Ictericia obstructiva por neuroma de amputación de vía biliar: Reporte de caso / Obstructive ictericia by neuroma of amputation of via biliar: Case report

Los neuromas del conducto biliar se desarrollan a partir de las fibras nerviosas simpáticas y parasimpáticas que envuelven la pared de la vía biliar. Mujer de 44 años de edad con antecedente de colecistectomía convencional seis meses previos al ingreso acude a emergencia por ictericia obstructiva de 15 días de evolución. En los estudios de imagen impresiona la presencia de una masa a nivel de las vías biliares considerándose el diagnostico de una neoplasia maligna. Por los antecedentes, ausencia de marcadores tumorales se decide realizar una biopsia percutánea sin resultados concluyente, realizándose posteriormente una intervención quirúrgica con estudio anatomo-patológico compatible con neuroma de amputación de vía biliar. El neuroma de amputación a nivel de la vía biliar es un tumor infrecuente. Puede manifestarse clínicamente como una ictericia obstructiva y suele simular a un tumor maligno de las vías biliares. El manejo quirúrgico es el tratamiento definitivo.

Neuromas of the bile duct develop from the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers that surround the wall of the bile duct. A 44-year-old woman with a history of conventional cholecystectomy six months prior to hospital admission attended emergency due to obstructive jaundice that lasted 15 days. In the imaging studies, the presence of a mass at the level of the bile ducts is considered, considering the diagnosis of a malignant neoplasm. Due to the antecedents, the absence of tumor markers, it was decided to perform a percutaneous biopsy without conclusive results, performing later a surgical intervention with anatomopathological study compatible with neuroma of biliary tract amputation. The amputation neuroma at the level of the bile duct is an infrequent tumor. It can manifest clinically as obstructive jaundice and usually simulates a malignant tumor of the bile ducts. Surgical management is the definitive treatment.

FLUCTUATING JAUNDICE IN THE ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE AMPULLA OF VATER: a classic sign or an exception? / Icterícia flutuante em adenocarcinoma de ampola de Vater: um sinal clássico ou uma exceção?

Background Some authors consider the fluctuating jaundice as a classic sign of the adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. Objetive Assessing the frequency of fluctuating jaundice in their forms of its depiction in the patients with adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. Methods Observational and retrospective study, conducted through analyses of medical records from patients subjected to pancreatic cephalic resections between February 2008 and July 2013. The pathological examination of the surgical specimen was positive to adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. Concepts and differences on clinical and laboratory fluctuating jaundice were standardized. It was subdivided into type A and type B laboratory fluctuating jaundice. Results Twenty patients were selected. One of them always remained anicteric, 11 patients developed progressive jaundice, 2 of them developed clinical and laboratory fluctuating jaundice, 5 presented only laboratory fluctuating jaundice and one did not present significant variations on total serum bilirubin levels. Among the seven patients with fluctuating jaundice, two were classified as type A, one as type B and four were not classified due to lack information. Finally, progressive jaundice was the prevailing presentation form in these patients (11 cases). Conclusion This series of cases suggested that clinical fluctuating jaundice is a uncommon signal in adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. .

Contexto Alguns autores consideram a icterícia flutuante como um sinal clássico do adenocarcinoma da ampola de Vater. Objetivo Determinar a frequência de icterícia flutuante em suas formas de apresentação nos pacientes portadores de adenocarcinoma de ampola de Vater. Métodos Estudo observacional e restrospectivo, realizado a partir de análise de prontuários médicos de pacientes submetidos à ressecção cefálica pancreática entre fevereiro de 2008 e julho de 2013, cujo anatomopatológico confirmou o diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma de ampola de Vater. Conceituação e diferenciação entre icterícia flutuante clínica e laboratorial foram padronizadas. Icterícia flutuante laboratorial foi dividida em tipo A e B. Resultados Vinte pacientes foram selecionados. Um deles permaneceu sempre anictérico, 11 pacientes desenvolveram icterícia progressiva, 2 desenvolveram icterícia flutuante clínica e laboratorial, 5 apresentaram apenas icterícia flutuante laboratorial e 1 não apresentou significativa variação nos níveis séricos de bilirrubina total. Entre os sete pacientes com icterícia flutuante, dois foram classificados como tipo A, um como tipo B e quatro não foram classificados devido à falta de informações. Finalmente, icterícia progressiva foi a apresentação mais prevalente nos pacientes selecionados (11 casos). Conclusão Este artigo sugere que a icterícia flutuante clínica é um sinal incomum em pacientes portadores de adenocarcinoma de ampola de Vater. .

Triple-Tissue Sampling during Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Increases the Overall Diagnostic Sensitivity for Cholangiocarcinoma

BACKGROUND/AIMS: There are several methods for obtaining tissue samples to diagnose malignant biliary strictures during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). However, each method has only limited sensitivity. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a combined triple-tissue sampling (TTS) method (on-site bile aspiration cytology, brush cytology, and forceps biopsy). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 168 patients with suspicious malignant biliary strictures who underwent double-tissue sampling (DTS; n=121) or TTS (n=47) via ERCP at our institution from 2004 to 2011. RESULTS: Among the 168 patients reviewed, 117 patients (69.6%) were eventually diagnosed with malignancies. The diagnostic sensitivity for cancer was significantly higher in the TTS group than the DTS group (85.0% vs 64.9%, respectively; p=0.022). Furthermore, the combination of brush cytology and forceps biopsy was superior to the other method combinations in the DTS group. With respect to cancer type (cholangiocarcinoma vs noncholangiocarcinoma), interestingly, the diagnostic sensitivity was higher for cholangiocarcinoma in the TTS group than the DTS group (100% vs 69.4%, respectively; p<0.001) but not for the non-cholangiocarcinoma patients (57.1% vs 57.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: TTS can provide an improved diagnostic accuracy in suspicious malignant biliary strictures, particularly for cholangiocarcinoma.

A Case of Elderly-Onset Crescentic Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis with Hypocomplementemia and Positive MPO-ANCA

Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is common in childhood and often self-limiting. There have been limited studies on elderly-onset HSP nephritis (HSPN). A 76-yr-old man was transferred to our hospital with a 1-month history of oliguria, abdominal pain, edema and palpable purpura in the legs. Three months ago, he was admitted to another hospital with jaundice, and consequently diagnosed with early common bile duct cancer. The patient underwent a Whipple's operation. Antibiotics were administrated because of leakage in the suture from the surgery. However, he showed progressive renal failure with edema and purpura in the legs. Laboratory investigations showed serum creatinine 6.4 mg/dL, 24-hr urine protein 8,141 mg/day, myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (MPO-ANCA) 1:40 and C3 below 64.89 mg/dL. Renal biopsy showed crescentic glomerulonephritis, as well as mesangial and extracapillary Ig A deposition. We started steroid therapy and hemodialysis, but he progressed to end-stage renal failure and he has been under maintenance hemodialysis. We describe elderly onset HSPN with MPO-ANCA can be crescentic glomerulonephritis rapidly progressed to end stage renal failure.

Comparison of Clinical Outcome and Cost-Effectiveness after Various Preoperative Biliary Drainage Methods in Periampullary Cancer with Obstructive Jaundice

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcome and cost-effectiveness of preoperative biliary drainage (BD) methods in periampullary cancer, and to suggest guidelines for selecting the appropriate preoperative BD method. Between October 2004 and August 2010, 211 patients underwent pancreatoduodenectomy after preoperative BD. Clinical outcome and cost-effectiveness of the preoperative BD methods were compared based on the final drainage method used and on intention-to-treat analysis. There was no significant difference in drainage duration between percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and endoscopic BD groups (14.2 vs 16.6 days, respectively; P = 0.121) but daily diminution of serum bilirubin level was higher in the PTBD group (0.7 vs 0.6 mg/dL/day, respectively; P = 0.041). Based on intention-to-treat analysis, drainage duration was shorter (13.2 vs 16.5 days, respectively; P = 0.049), daily diminution of serum bilirubin level was higher (0.7 vs 0.6 mg/dL/day, respectively; P = 0.041). Medical care cost was lower (14.2 vs 15.7 x 10(3) USD, respectively; P = 0.040) in the PTBD group than in the endoscopic BD group. When selecting the preoperative BD method, practitioners should consider that PTBD is more cost-effective and safer than endoscopic BD.

Comparison of Clinical Outcome and Cost-Effectiveness after Various Preoperative Biliary Drainage Methods in Periampullary Cancer with Obstructive Jaundice

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcome and cost-effectiveness of preoperative biliary drainage (BD) methods in periampullary cancer, and to suggest guidelines for selecting the appropriate preoperative BD method. Between October 2004 and August 2010, 211 patients underwent pancreatoduodenectomy after preoperative BD. Clinical outcome and cost-effectiveness of the preoperative BD methods were compared based on the final drainage method used and on intention-to-treat analysis. There was no significant difference in drainage duration between percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and endoscopic BD groups (14.2 vs 16.6 days, respectively; P = 0.121) but daily diminution of serum bilirubin level was higher in the PTBD group (0.7 vs 0.6 mg/dL/day, respectively; P = 0.041). Based on intention-to-treat analysis, drainage duration was shorter (13.2 vs 16.5 days, respectively; P = 0.049), daily diminution of serum bilirubin level was higher (0.7 vs 0.6 mg/dL/day, respectively; P = 0.041). Medical care cost was lower (14.2 vs 15.7 x 10(3) USD, respectively; P = 0.040) in the PTBD group than in the endoscopic BD group. When selecting the preoperative BD method, practitioners should consider that PTBD is more cost-effective and safer than endoscopic BD.

A Case of Adenocarcinoma in situ of the Distal Common Bile Duct Diagnosed by Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangioscopy

Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is often clinically challenging to diagnose. Even multidisciplinary approaches which include computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography are unsatisfactory in some cases, especially with biliary stricture. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) with its direct visualization for biopsy appears to be a promising technique for detecting cholangiocarcinoma at an early stage. We report a case of adenocarcinoma in situ of the distal common bile duct (CBD) that was confirmed by PTCS. This case suggests the useful role of PTCS in the differential diagnosis of a distal CBD obstruction, particularly when other diagnostic modalities do not provide definitive information.

An Experience of Cyberknife Treatment in Patients with Advanced Pancreaticobilliary Malignancy / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: CyberKnife(TM) stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has been thought as a promising treatment modality for inoperable or recurred pancreaticobiliary malignancies. But, clinical course of CyberKnife(TM) treatment have not been established yet, so we report the experience of CyberKnife(TM) treatment in 19 patients with recurred or advanced pancreaticobilliary malignancies. METHODS: Between July 2008 and May 2009, 19 patients (gallbladder cancer 4, common bile duct cancer 5, and pancreatic cancer 10) with recurred (12) and advanced pancreaticobiliary cancer (7) underwent CyberKnife(TM) treatment in Soonchunhyang University Hospital. Tumor size was evaluated at 1, 3, 6, 8 and every 3 months after SBRT. RESULTS: The mean age was 60.2 years, and the mean size of target lesions was 28.1+/-1.30 mm. After CyberKnife(TM) treatment, the average size of target lesions was decreased; 2.53+/-4.18 mm from months 0-1 in 19 patients, 2.47+/-4.7 mm from months 1-3 in 15 patients, 0.08+/-5.11 mm from months 3-6 in 12 patients. However, the average size of target lesions was increased 3.67+/-8.98 mm from months 6-8 in 6 patients. There were 2 cases of massive duodenal ulcer bleeding after CyberKnife(TM) treatment, one of them expired due to ulcer bleeding. Also, other minor complications appeared such as 1 case of abdominal pain and 1 case of diarrhea. CONCLUSIONS: CyberKnife(TM) treatment seems to be effective in local control of pancreaticobiliary cancer, but we experienced serious complications. Further prospective studies will be needed for the proper evaluation of role of Cyberknife(TM) treatment in patients with advanced pancreaticobiliary malignancies.

Schwannoma of bile duct--a case report.

This is a case report of a 29 year old woman who presented with painless and progressive obstructive jaundice. Imaging investigations of the abdomen revealed a tumour of the common bile duct. She was treated by complete excision of the bile duct and hepaticojejunostomy. The histopathology report of the tumour read as benign schwannoma.

Removal of self-expandable metallic wallstent--a case report.

Self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) have become the preferred palliative treatment for patients with malignant biliary obstruction; endoscopic stent placement is less invasive than surgery and is rapidly effective. A longer duration of patency makes SEMS superior to plastic stents for palliation of patients with malignant stricture. Few cases of removal of an uncovered SEMS are reported in case of a blocked stent. We report the first case report of removal of covered biliary SEMS from India.

Tumores periampulares: hallazgos y resultados en 21 casos consecutivos resecados / Periampullary tumors: finding and result of 21 consecutive operated cases

Los cánceres de la región periampular (CPA) han experimentado un incremento significativo en las últimas décadas, actualmente comprenden cerca del 2 por ciento de las neoplasias malignas, con una incidencia aproximada en 10 por 100.000 habitantes en USA. El objetivo de este estudio es describir y analizar los resultados obtenidos en el manejo de pacientes resecados con diagnóstico de tumor periampular (TPA) que fueron intervenidos en el Hospital Clínico Regional de Valdivia entre los años 2000 y primer trimestre de 2005. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en el que se revisaron fichas clínicas de pacientes en los que se diagnóstico un TPA y se incluyeron en protocolo preestablecido. Se creó una base de datos Excel y el análisis estadístico se realizó con programa Epi-Info 2002. Durante el período en estudio se intervinieron 21 casos con diagnóstico de TPA. La presentación clínica más común fue el debut como ictericia obstructiva asociado a dolor abdominal. El estudio preoperatorio se efectuó con laboratorio básico, ECO y/o TAC de abdomen. En 10 casos se realizó CPER previo a la cirugía. La pancreatogastroanastomosis se utilizó en el 95 por ciento de los casos. El aporte nutricional postoperatorio se realizó mayoritariamente por vía enteral. La morbilidad general alcanzó un 48 por ciento. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron las intraabdominales; dentro de éstas hubo 2 casos de fístulas pancreáticas. No se presentó mortalidad operatoria. El cáncer de ampolla fue el más frecuente en esta serie y el compromiso metastático linfonodal se presentó en un 52 por ciento. Se concluye que los CPA se presentan habitualmente con ictericia y dolor abdominal. El cáncer de ampolla es el tumor más frecuentemente resecado y la morbimortalidad de la cirugía es similar a lo reportado por experiencias de centros de alto volumen en pancreatoduodenectomía.

Obstructive jaundice secondary to bile duct involvement with Hodgkin's disease: a case report

CONTEXTO: Icterícia obstrutiva secundária a linfoma é muito rara. Em geral, a diferenciação com outras causas de obstrução biliar extra-hepática é difícil, mesmo com a colangiopancreatografia endoscópica retrógrada. Nestas condições o prognóstico é reservado. Associação de quimio, radioterapia e drenagem biliar é uma opção terapêutica a ser considerada. RELATO DE CASO: Descrevemos o caso de um paciente com icterícia obstrutiva como manifestação inicial da doença de Hodgkin. Após quimioterapia e drenagem biliar endoscópica, foi observado o desaparecimento da linfoadenomegalia, da icterícia e da dilatação da via biliar.

Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma of common bile duct.

Common bile duct is an unusual site for occurrence of botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma. Clinically it is often misdiagnosed as infectious hepatitis. Early diagnosis and treatment has greatly improved the prognosis of this aggressive neoplasm. Here the authors present a case report of Bortroyid Rhabdomyosarcoma of CBD in a two and half year old child masquerading as obstructive jaundice.

Cáncer de la ampolla de Vater: resultados postoperatorios y sobrevida / Cancer of the ampulla of Vater: postoperative study and survival

Se presenta nuestra experiencia en el manejo de 27 ampulomas tratados durante un período de 9 años (1990-1999). Son hombres y 16 hombres y 11 mujeres con edad promedio de 54 años (27-74). Se resecó 21 pacientes (77,77 por ciento), en ocaciones con técnicas de duodenopancreatectomía modificada y un paciente, con cáncer gástrico sincrónico, con técnica de Whipple clásico. Se produjo un 17 por ciento de complicaciones quirúrgicas, una de ellas fue una fístula pancreática (4,76 por ciento), un 28,57 por ciento presentó retardo del vaciamiento gástrico y hubo sólo un fallecido por complicaciones médicas (4,76 por ciento). La sobrevida actuarial a 5 años es de 47 por ciento para toda la serie y 61 por ciento para el grupo de los resecados

Aetiological spectrum of obstructive jaundice and diagnostic ability of ultrasonography: a clinician's perspective.

BACKGROUND: A vast array of invasive and non invasive diagnostic tests are available to diagnose and establish the etiology of surgical obstructive jaundice (SOJ). Invasive tests may cause cholangitis and imaging techniques like computed tomography(CT) scan and MRI are expensive. The aim of the present study was to test ultrasonography as the primary investigation in patients with SOJ and to elucidate the aetiological spectrum of obstructive jaundice as seen at a tertiary referral center. METHODS: 429 patients diagnosed as having obstructive jaundice on the basis of either CT, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP), fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) or surgery underwent real time sonography over a 10 year period from May 1988 to Dec 1997. The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for SOJ was established. RESULTS: Sonography correctly established the presence of obstructive jaundice in 380 of 429 patients. Of 429 patients (mean age 62.5 +/- 34.2 yrs, 229 males and 194 females) the sensitivity of ultrasound to correctly diagnose and establish the site of etiology of obstruction was 94% with a specificity of 96%. Malignant SOJ was much more common than benign causes (75.3% Vs. 24.7%). Carcinoma (Ca) of the gallbladder (28.7%) was the commonest aetiology followed by Ca pancreas (26.5%), choledocholithiasis (12.4%), cholangio Ca (10.8%) benign stricture (10.8%) and ampullary Ca (9.8%). A total of 167 subjects (44%) had high block while 213 (56%) had low block. Block at the porta hepatis was due to gallbladder Ca in 91% of patients. Ca pancreas was the cause of lower end block in 76% of patients. CONCLUSION: SOJ, as seen in this large series of patients was most often due to malignant cause and gallbladder Ca was the commonest cause in North Indian patients. The clinician should utilize the ability of the ultrasound to diagnose the presence of obstructive jaundice and its location.

Valor de la colangiografía por resonancia magnética en la obstrucción biliar benigna y maligna / MR cholangiography in bening and malign biliary obstruction

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la sensibilidad, especificidad y valor predictivo positivo y negativo de la colangiografía por Resonancia Magnética (MRCP) en pacientes con patología biliar obstructiva benigna y maligna. Se estudiaron por MRCP 106 pacientes con sospecha de patología biliar en secuencias 3D turbo SPIN-ECO T2 con técnica de supresión grasa: 49 presentaron obstrucción biliar, de los cuales 48 fueron correctamente diagnosticados, con una sensibilidad del 92 por ciento, especificidad del 90 por ciento, VPP del 94 por ciento y VPN del 88 por ciento. Concluimos que la MRCP es un nuevo procedimiento diagnóstico no invasivo que muestra alta sensibilidad y especificidad en el diagnóstico de lesiones benignas y malignas del árbol biliopancreático

Tumor de celulas granulosas del esofago: presentacion de un caso y revision de la literatura / Granular cell tumor of the esophagus: report of a case and literature review

El tumor de células granulosas o tumor de Abrikossoff es una neoplasia usualmente benigna que raramente se presenta en esófago. En el 11 por ciento de los casos el tumor de células granulosas del esófago se halla asociado a otra neoplasia. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 48 años con un tumor de células granulosas del esófago asociado a un adenocaarcinoma de ampolla de Vater. Esta asociación no ha sido mencionada previamente en la literatura.

Icterícia obstrutiva por hemangioma da ampola de Vater: relato de caso / Obstructive jaundice caused by Vater's ampulla hemangioma: report of a case

O presente artigo destina-se à apresentaçäo de um caso de icterícia destrutiva causada por hemangioma submucoso da ampola de Vater. O hemangioma é um tumor benigno freqüente, mas sua localizaçäo na papila duodenal é extremamente rara, com escassos relatos na literatura mundial. Tal lesäo foi encontrada após papilotomia por via endoscópica com biópsias e exame histopatológico.

Colangiocarcinoma da via biliar extra-hepatica. Resultados do tratamento cirurgico de 13 casos / Cholangiocarcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts results of the surgical treatment in 13 patients

Os autores apresentam os resultados do tratamento cirurgico de 13 pacientes portadores de colangiocarcinoma da via biliar extra-hepatica. Foram seis pacientes do sexo feminino e sete do sexo masculino; a idade variou de 25 a 73 anos. O tempo medio decorrido para o diagnostico foi de 57,7 dias e a queixa mais frequente foi ictericia em 12 pacientes. A maioria dos tumores se localizaram no coledoco (cinco casos) e junçao dos hepaticos (cinco casos). A cirurgia paliativa (drenagem da via biliar) foi realizada em seis pacientes; a operaçao de ressecçao do tumor em quatro e foram considerados inoperaveis tres pacientes. As complicaçoes pos-operatorias precoces foram: insuficiencia renal em um caso, choque septico em um caso e drenagem de bile pelo dreno em tres casos. Nao houve mortalidade pos-operatoria. O seguimento foi de nove pacientes, apenasum encontra-se vivo com evoluçao de tres meses de pos-operatorio. Os 12 pacientes restantes faleceram por metastases do tumor, com uma sobrevida media de 7,7 meses. A maior sobrevida foi de 18 meses