Meralgia parestésica: Lesión nerviosa posoperatoria, una responsabilidad compartida. Caso clínico y revisión bibliográfica / Meralgia paresthetic: Postoperative nerve injury, a shared responsibility. Clinical case and review

INTRODUCTION: Perioperative nerve injuries are of great concern to anesthesiologists. Meralgia paresthetica is a syndrome of pain and paresthesia in the anterolateral region of thigh caused by injury of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. The purpose of this paper is present a case, review the bibliography to determine management guidelines. METHOD: A search about paresthetic meralgia was conducted from December 2013 to March 2018, using the PubMed database. RESULT: Nerve injuries and particular meralgia paresthetica are entities with multiple risk factors for their development. The diagnosis can be very complex, requires a high index of suspicion and an adequate differential study of other processes. Its treatment can be conservative or surgical. In the exposed case there is also an investigation about the responsibilities associated with the operative procedure. CONCLUSION: Perioperative nerve injuries occur frequently, being a cause of morbidity, increased costs and medical legal implications of great relevance to anesthesiologists.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las lesiones nerviosas perioperatorias son causa de gran preocupación para los anestesiólogos. La meralgia parestésica es un síndrome de dolor y parestesia en la región anterolateral del muslo originada por la lesión del nervio femorocutáneo lateral. El propósito de este trabajo es presentar un caso, revisar la bibliografía para determinar directrices de manejo. MÉTODO: Se presenta un caso clínico. Se realiza una búsqueda sobre la meralgia parestésica desde diciembre de 2013 a marzo de 2018, usando la base de PubMed. RESULTADO: Las lesiones nerviosas y en particular la meralgia parestésica son entidades con múltiples factores de riesgo para su desarrollo. El diagnóstico puede ser muy complejo, precisa un alto índice de sospecha y un adecuado estudio diferencial de otros procesos. Su tratamiento puede ser conservador o quirúrgico. En el caso expuesto además existe investigación sobre las responsabilidades asociadas al procedimiento operatorio. CONCLUSIÓN: Las lesiones nerviosas perioperatorias ocurren frecuentemente, siendo una causa de morbilidad, incremento de costos e implicaciones medicolegales de gran relevancia para los anestesiólogos.

Neuropatía femoral y hematoma bilateral de músculos psoas-iliaco asociados a tratamiento con warfarina / Femoral neuropathy and bilateral hematoma: psoas-iliac muscles associated with a warfarin treatment

Se presentó un hombre de 70 años que sufrió un hematoma bilateral de los músculos psoas-iliacos como consecuencia del tratamiento con warfarina. Después de 6 d de tratamiento analgésico, valores de índice internacional normalizado inferiores a 1,5 y control del sangrado, se indicó la warfarina para continuar la profilaxis por la prótesis valvular mecánica. Fue egresado con secuelas motoras por la neuropatía femoral y se ha mantenido con tratamiento fisioterapéutico. Se diagnosticó neuropatía por compresión del nervio femoral, por hematoma de los músculos psoas-ilíacos. Los casos de hematomas retroperitoneales son escasos en la literatura médica, en Cuba no encontramos casos publicados...

This is the case of a man suffered of a bilateral hematoma of psoas-iliac muscles as a consequence of warfarin treatment. After 6 days od analgesic treatment, values of INR lower than 1,5 and bleeding control warfarin was prescribed to continue the prophylaxis by mechanical valvular prosthesis. He was discharged with motor sequelae due to femoral neuropathy maintained with a physiotherapy treatment. A neuropathy by compression of femoral nerve due to hematoma of psoas-iliac muscles was diagnosed. The cases of retroperitoneal hematomas are scarce in medical literature and in Cuba there were not published cases...

Neurapraxia do femoral pelo uso do garrote: relato de caso / Femoral neurapraxia due to the use of tourniquet: case report

Os autores descrevem caso de paciente do sexo feminino, com 23 anos de idade, submetida à cirurgia do joelho para realinhamento patelar com uso de garrote pneumático e que desenvolveu neurapraxia femoral. Faz-se breve revisão da literatura sobre as vantagens e desvantagens do uso do garrote em cirurgias do joelho e discute-se a necessidade da sua indicação, considerando-se as complicações acarretadas por seu uso incorreto.

The authors describe the case of a 27 year-old female patient submitted to knee surgery for patellar realignment with the use of a pneumatic tourniquet, who developed femoral neurapraxia. They make a brief literature review about the advantages and disadvantages of using a tourniquet in knee surgeries, and discuss the need for tourniquet indication considering the complications entailed by the incorrect use of the tourniquet.

Meralgia paraesthetica following lumbar spine surgery: a study in 110 consecutive surgically treated cases.

BACKGROUND: Lateral cutaneous femoral nerve (LCFN) injury or Meralgia paraesthetica (MP) results in restriction of activity. Compression of the nerve by disc hernia, retroperitoneal tumors, and external pressure around the anterior superior iliac spine is common. However, it is not commonly observed after lumbar spinal surgery in prone position. STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective study of 110 patients who underwent elective lumbar spinal surgery, managed from January 2002 to June 2002, the incidence, possible risk factors, etiopathogenesis and management of MP were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 66 males and 44 females. The age of the patients ranged from 15 to 81 years (mean 46.9 yrs.). Thirteen patients (12%) suffered from MP. It is more common in thinner individuals due to pressure injury to the nerve at its exit point. Ninety-two per cent of the patients were asymptomatic at follow-up after 6 months. In 7 out of 13 patients, patchy sensory loss on clinical examination was seen at 6 months. CONCLUSION: MP after posterior lumbar spinal surgery is uncommon. Smaller bolsters may avoid some of the vulnerable pressure points, as the surface area available is relatively smaller. The posts of the Hall-Relton frame over the anterior superior iliac crest should be adequately padded. The condition is usually self-limiting. Surgical division or decompression of the LCFN is reserved for persistent or severe MP.