STATA9 para el análisis estadístico y se consideró significativo un p < 0.05. RESULTADOS: No existen diferencias entre las distintas localizaciones del tumor, histología, grado de diferenciación celular e invasión perineural, vascular y linfática del tumor.Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la etapificación según TNM. Tumores T1 poseen niveles menores que tumores T4; compromiso ganglionar N1 tiene niveles mayores que N2; el estadio1 tiene niveles menores que el estadio 3 y 4. CONCLUSIONES: El nivel plasmático de ACE preoperatorio tiene mayor correspondencia con variables de etapificación y no tiene asociación con variables anatomopatológicas, demostrando su utilidad en el proceso de etapificación clínica prequirúrgica. Sin embargo, se requieren estudios dirigidos para comprender la ventaja de este marcador como instrumento de etapificación.

The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein found in the primitive endoderm and is absent in normal adult mucosa. It is used as a tumor marker in colon cancer, but its usefulness is discussed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of presurgical ACE levels and pathological variables according to TNM staging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 41 medical records were reviewed of patients seen per colon cancer in 2007 at the Hospital Clínico San Borja-Arriarán. STATA9 was used for statistical analysis and we considered significant p <0.05. RESULTS: There were not differences between tumor sites, histology, grade of cell differentiation and perineural, vascular and lymphatic invasion of the tumor. We found significant differences in the presurgical CEA levels according to TNM staging. T1 tumors have levels lower than T4 tumors; N1 lymph node involvement has greater levels than N2; stage 1 has smaller levels than the stage 3 and 4. CONCLUTIONS: The level of presurgical plasma CEA has higher correlation with staging variables than pathological variables, demonstrating its usefulness in the clinical staging process. However, studies are required aimed to understand the advantage of this marker as a means of staging.

Colon Tumor and Inflammation: Is C-Reactive Protein Possible Colon Tumor Marker? / 대한소화기학회지

No abstract available.

Valor pronóstico y predictivo de la timidilato sintetasa (TS) en pacientes con cáncer de colon / Prognostic and predictive value of the thymidylate synthase (TS) in patients with colon cancer

El cáncer colo-rectal es uno de los cánceres más comunes en el mundo actual, para lo cual el 5-Fluorouracilo (5-FU) es usualmente parte importante del tratamiento quimioterapéutico. La Timidilato Sintetasa (TS), es la enzima blanco para el 5-FU. Estudios recientes sugieren que la TS puede predecir el pronóstico y el éxito de la terapia basada en el 5-FU. El propósito de este estudio retrospectivo fue determinar la expresión de la TS en muestras de biopsias de cáncer de colon incluidas en parafina, mediante la técnica de inmunohistoquímica y correlacionarla con factores de riesgo, antígeno carcinoembrionario (CEA), CA-19-9, evolución del paciente y respuesta al tratamiento con 5-FU. La población en estudio consistió en 34 muestras de biopsias de cáncer de colon obtenidas de pacientes quienes fueron tratados con 5-FU y Leucovorina. A las muestras de adenocarcinomas colónicas incluidas en parafina se les realizó la detección de TS a través de inmunohistoquímica. Los pacientes en cuyos tumores había una alta expresión de la TS, mostraron una sobrevida significativamente menor comparado son aquellos pacientes que mostraron baja expresión de la enzima en sus tumores (p=0,004). La expresión de la TS puede ser utilizada como un importante marcador pronóstico de sobrevida y de respuesta a la quimioterapia en pacientes con cáncer colo-rectal.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world today, for which a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is usually an important part of the chemotherapeutic treatment. The thymidylate synthase (TS), is the target enzyme for 5-FU. Recent studies suggest that TS can predict the prognosis and the success of therapy based on 5-FU. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the expression of TS in samples from biopsies of colon cancer in paraffin, using the technique of immunohistochemistry and its correlation with risk factors, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA-19-9, patients evolution and response to treatment with 5-FU. The study population consisted of 34 biopsy samples obtained from colon cancer patients who were treated with 5-FU and Leucovorin. A sample of colonic adenocarcinoma in paraffin was performed to detect TS through immunohistochemistry. Patients whose tumours had a high expression of TS showed a significantly lower survival rate compared with those patients who showed low expression of the enzyme in their tumours (p = 0.004). The expression of TS can be used as an important marker of survival prognosis and response to chemotherapy in patients with colon cancer.

Copper and ceruloplasmin status in serum of prostate and colon cancer patients.

Serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels were estimated in 20 patients each of prostate and colon cancer. Although copper to ceruloplasmin ratio was not significantly altered, copper and ceruloplasmin levels were increased significantly in the cancer patients as compared to controls. Trace elements and free radicals have been implicated in the etiology of cancer. Hence determination of specific antioxidants (like ceruloplasmin) and trace elements (like copper) may be of value in the early diagnosis of prostate and colon cancer.

Association of serum lipids and glucose with the risk of colorectal adenomatous polyp in men: a case-control study in Korea

Previous studies on life style for colorectal cancer risk suggest that serum lipids and glucose might be related to adenomatous polyps as well as to colorectal carcinogenesis. This case-control study was conducted to investigate the associations between serum lipids, blood glucose, and other factors and the risk of colorectal adenomatous polyp. Male cases with colorectal adenomatous polyp, histologically confirmed by colonoscopy (n=134), and the same number of male controls matched by age for men were selected in hospitals in Seoul, Korea between January 1997 and October 1998. Serum lipids and glucose levels were tested after the subjects had fasted for at least 12 hr. Conditional logistic regression showed that there was a significant trend of increasing adenomatous polyp risk with the rise in serum cholesterol level (Ptrend=0.07). Increasing trend for the risk with triglyceride was also seen (Ptrend=0.01). HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol had increasing trends for the risk, which were not significant. In particular, it was noted that higher fasting blood glucose level reduced the adenomatous polyp risk for men (Ptrend=0.001). This study concluded that both serum cholesterol and triglyceride were positively related to the increased risk for colorectal adenomatous polyp in Korea. Findings on an inverse relationship between serum glucose and the risk should be pursued in further studies.

Carcinoma colorectal, incidencia transfusional transanestésica / Colorectal carcinoma: transanesthetic incidence of transfusions

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la incidencia transfusional transanestésica en pacientes oncológicos con carcinoma colorrectal sometidos a cirugía resectiva. Diseño: Serie de casos. Lugar: Departamento de Anestesiología Hospital de Oncología, CMN siglo XXI, IMSS. México, D.F. Pacientes: se revisaron 322 expedientes clínicos de pacientes con cáncer colorrectal y cirugía resectiva (colectomías). Las variables analizadas fueron: hemoglobina, hemotocrito pre y postoperatorias, sangrado, transfusión de algún componente sanguíneo durante el periodo transoperatorio y tiempo quirúrgico. Resultados: Solo 268 expedientes tuvieron la información transfunsional requerida. El sangrado promedio por cirugía fue 13.10 por ciento del volumen sanguíneo circulante. Del total de pacientes estudiados 57 por ciento fue transfundido con algún componente sanguíneo. Conclusiones: La incidencia transfunsional fue mayor a la esperada en relación al sangrado quirúrgico, condición que puede afectar el pronóstico de la neoplasia sobre la recurrencia tumoral o supervivencia